Clinical Endoscopy

계획된 일정에 의한 식도정맥류 경화요법의 필용성 ( A Comparison of Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy on Bleeding Episodes and of Planned Regular Interval for Bleeding Esophageal Varices ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1993;13(1):1-9. Published online November 30, 1992

Abstract PDF: The Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy(EIS) has been widely adopted as a primary treatment for acute hemorrhage from esophageal varices. The long term repeated EIS could achieve esophageal variceal obliteration which has been regarded as the endpoint of sclerotherapy by many authors. Several studies showed that repeated EIS improved the long-term survival, and reduced the bleeding episodes. However, in recent prospective randomized trials, the frequency of bleeding was not reduced and even increasd without improvement of survival in patients undergoing prophylactic sclerotherapy.

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내시경적 정맥류 결찰요법후에 생긴 폐쇄성 식도혈종 1예 ( A Case of Obstructive Esophageal Hematoma after Endoscopic Variceal Ligation ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1993;13(1):11-14. Published online November 30, 1992

Abstract PDF: Endoscopic variceal ligation(EVL) is an accepted alternatives to endoscopic injection sclero- therapy(EIS) in many patients with bleeding esophageal varices. Esophageal hematoma is rare and an unusual complication after EVL or EIS. We present a patient with liver cirrhosis who developed an obstructive esophageal hematoma after EVL.

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각종 식도협착에 대한 풍선 확장술의 치료 효과 ( The Role of Endoscopic Balloon Dilation in the Treatment of Esophageal Strictures ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1993;13(1):15-19. Published online November 30, 1992

Abstract PDF: We evaluated the role of endoseopic balloon dilatation for esophageal strictures caused by postoperative anastomosis in 5 cases, sclerotherapy in 4 cases, caustic injury in 6 cases, and malignancy in 16 cases. The success rate of balloon dilatation was 100% in postoperative anastomotic and post-scle- rotherapy strictures, 16.7% in caustic stricture, and 62.5% in malignant stricture. The addition of bougienage increased the final success rate of dilatation therapy from 16.7 to 66.7% in caustic stricture, and 62.5 to 93.8% in malignant stricture. The overall one-year recurrence rate in benign stricture was 34.5%. All of the recurrent strictures were successfully retreated by balloon dilatation. In conclusion, endoscopic balloon dilatation is a safe, effective, and easy method for the management of benign esophageal strictures except longstanding caustic stricture, and can be used as an auxiliary therapy prior to more definitive treatments such as esophageal intubation in malignant stricture.

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식도암의 임상적 고찰 ( Clinical Analysis of Cancer of the Esophagus ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1993;13(1):21-30. Published online November 30, 1992

Abstract PDF: Despite significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of various malignancies, the management of esophageal cancer remains one of the least responsive malignancies, Unfortunately complete excision of the tumor is impossible, because expandable anatomic structures are involved early when the diagnosis is made. (continue...)

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악성 식도협착에서의 금속제 확장형 UltraflexTM 인공식도삽관술 ( Self - Expanding UltraflexTM Esophageal Prosthesis of Malignant Esophageal Stenosis ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1993;13(1):31-35. Published online November 30, 1992

Abstract PDF: Endoscopic intubation is well established as a cheap, fast and durable procedure for palliation of malignant dysphagia. However, the placement of conventional esophageal endopros-thesis is difficult in some cases and this procedure is associated with significant complications such as perforation, hemorrhage and dysfunetion of the prosthesis in the long term. The self-expanding metallic stents offer an attractive alternative to conventional esophageal stents. These can be compressed into and inserted through a small lumen catheter, making placement easier, safer and less painful to patients. But, open mesh of self-expanding metallic stent such as Wallstent allows tumor ingrowth, unfinished wire ends can lead to perforation and bleeding, and immense stent shortening makes precise positioning difficult. Inflammatory response at site of the metal strut, difficulty in retrieving prostheses that place and very expensiveness in cost-benefit analysis are also problems. Recently developed Ultraflex" esophageal prosthesis is knitted from single strand of Elastalloy' wire, undulates to conform with normal esophageal peristalsis, maintaining patency and promoting patient comfort. Unlike other metallic stent that have sharp, bare-wire ends, the Ultraflex' Stent has smooth looped ends, with Teco-flex coating, which provide an atraumatic transition from the stent to the esophageal wall. We experienced a case of a 60-year old male with malignant stenosis of esophageal cancer in whom Ultraflex esophageal prosthesis was implanted with successful oral nutrition.

