A 17-year-old man was diagnosed as Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) because of pigmented lip and multiple gastrointestinal polyps. He had anemia and underwent polypectomy on the duodenum and colon. His maternal family members were patients with PJS. His mother used to be screened with endoscopy to remove large polyps. One and half years later, he underwent jejunal segmental resection due to intussusceptions. He underwent endoscopic polypectomy every 2 to 3 years. When he was 23 years old, high-grade dysplasia was found in colonic polyp and his mother underwent partial pancreatectomy due to intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma. When he was 27 years old, diffuse gastric polyps on the greater curvature of corpus expanded and grew. Therefore, wide endoscopic polypectomy was done. Histological examination revealed focal intramucosal carcinoma and low-grade dysplasia in hamartomatous polyps. We report cases of cancers occurred in first-degree relatives with PJS.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Familial and hereditary gastric cancer, an overview
  Fátima Carneiro
  Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology.2022; 58-59: 101800.     CrossRef
• Small bowel intussusception and concurrent sigmoid polyp with malignant transformation in Peutz–Jeghers syndrome
  Maidah Algarni, Enas Raml, Nora Trabulsi, Mohammed Nassif
  Journal of Surgical Case Reports.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The first European family with gastric adenocarcinoma and proximal polyposis of the stomach: case report and review of the literature
  Rudolf Repak, Darina Kohoutova, Miroslav Podhola, Stanislav Rejchrt, Marek Minarik, Lucie Benesova, Michal Lesko, Jan Bures
  Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2016; 84(4): 718.     CrossRef
• Gastric Hamartomatous Polyps—Review and Update
  Monika Vyas, Xiu Yang, Xuchen Zhang
  Clinical Medicine Insights: Gastroenterology.2016; 9: CGast.S38452.     CrossRef
• Giant rectal polyp prolapse in an adult patient with the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
  Ana Delfina Cano-Contreras, Arturo Meixueiro-Daza, Peter Grube-Pagola, Jose Maria Remes-Troche
  BMJ Case Reports.2016; : bcr2016215629.     CrossRef
• Prevention Strategies for Gastric Cancer: A Global Perspective
  Jin Young Park, Lawrence von Karsa, Rolando Herrero
  Clinical Endoscopy.2014; 47(6): 478.     CrossRef

Colonic lipoma, a very rare form of benign tumor, is typically detected incidentally in asymptomatic patients. The size of lipoma is reported variously from 2 mm to 30 cm, with higher likelihood of symptoms as the size is bigger. Cases with symptom or bigger lesion are surgically resected in principle; endoscopic resection, which has developed recently with groundbreaking advance of endoscopic excision technology, is being used more often but with rare report of success due to high chance of complications such as bowel perforation or bleeding. The authors report here, together with a literature review, our experiences of three cases of giant colonic lipomas showing complete remission after aggressive unroofing technique, at certain intervals, using snare catheter at the origin of the lipoma so that the remaining lipoma could be drained out of the exposed surface spontaneously, in order to reduce complications.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Colonic intussusception from pedunculated colonic lipoma at hepatic flexure: A case report and review of current literature
  Richard Edmund Hogan, Ben Michael Murray, Michael Flanagan, Shane Brennan, Conor Shortt, Dara Kavanagh
  Surgery Case Reports.2024; 1: 100008.     CrossRef
• A giant colonic lipoma
  Tara M. Connelly, Cillian Clancy, Shaomin Hu, Joshua Sommovilla
  ANZ Journal of Surgery.2023; 93(1-2): 428.     CrossRef
• Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding from a large jejunal lipoma treated using an endoscopic unroofing technique with double balloon enteroscopy: a case study
