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Performance comparison between two computer-aided detection colonoscopy models by trainees using different false positive thresholds: a cross-sectional study in Thailand
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Kasenee Tiankanon, Julalak Karuehardsuwan, Satimai Aniwan, Parit Mekaroonkamol, Panukorn Sunthornwechapong, Huttakan Navadurong, Kittithat Tantitanawat, Krittaya Mekritthikrai, Salin Samutrangsi, Peerapon Vateekul, Rungsun Rerknimitr
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Clin Endosc 2024;57(2):217-225. Published online February 7, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.145
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Graphical Abstract
Abstract
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- Background
/Aims: This study aims to compare polyp detection performance of “Deep-GI,” a newly developed artificial intelligence (AI) model, to a previously validated AI model computer-aided polyp detection (CADe) using various false positive (FP) thresholds and determining the best threshold for each model.
Methods Colonoscopy videos were collected prospectively and reviewed by three expert endoscopists (gold standard), trainees, CADe (CAD EYE; Fujifilm Corp.), and Deep-GI. Polyp detection sensitivity (PDS), polyp miss rates (PMR), and false-positive alarm rates (FPR) were compared among the three groups using different FP thresholds for the duration of bounding boxes appearing on the screen.
Results In total, 170 colonoscopy videos were used in this study. Deep-GI showed the highest PDS (99.4% vs. 85.4% vs. 66.7%, p<0.01) and the lowest PMR (0.6% vs. 14.6% vs. 33.3%, p<0.01) when compared to CADe and trainees, respectively. Compared to CADe, Deep-GI demonstrated lower FPR at FP thresholds of ≥0.5 (12.1 vs. 22.4) and ≥1 second (4.4 vs. 6.8) (both p<0.05). However, when the threshold was raised to ≥1.5 seconds, the FPR became comparable (2 vs. 2.4, p=0.3), while the PMR increased from 2% to 10%.
Conclusions Compared to CADe, Deep-GI demonstrated a higher PDS with significantly lower FPR at ≥0.5- and ≥1-second thresholds. At the ≥1.5-second threshold, both systems showed comparable FPR with increased PMR.
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Citations
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- Effectiveness of a novel artificial intelligence-assisted colonoscopy system for adenoma detection: a prospective, propensity score-matched, non-randomized controlled study in Korea
Jung-Bin Park, Jung Ho Bae Clinical Endoscopy.2025; 58(1): 112. CrossRef - Understanding the discrepancy in the effectiveness of artificial intelligence-assisted colonoscopy: from randomized controlled trials to clinical reality
Jung Ho Bae Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(6): 765. CrossRef - Edge Artificial Intelligence Device in Real-Time Endoscopy for Classification of Gastric Neoplasms: Development and Validation Study
Eun Jeong Gong, Chang Seok Bang, Jae Jun Lee Biomimetics.2024; 9(12): 783. CrossRef
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International Digestive Endoscopy Network consensus on the management of antithrombotic agents in patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy
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Seung Joo Kang, Chung Hyun Tae, Chang Seok Bang, Cheol Min Shin, Young-Hoon Jeong, Miyoung Choi, Joo Ha Hwang, Yutaka Saito, Philip Wai Yan Chiu, Rungsun Rerknimitr, Christopher Khor, Vu Van Khien, Kee Don Choi, Ki-Nam Shim, Geun Am Song, Oh Young Lee, The Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines
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Clin Endosc 2024;57(2):141-157. Published online March 14, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.002
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Abstract
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- Antithrombotic agents, including antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants, are widely used in Korea because of the increasing incidence of cardiocerebrovascular disease and the aging population. The management of patients using antithrombotic agents during endoscopic procedures is an important clinical challenge. The clinical practice guidelines for this issue, developed by the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, were published in 2020. However, new evidence on the use of dual antiplatelet therapy and direct anticoagulant management has emerged, and revised guidelines have been issued in the United States and Europe. Accordingly, the previous guidelines were revised. Cardiologists were part of the group that developed the guideline, and the recommendations went through a consensus-reaching process among international experts. This guideline presents 14 recommendations made based on the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology and was reviewed by multidisciplinary experts. These guidelines provide useful information that can assist endoscopists in the management of patients receiving antithrombotic agents who require diagnostic and elective therapeutic endoscopy. It will be revised as necessary to cover changes in technology, evidence, or other aspects of clinical practice.