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복강경을 이용한 양성 식도 협착증 치험 례 ( Endoscopic Surgery for a Benign Esophageal Stensosis without open Thoracotomy ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1993;13(1):37-39. Published online November 30, 1992

Abstract PDF: Surgery for a mid-esophageal lesion requires an open thoracotomy, But authors resected out a stenotic thoracic esphageal lesion with laparoscopic instrument without open thoracotomy. The patient was 50 years old woman with a long history of progressive dyaphagia. A small (3 cm in diameter) smooth ovoid submucosal mass lesion was found at 26 cm distal from incisor on both esophagoscopy and esophagogram. Two 5 mm and two 10 mm trocars were inserted into the right pleural cavity under general anesthesia with double lumen endotracheal tube, An induced pneumothorax by insuffulation of CO2 gas made lung collapse and a good exposure of esophagus. Transorally introduced esophagoscope helped to demonstrate the exact location of lesion and also to give a guide at safe excision of mass with prevention of mucosal perforation. The lesion was found to be a congromeration of an inflammed hilar lympnode and hypertorphic esophageal muscle. The entire lesion was carefully dissected from esphageal mucosa and resected out en bloc. A chest tube was introduced through a trocar site. The lung was reinflated immediately. Post-operatively patient was very comfortable. Laparoscopic surgery is very effective and safe, and it could be applied for the resection of lung bullae, benign pulmonary neoplasm and for an excision of benign esophageal tumor.

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위근육층에 발생한 이소성 췌장 1예 ( A Case of Heterotopic Pancreas within the Gastric Proper Muscle Layer ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1993;13(1):41-44. Published online November 30, 1992

Abstract PDF: Heteratopic or ectopic pancreas is found in 0.5% to 13% autopsy series and also found one in approximately every 500 operations in abdominal surgery. The mast common sites are stomach (esp, greater curvature of the antrum), duodenum and proximal jejunum. Many ar most of these lesions do not cause clinical symptoms and the symptoms with heterotopie pancreas are nonspecific. When it produces complication(hemorrhage, pancreatitis, pyloric or CBD obstruction, pseudocyst, cancer etc.), the symytoms depend on the site of lesion, the size of mass, and the primary pathologic processes occurring within the heterotopic pancreatic tissue. Gaetrofiberoscopy revealed a small round, submucosal projection with a central niche or umblication, but this characteristic umbilication is not always present. The lesions are frequently confused with polyp, leiomyoma, intramural neoplasm, gastric ulcer and early gastric cancer, The tumors are predominantly intramural masses; 75 percent are submuicosal and the others are either intrsmuscular or subserosal. We have recently experienced a case of heterotopic pancreas on the antrum of greater curvature of stomach in 54-year-old man, who visited our hospital for melena. Gastrofiberoscopy revealed a 2 x 2 cm sized submucosal mass without bleeding focus and local excision was performed. Histologic finding showed a pancreatic acini within the gastric poper muscle layer.

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이중유문 ( Double Pylorus ) - 선 , 후천적 이중유문 증례보고와 그 문헌적 고찰 - ( Two case reports and review of the literature ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1993;13(1):45-49. Published online November 30, 1992

Abstract PDF: The double pylorus-is a fistulous communication between the gastric antrum and duodenal bulb, usually extending from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the superior aspect of the duodenal bulb, and seperated by septum or bridge of normal mucosa. Although its incidence is rare, reports concerning double pylorus are increasing with the recent development of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and more awareness of this abnormality. We recently experienced two cases of double pylorus; an aquired one in 72-year old male who had an another opening with healing ulcer at the superior aspect of the original pyloric channel, central erosion with clubbing and fusion of mucosal folds at the greater curvature of the lower body and a 3 x 4 cm sized ulcer at the lesser curvature of the lower body, and the other congenital one in 53-year old male who had an another opening at the superior aspect of the original pyloric channel with histologically intact muscularis mucosa in the pyloric septum with no evidence of chronic peptic ulcer scarring. We report here two cases of double pylorus, one-acquired, and the other-congenital, with a review of the literature.