  Reo Kobayashi, Ken Inoue, Ryohei Hirose, Toshifumi Doi, Akihito Harusato, Osamu Dohi, Naohisa Yoshida, Kazuhiko Uchiyama, Takeshi Ishikawa, Tomohisa Takagi, Hiroaki Yasuda, Hideyuki Konishi, Yukiko Morinaga, Yoshito Itoh
  Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 16(1): 32.     CrossRef
• Endoscopic debulking of a large colonic lipoma causing recurrent intussusception using endoscopic mucosotomy technique
  Jenson Phung, Morgan Freeman, Mohammad Bilal
  Endoscopy.2023; 55(S 01): E817.     CrossRef
• Large colonic lipoma with a laterally spreading tumor treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection: A case report
  Jun Yong Bae, Hun Kyu Kim, Yee Jin Kim, Se Woong Kim, Youngeun Lee, Chang Beom Ryu, Moon Sung Lee
  World Journal of Clinical Cases.2023; 11(26): 6194.     CrossRef
• Observation of the drainage process of the residual lipoma after endoscopic unroofing technique during colonoscopic evaluation of post-procedural hematochezia
  Yi-Ling Ko, Hiroki Matsuoka, Ryohei Nomaru, So Imakiire, Hideto Sakisaka, Satoshi Matsuoka, Nobuaki Kuno, Koichi Abe, Sadahiro Funakoshi, Yusuke Ishida, Hideki Ishibashi, Kaori Koga, Tetsuhiro Saito, Morishige Takeshita, Fumihito Hirai
  Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology.2022; 15(2): 407.     CrossRef
• Spontaneous expulsion of a duodenal lipoma after endoscopic biopsy: A case report
  Zhi-Hao Chen, Li-Hong Lv, Wen-Sheng Pan, Yi-Miao Zhu
  World Journal of Gastroenterology.2022; 28(34): 5086.     CrossRef
• Unusual case of lipoma sigmoid colon
  Shivam Sharma, Subhash Chawla, Naveen Yadav, Sangeet Manchanda
  Medical Journal of Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth.2022; 15(5): 767.     CrossRef
• Pedunculated sigmoid lipoma causing colo-colonic intussusception
  Kenneth Ford, Samantha Lopez, Gaurav Synghal, Yomi Fayiga, Brittany Carter, Anuj Kandel, Kenneth Ford
  Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings.2021; 34(3): 371.     CrossRef
• Colonoscopic resection of giant colonic lipoma causing subacute large bowel obstruction
  Amy Donovan, Sandun Abeyasundara, Hajir Nabi
  ANZ Journal of Surgery.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
• COLON LIPOMA COMPLICATED BY COLON INVAGINATION
  U. B. Urmonov, S. G. Afanasyev, A. Yu. Dobrodeev, A. V. Avgustinovich, M. Yu. Volkov, N. V. Vasiliev, E. N. Samtsov
  Grekov's Bulletin of Surgery.2020; 178(6): 63.     CrossRef
• Endoscopic treatment of large symptomatic colon lipomas: A systematic review of efficacy and safety
  Michiel Bronswijk, Anne‐Marie Vandenbroucke, Peter Bossuyt
  United European Gastroenterology Journal.2020; 8(10): 1147.     CrossRef
• Endoscopic resection of giant colon lipomas: get rid of the roof!
  Michiel Bronswijk
  VideoGIE.2019; 4(7): 341.     CrossRef
• Submucosal lipoma of the sigmoid colon as a rare cause of mucoid diarrhea: a case report
  S. U. B. Dassanayake, N. P. Dinamithra, N. M. M. Nawarathne
  Journal of Medical Case Reports.2016;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Endoscopic resection of giant GI lipoma: a case series
  Diane Lorenzo, Jean Michel Gonzalez, Alban Benezech, Marc Barthet
  VideoGIE.2016; 1(2): 43.     CrossRef
• Two Patients with Large Colonic Lipomas for which Endoscopic Unroofing was Ineffective
  Yuichi Tomiki, Koichiro Niwa, Kiichi Nagayasu, Yu Okazawa, Shingo Ito, Ryosuke Ichikawa, Hisashi Ro, Shun Ishiyama, Kiichi Sugimoto, Kazuhiro Sakamoto
  Case Reports in Gastroenterology.2016; 10(3): 538.     CrossRef
• Colonoscopy‐assisted laparoscopic resection of an obstructing ‘giant’ lipoma of the transverse colon
  B. Asantha De Silva, Raeed Deen, Wasantha K. Wijenayake
  ANZ Journal of Surgery.2015; 85(10): 785.     CrossRef
• Unroofing Technique as an Option for the Endoscopic Treatment of Giant Gastrointestinal Lipomas
  Marcela Kopáčová, Stanislav Rejchrt, Jan Bureš
  Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic).2015; 58(4): 115.     CrossRef
• Large “pedunculated” colonic lipoma: A word of caution while cutting into fat!