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Chung Hyun Tae, Ki-Nam Shim Clinical Endoscopy.2025; 58(1): 80. CrossRef - Response
Tae-Geun Gweon, Hyun Gun Kim Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2025; 101(4): 925. CrossRef - Prediction of immediate bleeding after cold snare polypectomy: A prospective observational study
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Real-time semantic segmentation of gastric intestinal metaplasia using a deep learning approach
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Vitchaya Siripoppohn, Rapat Pittayanon, Kasenee Tiankanon, Natee Faknak, Anapat Sanpavat, Naruemon Klaikaew, Peerapon Vateekul, Rungsun Rerknimitr
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Clin Endosc 2022;55(3):390-400. Published online May 9, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2022.005
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Abstract
PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub
- Background
/Aims: Previous artificial intelligence (AI) models attempting to segment gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) areas have failed to be deployed in real-time endoscopy due to their slow inference speeds. Here, we propose a new GIM segmentation AI model with inference speeds faster than 25 frames per second that maintains a high level of accuracy.
Methods Investigators from Chulalongkorn University obtained 802 histological-proven GIM images for AI model training. Four strategies were proposed to improve the model accuracy. First, transfer learning was employed to the public colon datasets. Second, an image preprocessing technique contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization was employed to produce clearer GIM areas. Third, data augmentation was applied for a more robust model. Lastly, the bilateral segmentation network model was applied to segment GIM areas in real time. The results were analyzed using different validity values.
Results From the internal test, our AI model achieved an inference speed of 31.53 frames per second. GIM detection showed sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive, negative predictive, accuracy, and mean intersection over union in GIM segmentation values of 93%, 80%, 82%, 92%, 87%, and 57%, respectively.
Conclusions The bilateral segmentation network combined with transfer learning, contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization, and data augmentation can provide high sensitivity and good accuracy for GIM detection and segmentation.
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Piyush Nathani, Prateek Sharma Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America.2025; 35(2): 319. CrossRef - Applications of artificial intelligence in gastroscopy: a narrative review
Hu Chen, Shi-yu Liu, Si-hui Huang, Min Liu, Guang-xia Chen Journal of International Medical Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Computer‐aided diagnosis in real‐time endoscopy for all stages of gastric carcinogenesis: Development and validation study
Eun Jeong Gong, Chang Seok Bang, Jae Jun Lee United European Gastroenterology Journal.2024; 12(4): 487. CrossRef - As how artificial intelligence is revolutionizing endoscopy
Jean-Francois Rey Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(3): 302. CrossRef - Accuracy of artificial intelligence-assisted endoscopy in the diagnosis of gastric intestinal metaplasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Na Li, Jian Yang, Xiaodong Li, Yanting Shi, Kunhong Wang, Chih-Wei Tseng PLOS ONE.2024; 19(5): e0303421. CrossRef - Real-time gastric intestinal metaplasia segmentation using a deep neural network designed for multiple imaging modes on high-resolution images
Passin Pornvoraphat, Kasenee Tiankanon, Rapat Pittayanon, Natawut Nupairoj, Peerapon Vateekul, Rungsun Rerknimitr Knowledge-Based Systems.2024; 300: 112213. CrossRef - A Benchmark Dataset of Endoscopic Images and Novel Deep Learning Method to Detect Intestinal Metaplasia and Gastritis Atrophy
Jie Yang, Yan Ou, Zhiqian Chen, Juan Liao, Wenjian Sun, Yang Luo, Chunbo Luo IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics.2023; 27(1): 7. CrossRef - Real-time gastric intestinal metaplasia diagnosis tailored for bias and noisy-labeled data with multiple endoscopic imaging
Passin Pornvoraphat, Kasenee Tiankanon, Rapat Pittayanon, Phanukorn Sunthornwetchapong, Peerapon Vateekul, Rungsun Rerknimitr Computers in Biology and Medicine.2023; 154: 106582. CrossRef - Diagnostic value of artificial intelligence-assisted endoscopy for chronic atrophic gastritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Yanting Shi, Ning Wei, Kunhong Wang, Tao Tao, Feng Yu, Bing Lv Frontiers in Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Recent Advances in Applying Machine Learning and Deep Learning to Detect Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Lesions