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위장의 용종 제거에 쓰이는 여러가지 방법의 비교 연구 ( Comparative Study of Gastric Polypectomy by Various Methods ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1993;13(1):51-56. Published online November 30, 1992

Abstract PDF: The gastric polyps may be premalignant lesions and they should be removed as possible. The gastric polyps can be remoued by various endoscopic methods. The safety and therapeutic effectiveness of snare polypectomy, neodymium YAG laser therapy and electrocutery were compared in a total number of 106 patients who were diagnosed as benign polyps by means of endoscopic biopsy.Safety was evaluated by the rate of complications such as perforation and bleeding, and therapeutic effectiveness was evaluated by the average numbers of treatment session of each modality. Average numbers of treatment session of snare polypectomy, laser therapy and electrocautery were 1.04, 1.38 and l.44, respectively. Average numbers of treatment session of snare polypectomy were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those of other two methods. Perforation was not occurred in any group. Bleeding rates after snare polypectomy, laser therapy and electrocautery were 17.4%, 1.0% and 3.8%, respectively. Bleeding was significantly (p<0,05) more frequent after snare polypectomy than after other two methods. In conclusion therapeutic effectiveness was best in snare polypectomy but complication was most frequent after snare polypectomy. There was no difference between laser therapy and electrocautery for therapeutic effectiveness and safety. Therfore, laser therapy and electrocautery caa be used for the removal of flat adenoma, alternatively.

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편평형 위선종의 내시경적 치료 및 경과 관찰 ( Endoscopic Treatment of Gastric Flat Adenoma : A Follow-up Study ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1993;13(1):57-60. Published online November 30, 1992

Abstract PDF: We evaluated the role of endoscopic laser therapy and strip biopsy in the treatment of gastric flat adenoma. Over a period of three years, l6 adenomas in 13 patients were ablated with laser irradiation, while 10 adenomas in 7 patients were removed with strip biopsy. The size of adenomas, which ranged from 0.5 cm to 3.5 cm in diameter(mean 1.7 cm) showed no significant difference between the two treatment groups. All of the adenomas were successfully treated with either method and no complications occurred such as bleeding or perforation. The overall one-year recurrence rate was 6.2%. The recurrent adenoma was retreated successfully. We conclude that both endoscopic laser therapy and strip biopsy are safe and effective modalities in the treatment of gastric flat adenoma, but strip biopay may be preferred over laser therapy because the former enables us to examine the resected specimen.

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위평활근종에 의한 위 천공 1예 ( A Case with Perforated Gastric Leiomyoma ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1993;13(1):61-64. Published online November 30, 1992

Abstract PDF: Gastric leiomyomas, which arise from smooth muscle tissue, are the most common non-epi- thelial tumors occurring in the stomach. This tumor is most commonly found incidentally at surgery or autopsy. The incidence of the leiomyoma is about 1-3% of all gastric tumors and sex distribution is equal. We have recently experienced a 59-year-old housewife who had epigastric pain and soreness of one month's duration. Physical examination disclosed tenderness with palpated mass in the left upper quadrant. Gastrofiberscopic finding revealed esophageal diverticulum in the mid-esophagus and 2 x 2 x 1 cm sized submucosal intramural mass with centrally depressed umbilication through ulcerative change on the greater curvature of lower body. Within the umbilication, there were food materials and blood clots. The sleeve segmental resection of stomach was performed. The histopathologic and post operative findings were atypical leiomyoma, perforated with abscess formation to the omentum.

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내시경으로 진단된 위의 전이성 맥락막 악성흑색종 1예 ( A Case of Gastric Metastasis of Malignant Melanoma Diagnosed by Gastroscopy ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1993;13(1):65-67. Published online November 30, 1992

Abstract PDF: Gastric metastasis occurs in about 0.7% to 1.7%, of patients dying of solid tumors of extragastrointestinal origin. Metastatic disease involving the stomach is an unusual and difficult clinical problem and presenting symptoms include nonspecific epigastric pain and melena. In most cases of gastric metastasis, the histologic finding of the gastroscopic biopsy suggests the correct diagnosis. There are only a few reports of gastric metastasis from malignant melanoma. We report a case of malignat melanoma of gastric metastasis, which was diagnosed by gastroscopy.