  Syed Adnan Mohiuddin, Saad Al Kaabi, Ragesh Babu Thandassery, Khalid Mohsin Al Ejji, Nazeeh Al Dweik, Emran Amir, Manik Sharma
  Indian Journal of Gastroenterology.2014; 33(6): 571.     CrossRef

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-induced complications, once occurred, can lead to significant morbidity. Commonly 5% to 10% of patients experience procedure related complications such as post-ERCP pancreatitis, biliary hemorrhage, and cholangitis, in descending order. However, complications such as perforation, pneumothorax, air embolism, splenic injury, and basket impaction are rare but are associated with high mortality if occurred. Such unexpected unusual complications might extend the length of hospitalization, require urgent surgical intervention, and put the patient in miserable condition leading to permanent disability or mortality. Although these ERCP-induced complications can be minimized by a skilled operator using advanced techniques and devices, the occurrence of unusual complications are hard to expect and induce very difficult management condition. In this review, we will focus on the uncommon complications related to ERCP. This review is also aimed at suggesting optimal endoscopic treatment strategies for several complications based on our institutional experiences.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Cystic duct disimpaction for acute cholecystitis in the high-risk cholecystectomy patient: Case report
  Humzah Iqbal, Aalam Sohal, Kanana Aburayyan, Bandhul Hans, Juliana Yang
  SAGE Open Medical Case Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Emergency digital cholangioscopy-assisted electrohydraulic lithotripsy for basket impaction with an entrapped bile duct stone
  Akane Hara, Kosuke Minaga, Yasuo Otsuka, Hidekazu Tanaka, Mamoru Takenaka, Masatoshi Kudo
  Endoscopy International Open.2024; 12(02): E271.     CrossRef
• A Study on the Spectrum of Imaging Findings of Post-ERCP-Specific Complications: A Retrospective Descriptive Study
  Ruchira Mukherji, Manoj Gopinath
  Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging.2024; 34(03): 422.     CrossRef
• Management of ERCP complications
  Partha Pal, Mohan Ramchandani
  Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology.2024; 69: 101897.     CrossRef
• Outcomes of ERCP in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis
  Salman Haider, Daryl Ramai, Saira Shah, Nayna D. Riyat, Marco Spadaccini, Saurabh Chandan, Marcello Maida, Asad Ur Rehman, Monique T. Barakat
  Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Increased ERCP-related adverse event from premature urgent ERCP following symptom onset in acute biliary pancreatitis with cholangitis
  See Young Lee, Sang Ho Park, Min Young Do, Dong Ki Lee, Sung Ill Jang, Jae Hee Cho
  Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Predicting acute complications in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography based on the severity and onset of post-procedural pain
  Fardad Ejtehadi, Iraj Shahramian, Mojtaba Khademi Befrouei, Gholam Reza Sivandzadeh, Seyed Alireza Taghavi, Ramin Niknam, Masoud Tahani
  Egyptian Liver Journal.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Prophylactic cholecystectomy offers best outcomes following ERCP clearance of common bile duct stones: a meta-analysis
  Gearóid Mc Geehan, Conor Melly, Niall O’ Connor, Gary Bass, Shahin Mohseni, Magda Bucholc, Alison Johnston, Michael Sugrue
  European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery.2023; 49(5): 2257.     CrossRef
• Subcapsular Biloma following Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography and Endoscopic Biliary Sphincterotomy: A Case Report with a Mini Review of Literature
  Natalia Valeria Pentara, Aristidis Ioannidis, Georgios Tzikos, Leonidas Kougias, Eleni Karlafti, Angeliki Chorti, Despoina Tsalkatidou, Antonios Michalopoulos, Daniel Paramythiotis
  Diagnostics.2023; 13(5): 831.     CrossRef
• HEMATOMA POST-ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY. AN ANALYSIS OF THREE CASES
  Sandra Díez Ruiz, Irene Latras Cortés, Sandra Borrego Rivas, Víctor Blázquez Ávila, Marcos Jiménez Palacios, Rubén Díez Rodríguez, Jesús Espinel Díez, Francisco Jorquera Plaza
  Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Gas spread following endoscopic sphincterotomy: Challenging diagnosis and management: A case reports
  Asma Sghaier, Khalil Fradi, Amine El Ghali, Khaireddine Dhouioui, Fehmi Hamila, Sabri Youssef
  International Journal of Surgery Case Reports.2023; 108: 108487.     CrossRef
• Gas Embolism After a Patient's Ninth ERCP Procedure
  Helal Said Ahmad, Sari Anne Cohen, Tawfik Khoury, Riad Tome, Haitam Zeibak, Wisam Abboud, Amir Mari
  ACG Case Reports Journal.2023; 10(8): e01124.     CrossRef
• ERCP in patients over 90 years old: Safety and efficacy comparison with a younger cohort
  Ana E Colmenero Gargari, Fernando E Melgar Somoza, Jorge Vera, Carlos G Micames
  Endoscopy International Open.2023; 11(09): E893.     CrossRef
• Endoscopic management of upper gastrointestinal perforations, leakage and fistula
  Hee Seok Moon
  Journal of Innovative Medical Technology.2023; 1(1): 15.     CrossRef
• Rare post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography complications: Can we avoid them?