Malinda Vania, Bayu Adhi Tama, Hasan Maulahela, Sunghoon Lim IEEE Access.2023; 11: 66544. CrossRef - Colon histology slide classification with deep-learning framework using individual and fused features
Venkatesan Rajinikanth, Seifedine Kadry, Ramya Mohan, Arunmozhi Rama, Muhammad Attique Khan, Jungeun Kim Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering.2023; 20(11): 19454. CrossRef - Clinical Decision Support System for All Stages of Gastric Carcinogenesis in Real-Time Endoscopy: Model Establishment and Validation Study
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Perception of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Personnel on Society Recommendations on Personal Protective Equipment, Case Selection, and Scope Cleaning During Covid-19 Pandemic: An International Survey Study
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Parit Mekaroonkamol, Kasenee Tiankanon, Rapat Pittayanon, Wiriyaporn Ridtitid, Fariha Shams, Ghias Un Nabi Tayyab, Julia Massaad, Saurabh Chawla, Stanley Khoo, Siriboon Attasaranya, Nonthalee Pausawasdi, Qiang Cai, Thawee Ratanachu-ek, Pradermchai Kongkham, Rungsun Rerknimitr
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Clin Endosc 2022;55(2):215-225. Published online September 29, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2021.051
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Abstract
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- Background
/Aims: The Thai Association for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy published recommendations on safe endoscopy during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to assess the practicality and applicability of the recommendations and the perceptions of endoscopy personnel on them.
Methods A validated questionnaire was sent to 1290 endoscopy personnel globally. Of these, the data of all 330 responders (25.6%) from 15 countries, related to the current recommendations on proper personal protective equipment (PPE), case selection, scope cleaning, and safety perception, were analyzed. Ordinal logistic regression was used to determine the relationships between the variables.
Results Despite an overwhelming agreement with the recommendations on PPE (94.5%) and case selection (95.5%), their practicality and applicability on PPE recommendations and case selection were significantly lower (p=0.001, p=0.047, p<0.001, and p=0.032, respectively). Factors that were associated with lower sense of safety in endoscopy units were younger age (p=0.004), less working experience (p=0.008), in-training status (p=0.04), and higher national prevalence of COVID-19 (p=0.003). High prevalent countries also had more difficulty implementing the guidelines (p<0.001) and they considered the PPE recommendations less practical and showed lower agreement with them (p<0.001 and p=0.008, respectively). A higher number of in-hospital COVID-19 patients was associated with less agreement with PPE recommendations (p=0.039).
Conclusions Using appropriate PPE and case selection in endoscopic practice during a pandemic remains a challenge. Resource availability and local prevalence are critical factors influencing the adoption of the current guidelines.
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Cracking Difficult Biliary Stones
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Phonthep Angsuwatcharakon, Rungsun Rerknimitr
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Clin Endosc 2021;54(5):660-668. Published online March 16, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2020.256-IDEN
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Abstract
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- Apart from difficult biliary cannulation, biliary stone removal is considered one of the hurdles in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Generally, simple common bile duct (CBD) stones can be removed either with an extraction balloon or a basket. However, there are difficult stones that cannot be removed using these standard methods. The most difficult stones are large CBD stones and impacted stones in a tapering CBD. A few decades ago, mechanical lithotripsy was usually required to manage these stones. At present, endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EPLBD) of the biliary orifice has become the gold standard for large CBD stones up to 1.5 cm. EPLBD can reduce the procedural time by shortening the stone removal process. It can also save the cost of the devices, especially multiple baskets, used in mechanical lithotripsy. Unfortunately, very large CBD stones, stones impacted in a tapering CBD, and some intrahepatic duct stones still require lithotripsy. Peroral cholangioscopy provides direct visualization of the stone, which helps the endoscopist perform a probe-based lithotripsy either with an electrohydraulic probe or a laser probe. This technique can facilitate the management of difficult CBD stones with a high success rate and save procedural time without significant technical complications.