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원발성 중복암 4예에 대한 보고 ( Four Cases of Double Primary Cancer ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1993;13(1):69-74. Published online November 30, 1992

Abstract PDF: Double primary cancer is defined as the case of primary malignant tumors in one person, which must be arisen in different sites and have a different histologic appearances in each other. The number of reported cases of multiple primary malignant tumors has increased in recent years, because of more developed diagnostic procedure and long survival of cancer patients, We have experienced 4 cases of double primary malignant tumors which were stomach cancer with colon, bronchus and esophagus cancer, and report these cases with review of literatures.

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십이지장 구부로 이상 개구한 췌담도관 1예 ( Anomalous Drainage of the Common Bile Duct and Pancreatic Duct into the Duodenal Bulb ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1993;13(1):75-78. Published online November 30, 1992

Abstract PDF: While anomalies of the pancreaticobiliary system are not uncommon, drainage of the common bile duct into the bulb of the duodenum has rarely been reported. The awareness of ectopic drainage of the CBD is stressed to prevent surgical damage and improve medical management in this area. We reported one case of anomalous drainage of the CBD and pancreatic duct associated with nonvisible gallbladder or agenesis of gallbladder and cystic duct diagnosed by ERCP, ultrasonography and upper abdominal CT.

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십이지장에 발생한 크론병 1예 ( A Case of Crohn's Disease of the Duodenum ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1993;13(1):79-82. Published online November 30, 1992

Abstract PDF: Crohn's disease of the duodenum is a rare disorder that should be considered in patients with distal Crohn's disease in whom significant upper gastrointestinal symytoms develop. A combination of diagnostic tools, including attentive history taking.and appropriate radiographic and endoscopic studies, should be applied to make the diagnosis, Although not always confirmatory, careful histologic study if adequate biopsy material may be helpful. Medical treatment should be the treatment of choice for all patients with nonobstructing Crohn's disease of the duodenum and is similar to that of Crohn's disease elsewhere in the gastrointestinal tract. If obstruction develops, bypass surgery is indicated. We experienced a case of Crohn's disease of the duodenum and reported with the review of the literature.

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용종 절제술로 제거한 Brunneroma 1예 ( A Brunner's Gland Adenoma Removed by Endoscopic Polypectomy ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1993;13(1):83-86. Published online November 30, 1992

Abstract PDF: Brunner's gland adenoma(or Brunneroma) is clinically relevant tumor-like lesion of the duodenum which is composed of submucosal Brunner's gland tissue. Since the first case by autopsy was described by Cruveihier in l935, there have been less than 190 reports in the world literature, Brunner's gland adenoma is an extremely rare entity that accounts for only 10.6% of benign duodenal tumors, which are themselves relatively rare representing 0.008% of all surgical and autopsy specimens. The clinical manifestation of this tumor are non-specific gastrointestinal complaints, such as bloating or epigastric pain, and tumor often gives rise to melena or obstruction, It is postulated that this tumor are hamartomas rather than true neoplasm. However, they undergo rarely malignant transformation. We report on a case of a large pedunculated Brunner's gland adenoma, which was successfully polypectomized.

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경구적 담관내시경검사로 진단된 총간관 유두상 선암 1예 ( A Case of Papillary Adenocarcinoma of the Common Hepatic Duct Diagnosed by Peroral Choledochoscopy ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1993;13(1):87-90. Published online November 30, 1992

Abstract PDF: A 56-year-old man who had suffered from intermittent right upper quadrant abdominal pain for 6 months and jaundice for 2 months was admitted for evaluation. Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography showed filling defect which suggested tumor. Peroral choledo-choscopy was performed which showed polypoid tumor of the common hepatic duct and biopsy reported as papiilary adenocarcinoma. So segmental resection of the bile duct including removal of tumor with Roux-en Y hepaticojejunostomy was performed successfully.