  Marta Aleksandra Przybysz, Rafał Stankiewicz
  World Journal of Meta-Analysis.2022; 10(3): 122.     CrossRef
• Fatal Venous Gas Embolism During Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography After Simultaneous Deployment of 2 Self-Expandable Metallic Stents
  Justin Chuang, Rebecca Kuang, Ajit Ramadugu, Dipen Patel, Sachit Sharma, Kishan Shrestha, Jordan Burlen, Ali Nawras
  ACG Case Reports Journal.2022; 9(10): e00873.     CrossRef
• Best practices for prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis
  Simcha Weissman, Mohamed Ahmed, Matthew R Baniqued, Dean Ehrlich, James H Tabibian
  World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2021; 13(6): 161.     CrossRef
• Nonsurgical rescue after basket-stone impaction by endoscopic cutting of a metallic lithotripter and laser lithotripsy
  Toshiaki Terauchi, Satoshi Shinozaki, Masazumi Inoue, Alan Kawarai Lefor, Hiroharu Shinozaki
  VideoGIE.2021; 6(9): 416.     CrossRef
• Splenic laceration following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: A literature review and our experience
  Kan Wang, Yanfei Fang, Aihua Huang, Min Gao
  Laparoscopic, Endoscopic and Robotic Surgery.2020; 3(3): 80.     CrossRef
• Gallstone Dislodgement in the Airway during ERCP: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
  Hisham Hurreiz, Amira Babikir, Edward Black
  Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine.2020; 2020: 1.     CrossRef
• Experiencia de cinco años en el manejo de pacientes con alto riesgo de coledocolitiasis
  Josué Israel  Olivares del Moral, José Augusto  Rodríguez Osuna, Danyel  Chávez Fernández, José Cruz  De la Torre Gonzáles, Ramiro  Gómez-Arámbulo,  Efrén  Flores-Álvarez, José de Jesús Marín-López
  Revista Mexicana de Cirugía Endoscópica.2020; 21(1): 26.     CrossRef
• Retracted: Endoscopic Treatment of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography-Related Duodenal Perforations
  Ding Shi, Jian feng Yang, Yong pan Liu
  Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques.2019; 29(3): 385.     CrossRef
• Complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: an imaging review
  Dinesh Manoharan, Deep Narayan Srivastava, Arun Kumar Gupta, Kumble Seetharama Madhusudhan
  Abdominal Radiology.2019; 44(6): 2205.     CrossRef
• COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF RADIcitation_listOGICAL IMAGING RESULTS OF CHcitation_listEDOCHcitation_listITHIASIS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CALCULOUS CHcitation_listECYSTITIS
  V. I. Kolomiytsev, O. M. Terletskiy, M. M. Bufan
  Bulletin of Problems Biology and Medicine.2019; 2.1(150): 236.     CrossRef
• Intrahepatic subcapsular biloma after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography treated by endoscopic biliary drainage
  Hiroaki Igarashi, Hiroko Yamashita, Kiyoshi Tsuchiya, Dai Sugimoto, Itsuro Ogata
  Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology.2018; 11(2): 167.     CrossRef
• Embolía pulmonar aérea secundaria a colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica en una paciente con trasplante hepático. Reporte de caso.
  Gustavo Adolfo Reyes, Renzo Pinto Carta, Fernando Sierra Arango, Luis Felipe Cabrera Vargas
  Revista Colombiana de Gastroenterología.2018; 33(4): 464.     CrossRef
• Cerebral air embolism after ERCP
  Sonia Trabanco, Sara Pardo, Mónica Williams, Javier Diaz, Cristina Ruiz
  Journal of Clinical Anesthesia.2017; 36: 133.     CrossRef
• Bilateral Pneumothoraces as a Complication of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
  Douglas E. Rappaport, Joshua J. Solano, Jonathan A. Edlow
  The Journal of Emergency Medicine.2017; 52(4): 573.     CrossRef
• Cholangitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a rare complication?