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Chukwunonso Ezeani, Samuel O. Igbinedion, Kwabena Asafo-Agyei, Erik A. Holzwanger, Sultan Mahmood, Mandeep S. Sawhney, Tyler M. Berzin, Moamen Gabr, Douglas K. Pleskow VideoGIE.2024; 9(5): 241. CrossRef - The role and designation of emergency choledochoscopy in the laparoscopic treatment of patients with complicated choledocholithiasis
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Ruchi Sharma, Vikram Sharma, Umang Singhal, Madhusudhan Sanaka Endoscopy International Open.2022; 10(11): E1447. CrossRef
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Current Status of Colorectal Cancer and Its Public Health Burden in Thailand
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Kasenee Tiankanon, Satimai Aniwan, Rungsun Rerknimitr
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Clin Endosc 2021;54(4):499-504. Published online March 15, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2020.245-IDEN
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Abstract
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- Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for approximately 10.3% of new cancer cases in Thailand and is currently the 3rd most prevalent cancer found among the Thai population. Starting in 2017, the Thai government announced the national CRC screening program as a response to this important issue. Among the 70 million people currently residing in Thailand, 14 million require screening, while there are approximately a total of 1,000 endoscopists available to perform colonoscopy. Due to the limited resources and shortage of endoscopists in Thailand, applying a population-based one-step colonoscopy program as a primary screening method is not feasible. To reduce colonoscopy workload, with the help of others, including village health volunteers, institution-based health personnel, reimbursement coders, pathologists, and patients due for CRC screening, a two-step approach of one-time fecal immunochemical test (FIT), which prioritizes and filters out subjects for colonoscopy, is chosen. Moreover, additional adjustments to the optimal FIT cutoff value and the modified Asia-Pacific Colorectal Screening risk score, including body weight, were proposed to stratify the priority of colonoscopy schedule. This article aims to give an overview of the past and current policy developmental strategies and the current status of the Thailand CRC screening program.
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Practical Approaches for High-Risk Surgical Patients with Acute Cholecystitis: The Percutaneous Approach versus Endoscopic Alternatives
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Rungsun Rerknimitr, Khanh Cong Pham
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Clin Endosc 2020;53(6):678-685. Published online January 9, 2020
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2019.186
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Abstract
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- In high-risk surgical patients with acute cholecystitis who are not candidates for early laparoscopic cholecystectomy, gallbladder (GB) drainage is an alternative treatment option. Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) is a recommended first line intervention because of its high efficacy and feasibility in most centers. However, with the advent of endoscopic accessories and technology, endoscopic GB drainage has been chosen as a more favorable choice by endoscopists. Endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage (ETGBD) can be performed under either fluoroscopic or peroral cholangioscopic guidance via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography by the transpapillary placement of a long double-pigtail stent. In a patient with common bile duct stones, this procedure is accompanied with stone removal. ETGBD is especially useful for acute cholecystitis patients who are contraindicated for PTGBD or those with severe coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, and abnormal anatomy. Moreover, the advantage of ETGBD is its preservation of the external GB structure. Thereby it would not disturb the future cholecystectomy. Recently, endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) using plastic, fully covered metallic, or lumen-apposing metal stents transmurally has emerged as a modality for GB drainage with higher technical and clinical success rates. EUS-GBD can provide a more permanent GB drainage than PTGBD and ETGBD.
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Azhar Hussain, Vishnu Charan Suresh Kumar, Hafiz Muzaffar Akbar Khan ACG Case Reports Journal.2024; 11(8): e01469. CrossRef - Endosonografische Drainage der Gallenblase wegen akuter Cholezystitis bei Patienten mit hohem Operationsrisiko
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Guido Costamagna Digestive Endoscopy.2022; 34(1): 73. CrossRef - Ultimate outcomes of three modalities for non-surgical gallbladder drainage in acute cholecystitis with or without concomitant common bile duct stones
Wiriyaporn Ridtitid, Thanawat Luangsukrerk, Panida Piyachaturawat, Nicha Teeratorn, Phonthep Angsuwatcharakon, Pradermchai Kongkam, Rungsun Rerknimitr Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery.2022; 26(1): 104. CrossRef - Endosonography-Guided Versus Percutaneous Gallbladder Drainage Versus Cholecystectomy in Fragile Patients with Acute Cholecystitis—A High-Volume Center Study