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공장에 발생한 혈관이형성증 1예 ( A Case of Angiodysplasia in the Jejunum ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1993;13(1):91-94. Published online November 30, 1992

Abstract PDF: Angiodysplasia of the small bowel is an uncommon disorder in Korea, and is often found to be the cause of unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding. A 53-year-old male patient visited an emergeney room because of repeated melena and dizziness, He underwent selective superior mesenteric arterial angiography which revealed abnormal clusters of small arteries and early opacification of veins draining a segment of lower jejunum. An exploratory laparotomy was performed under the impression of angiodysplasia. An ulceration on the lower jejunum was found, and was resected. Subsequent jejunojejunostomy was performed. Histology of the resected specimen showed an irregularly dilated vessels in mucosa and submucosa.

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담낭 회충미입증 1예 - 증례 보고 - ( Gallbladder Ascariasis - A case report - ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1993;13(1):95-98. Published online November 30, 1992

Abstract PDF: Migration of roundworms, Ascaris lumbricoies, into the biliary tract is a relatively common cause of biliary symptoms in endemic areas, but the number of reported gallbladder ascariasis was scanty even in these areas. Some diagnostic methods might provide suggestive informations, but there are no pathognomonic clinical features for biliary ascariasis, so it is discovered usually after surgical exploration, which is especially the case of gallbladder ascariasis. A young female patient with 4 months' history of right upper quadrant pain which did not respond to medical control and was aggravated recently, presented normal level of peripheral blood leukocyte count with no eosinophilia, normal liver function test, normal serum amylase level and subjectively no febrile sense. Abdominal ultrasonogram disclosed a long, thick, linear, non-motile echogenic structure, not accompanied by acoustic shadowing, within the gallbladder. The intra-and extra-hepatic bile ducts were not dilated and the pancreas was revealed as normal echogenecity and contoru. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was performed immediately thereafter, and it showed a thin linear filling defect in the gallbladder. Cholecystectomy was performed under the impression of gallbladder ascariasis. A mummified Ascaris lumbricoides was found in the lumen of the gallbladder. There was no stones and the histologic examination of the gallbladder revealed chronic cholecystitis.

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내시경적 역행성 담 췌관 조영술에 대한 임상적 고찰 ( A Clinical Evaluation of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography ( ERCP ) ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1993;13(1):99-110. Published online November 30, 1992

Abstract PDF: To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of ERCP in pancreatobiliary disease, the authors analysed the 1,244 cases of ERCP. The success rate of ERCP was 91.5%. The diagnostic accuracy of ERCP was 93.6% and complications occurred in 2.1%. Complications included pancreatitis,cholangitis and drug reactions. Among the biliary tract disease diagnosed, by ERCP, biliary tract stone was the most common finding. Compared with operative diagnosis of biliary tract stones,the sensitivity of ERCP diagnosis was 92.7% while that of sonographic diagnosis was 81.4%. The specificity of ERCP diagnosis was 94.4% while that of sonagraphic diagnosis was 80.9%. ln the diagnosis of common bile duct stones, ERCP was more accurrate than sonographic diagnosis. The results show that ERCP was a safe and effective diagnostic tool in the assessment of pancreatobiliary tract disease.

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만성췌장염 환자에서 내시경적 췌관 유두괄약근 운동검사 ( Endoscopic Manometry of Pancreatic Duct Sphincter in Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1993;13(1):111-119. Published online November 30, 1992

Abstract PDF: The orifice of duodenal papilla is only about 1 mm in diameter. As much as 2,000 ml of bile and pancreatic juice pass through its sphincter zone into the duodenum each day. Since the sphincter of Oddi regulates the flow of bile and pancreatic juice, a disorder of the sphincter can disturb the smooth outflow of bile and pancreatic juice and produce secondary abnormalities in the biliary tract or the exocrine pancreas. (continue...)