  Armando Peixoto, Marco Silva, Guilherme Macedo
  Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Training in Endoscopy: Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
  Jaihwan Kim
  Clinical Endoscopy.2017; 50(4): 334.     CrossRef
• The role of endoscopic ultrasound in children with Pancreatobiliary and gastrointestinal disorders: a single center series and review of the literature
  Alessandro Fugazza, Barbara Bizzarri, Federica Gaiani, Marco Manfredi, Alessia Ghiselli, Pellegrino Crafa, Maria Clotilde Carra, Nicola de’Angelis, Gian Luigi de’Angelis
  BMC Pediatrics.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
• ERCP–Related Duodenal Perforation; The Prevention and Management
  Hong Ja Kim, Seon Mee Park
  Korean Journal of Pancreas and Biliary Tract.2016; 21(2): 61.     CrossRef
• Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: expected post-procedural findings and adverse events
  Tarek N. Hanna, Saurabh Rohatgi, Haris N. Shekhani, Fatima Shahid, Vijayanadh Ojili, Faisal Khosa
  Emergency Radiology.2016; 23(5): 503.     CrossRef
• Recent Advanced Endoscopic Management of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Related Duodenal Perforations
  Seon Mee Park
  Clinical Endoscopy.2016; 49(4): 376.     CrossRef
• Complications of ERCP
  Rupjyoti Talukdar
  Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology.2016; 30(5): 793.     CrossRef
• Parenchymal Guidewire Perforation during ERCP: An Unappreciated Injury
  M. Ezzedien Rabie, Saad Al Faris, Ali Nasser, Abdul Aziz Shahir, Yasser Al Mahdi, Mansour Youssef Al Asmari
  Case Reports in Surgery.2015; 2015: 1.     CrossRef
• Retroperitoneales Emphysem nach endoskopischer retrograder Cholangiopankreatikographie
  T. Vowinkel, N. Senninger
  Der Chirurg.2015; 86(5): 462.     CrossRef
• Duodenal Perforations After Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
  María Desirée Armas Ojeda, Vanesa Ojeda Marrero, Cristina Roque Castellano, José Carlos Cabrera Marrero, María del Pino Mathías Gutierrez, Daniel Ceballos Santos, Joaquín Marchena Gómez
  Cirugía Española (English Edition).2015; 93(6): 403.     CrossRef
• Perforaciones duodenales tras colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica
  María Desirée Armas Ojeda, Vanesa Ojeda Marrero, Cristina Roque Castellano, José Carlos Cabrera Marrero, María del Pino Mathías Gutierrez, Daniel Ceballos Santos, Joaquín Marchena Gómez
  Cirugía Española.2015; 93(6): 403.     CrossRef
• Huge biloma after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy
  Harith M. Alkhateeb, Thaer J. Aljanabi, Khairallh H. Al-azzawi, Taha A. Alkarboly
  International Journal of Surgery Case Reports.2015; 16: 7.     CrossRef
• Cross-sectional imaging of common and unusual complications after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
  Massimo Tonolini, Alessandra Pagani, Roberto Bianco
  Insights into Imaging.2015; 6(3): 323.     CrossRef
• Acute Air Embolism during Retrograde Cholangiography for Postoperative Recurrent Cholangitis Due to Intraductal Residual Meals after Choledochoduodenostomy
  Osamu Miyoshi, Shu Nakano
  The Japanese Journal of Gastroenterological Surger.2015; 48(5): 463.     CrossRef
• Early endoscopic ultrasonography in acute biliary pancreatitis: A prospective pilot study
  Andrea Anderloni
  World Journal of Gastroenterology.2015; 21(36): 10427.     CrossRef
• ERCP-induced duodenal perforation successfully treated with endoscopic purse-string suture: a case report
  Quanpeng Li, Jie Ji, Fei Wang, Xianxiu Ge, Junjie Nie, Boming Xu, Xiuhua Zhang, Guobing Jiang, Lin Miao
  Oncotarget.2015; 6(19): 17847.     CrossRef
• Development of a swine bile duct dilation model using endoclips or a detachable snare under cap-assisted endoscopy
  Jin-Seok Park, Chang-Il Kwon, Seok Jeong, Kwangil Kim, Jong Ho Moon, Don Haeng Lee
  Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2014; 80(2): 325.     CrossRef
• Rare and underappreciated complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
  Ji Young Bang, Gregory A. Coté
  Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2014; 16(4): 195.     CrossRef
• Air Embolism after Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in a Patient with Budd Chiari Syndrome
  Beatriz Wills-Sanin, Yenny R. Cárdenas, Lucas Polanco, Oscar Rivero, Sebastian Suarez, Andrés F. Buitrago
  Case Reports in Critical Care.2014; 2014: 1.     CrossRef
• Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-related perforation: Management and prevention
  Varayu Prachayakul
  World Journal of Clinical Cases.2014; 2(10): 522.     CrossRef
• Emergencies after endoscopic procedures
  Carla Rolanda, Ana C. Caetano, Mário Dinis-Ribeiro
  Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology.2013; 27(5): 783.     CrossRef
• Endoscopic Treatments of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography-Related Duodenal Perforations
  Tae Hoon Lee, Joung-Ho Han, Sang-Heum Park
  Clinical Endoscopy.2013; 46(5): 522.     CrossRef