Hayato Kurihara, Francesca M. Bunino, Alessandro Fugazza, Enrico Marrano, Giulia Mauri, Martina Ceolin, Ezio Lanza, Matteo Colombo, Antonio Facciorusso, Alessandro Repici, Andrea Anderloni Medicina.2022; 58(11): 1647. CrossRef - A Case of Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis that was Difficult to Differentiate from Gallbladder Cancer after Long-term Placement of an Endoscopic Transpapillary Gallbladder Drainage Tube
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Shigeto Ishii, Toshio Fujisawa, Hiroyuki Isayama, Shingo Asahara, Shingo Ogiwara, Hironao Okubo, Hisafumi Yamagata, Mako Ushio, Sho Takahashi, Hiroki Okawa, Wataru Yamagata, Yoshihiro Okawa, Akinori Suzuki, Yusuke Takasaki, Kazushige Ochiai, Ko Tomishima, Journal of Clinical Medicine.2020; 9(12): 4059. CrossRef
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Endoscopic Transmural Necrosectomy: Timing, Indications, and Methods
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Rungsun Rerknimitr
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Clin Endosc 2020;53(1):49-53. Published online September 18, 2019
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2019.131
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Abstract
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- Walled-off necrosis is considered one of the most severe complications after an episode of severe acute pancreatitis. Traditionally, percutaneous drainage is selected as the first treatment step, while open surgery can be planned as a secondary option if necrosectomy is required. In recent years, endoscopic necrosectomy has evolved as a more favorable approach. To date, a step-up treatment strategy is recommended, particularly when a plastic stent is selected as the drainage device. Multi-gateway endoscopic therapy may be used in a step-up fashion if only one stent fails to clear debris. Over many years, there has been an evolution in stent selection, from plastic to metallic stents. Within a few years of its clinical usage, lumen-apposing stents are gaining more popularity as they offer direct endoscopic necrosectomy and only require a few sessions.
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Unfortunately, a “Back Light System” As a Global Positioning System Failed to Guide the Route in 25-G Fine-Needle Aspiration
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Rungsun Rerknimitr, Phonthep Angsuwatcharakon
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Clin Endosc 2019;52(4):295-296. Published online July 30, 2019
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2019.104
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- The Association of “GOOP” on Gross Examination of Fine Needle Aspiration Samples and On-Site Adequacy
Nikhil Meena, Thaddeus Bartter, Roshen Mathew, Abhishek Kumar, Winnie Elma Roy, Sunil Kumar Kakadia, Maggie Machiarella Respiration.2022; 101(1): 63. CrossRef
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Bimodal Chromoendoscopy with Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy for the Detection of Early Esophageal Squamous Cell Neoplasms
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Piyapan Prueksapanich, Thanawat Luangsukrerk, Rapat Pittayanon, Anapat Sanpavat, Rungsun Rerknimitr
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Clin Endosc 2019;52(2):144-151. Published online October 5, 2018
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2018.091
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Abstract
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- Background
/Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of dual-focus narrow-band imaging (dNBI) and Lugol’schromoendoscopy (LCE) combined with probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) to screen for esophageal squamous cell neoplasms (ESCNs) in patients with a history of head and neck cancer.
Methods From March to August 2016, dNBI was performed. Next, LCE was performed, followed by pCLE and biopsy. Histology has historically been the gold standard to diagnose ESCN. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of dNBI and LCE adjunct with pCLE were determined.
Results Twenty-four patients were included. Ten ESCNs were found in 8 patients (33%). Forty percent of high-graded intraepithelial neoplasias and all low-grade intraepithelial neoplasias were overlooked by dNBI. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of dNBI vs. LCE combined with pCLE were 50% vs. 80%, 62% vs. 67%, 36% vs. 44%, 75% vs. 91%, and 83% vs. 70%, respectively.
Conclusions The use of dNBI to detect ESCN was suboptimal. LCE with pCLE following dNBI had additional value for detecting esophageal dysplasia not detected by dNBI. The use of pCLE to detect dNBI-missed lesions yielded a high NPV, while pCLE-guided biopsy could reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies.
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- Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy for Detection of Early Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer
Wei Han, Rui Kong, Nan Wang, Wen Bao, Xinli Mao, Jie Lu Cancers.2023; 15(3): 776. CrossRef - Usefulness of Probe-Based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy for Esophageal Squamous Cell Neoplasm
Sang Kil Lee Clinical Endoscopy.2019; 52(2): 91. CrossRef - Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy as a Guidance Tool for Pleural Biopsies in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Lizzy Wijmans, Paul Baas, Thomas E. Sieburgh, Daniel M. de Bruin, Petra M. Ghuijs, Marc J. van de Vijver, Peter I. Bonta, Jouke T. Annema Chest.2019; 156(4): 754. CrossRef
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