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간흡충증의 내시경적 역행성 담도 조영술 소견 ( ERCP Findings In Hepatic Clonorchiasis ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1993;13(1):121-125. Published online November 30, 1992

Abstract PDF: An endoscopic retrograde cholangiographic study of 25 consecutive cases of hepatic clonorchiasis was performed during the period from Aug. 1986 to Sep. 1991 Hepatic clonorchiasis was confirmed by stool of examination for Clonorchis sinensis. The findings consist of characteristic filling defects and changes in the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. The filling defects due to adult worms are significant diagnostic criteria of clonorchiasis. Its appearance is elliptical and/or round. The change in the intrahepatic bile ducts consisits of dilatation, irregularity(tortousity and elongation) and blunting of termieal branches of bile tree, irregular stenosis, fuzziness and raggedness. The characteristic changes in the extrahepatic bile ducts in clonorchiasis are duct wall irregularities and mild dilatation of bile duct. ERCP is an excellent method to evaluate biliary tree in patient with clonorchiasis because it reveals not only its characteristic findings of clonorchiasis but also its severity and associated lesions.

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담낭 담관 누공을 동반한 Mirizzi 증후군 1예 ( A Case of Mirizzi Syndrome with Cholecystocholedochal Fistula ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1993;13(1):127-131. Published online November 30, 1992

Abstract PDF: Mirizzi syndrome is a so-called functional hepatic syndrome with obstruction of the common hepatic duct secondary to pressure from an impacted stone, either in the cystic duct or the neck of the gallbladder. Mirizzi syndrome is classified into two types based on endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatographic findings. Type I involves external compression of the common hepatic duct by a large stone impacted in the cystic duct or Hartmann's pouch. In type II, a chole-cystocholedochal fistul is present, caused by a calculus which has eroded partly or completely into the common bile duct. Gallstone obstruction of the cystic duct with resulting repeated attacks of inflammation and pressure necrosis leads to the formation of cholecystocholedochal fistulas. We experienced a 70-year-old female patient with Mirizzi syndrome type II, who complained of abdominal discomfort. ERCP revealed multiple filling defects in contracted gallbladder, which compressed lateral wall of common hepatic duct. Peroral cholangioscopy revealed an impacted stone at the neck of the gallbladder with neighboring mucosal erosions. She was treated under the diagnosis of Mirzzi syndrome type II by endoscopic biliary drainage and surgical operation.

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총담관낭종에서 발생한 담관암 1예 ( Cholangiocarcinoma Arising in Choledocal Cyst ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1993;13(1):133-136. Published online November 30, 1992

Abstract PDF: Choledochal cyst is a relatively rare disease entity considered to be a congenital cyatic dilatation of the common bile duct. Since occurrence of malignant tumor in choledochal cyet was firat reported by Irwin and Morrison in 1944, approximately 100 more cases of malignant tumors arising in congenital choledocal cyst have been reported in the world, and the risk of malignant tumor related to choledochal cyst have been reported 2.4-14%. Recently, we experienced a case of adenocarcinoma arising in choledochal cyst in 39 year-old woman who was diagnosed by ERCP and cholangioscopy with forceps biopsy, and was treated with en bloc resection of the choledochal cyst along with the pancreatic head and duodenum.

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Choledochocele 1예 ( A Case of Choledochocele ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1993;13(1):137-140. Published online November 30, 1992

Abstract PDF: A choledochocele is a benign cyst-like herniation of the intramural segment of the distal common bile duct protruding into the duodenal lumen. Cholangiography is essential to demonstrate a choledochocele. Because choledochoceles are often associated with characteristic structual alterations of the papilla of Vater and the peripapillary area, ERCP is helpful in demonstrating a choledochocele. We present the clinical, endoscopic and radiographic (ERCP) findings in a patient with choledochocele.

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Personal Reflections on the Current Therapy of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1993;13(1):151-155. Published online November 30, 1992

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제33회 대한소화기내시경학회 추계학술대회 / Symposium : Esophageal Endoprosthesis in Malignant Stricture: Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1993;13(1):157-169. Published online November 30, 1992

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제33회 대한소화기내시경학회 추계학술대회 / Symposium : Denudation of the Distal Esophageal Mucosa for Prevention of Recurrence of Esophageal Varices: Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1993;13(1):170-172. Published online November 30, 1992

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제33회 대한소화기내시경학회 추계학술대회 / Symposium : Endoscopic Management of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1993;13(1):173-175. Published online November 30, 1992

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제33회 대한소화기내시경학회 추계학술대회 / Symposium : Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy: Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1993;13(1):176-186. Published online November 30, 1992

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