This special May issue of Clinical Endoscopy discusses the tutorial contents dealing with either the diagnostic or therapeutic gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy that contain very fundamental and essential points in this filed. The seminar of Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (KSGE) had positioned as one of prime educational seminars covering the very beginner to advanced experts of GI endoscopy. Besides of four rooms allocated for each lecture, two additional rooms were open for either live demonstration or hands-on course, covering totally 20 sessions including one special lecture. Among these prestigious lectures, 12 lectures were selected for the current review articles in this special issue of Clinical Endoscopy journal. Basic course for beginner to advanced tips to expert were all covered in this seminar. This introductory review prepared by four associated editors of Clinical Endoscopy contained core contents divided into four sessions-upper gut, lower gut, pancreaticobiliary, and specialized topic session part-to enhance understandings not covered by enlisted review articles in this issue.

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• Upper GIS Endoscopy Indications of Patients Consulted at Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinics and Data Obtained According to These Indications
  Muhammed Tunc, Banu Boyuk, Osman Mavis
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• Introduction to Starting Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Proper Insertion, Complete Observation, and Appropriate Photographing
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Patient evaluation and preparation is the first and mandatory step to ensure safety and quality of endoscopic procedures. This begins and ends with identifying the patient, procedure type, and indication. Every patient has the right to be fully informed about risks and benefits of what is to be performed on them, and the medical personnel should respect the decision made by the patients. Thoroughly performed history taking and physical examination will guide the endoscopists to better stratify risk and plan sedation. Special attention should be given to higher-risk patients with higher-risk condition undergoing higher-risk procedures. Making preparations to monitor the patients and being ready to handle emergency situations throughout the endoscopic procedure are sine qua non to warrant safe endoscopy.

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• Challenges in procedural sedation and analgesia
  Šćepan Sinanović, Tanja Prodović, Olivera Milovanović, Saša Bubanj, Miljan Krstović, Srećko Potić, Jelena Sekulić, Danilo Jeremić
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• Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Performed by Gastroenterologists: Opportunistic Screening Strategy for Newly Diagnosed Head and Neck Cancers
  Chih-Wei Yang, Yueng-Hsiang Chu, Hsin-Chien Chen, Wei-Chen Huang, Peng-Jen Chen, Wei-Kuo Chang
  Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• SAFETY IN THE GASTROENTEROLOGY SETTING
  
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• Spontaneous superior mesenteric artery dissection following upper gastrointestinal panendoscopy: A case report and literature review
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  World Journal of Clinical Cases.2019; 7(20): 3276.     CrossRef
• Using Etomidate and Midazolam for Screening Colonoscopies Results in More Stable Hemodynamic Responses in Patients of All Ages
  Jung Min Lee, Geeho Min, Bora Keum, Jae Min Lee, Seung Han Kim, Hyuk Soon Choi, Eun Sun Kim, Yeon Seok Seo, Yoon Tae Jeen, Hoon Jai Chun, Hong Sik Lee, Soon Ho Um, Chang Duck Kim
  Gut and Liver.2019; 13(6): 649.     CrossRef
• Reversal of Warfarin-Associated Life-Threatening Bleed With an Attenuated Dose of 4-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate
  Allyson H. Wexler, Megan A. Rech
  Annals of Pharmacotherapy.2018; 52(2): 212.     CrossRef
• Efficacy and safety of etomidate–midazolam for screening colonoscopy in the elderly
  Jung Min Lee, Geeho Min, Jae Min Lee, Seung Han Kim, Hyuk Soon Choi, Eun Sun Kim, Bora Keum, Yoon Tae Jeen, Hoon Jai Chun, Hong Sik Lee, Chang Duck Kim, Jong-Jae Park, Beom Jae Lee, Seong Ji Choi, Woojung Kim
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• Characteristics and Outcomes of Fasting Orders Among Medical Inpatients
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• Training and Competency in Sedation Practice in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
  Ben Da, James Buxbaum
  Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America.2016; 26(3): 443.     CrossRef
• Technical skills and training of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for new beginners
  Seung-Hwa Lee, Young-Kyu Park, Sung-Min Cho, Joon-Koo Kang, Duck-Joo Lee
  World Journal of Gastroenterology.2015; 21(3): 759.     CrossRef
• Endoscopic Sedation: From Training to Performance
  Tae Hoon Lee, Chang Kyun Lee
  Clinical Endoscopy.2014; 47(2): 141.     CrossRef
• Sedation-related complications in gastrointestinal endoscopy
  Somchai Amornyotin
  World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2013; 5(11): 527.     CrossRef

Effective colonoscopy requires an adequate level of cleansing as a basic component. This review will describe a compact review about general considerations in bowel preparation for colonoscopy and specific considerations for various patients. A low-fiber diet instead of a regular diet on the day before colonoscopy is an independent predictor of adequate bowel preparation. Improved bowel cleansing does not result from the routine use of enemas or prokinetics in addition to oral bowel preparation. For morning colonoscopy, a split method of 4 L polyethylene glycol on the day before and the day of colonoscopy is recommended, while patients scheduled for afternoon colonoscopy typically receive a full method of 4 L polyethylene glycol on the day of the procedure. Valid alternatives are 2 L polyethylene glycol plus ascorbic acid or 2 L sodium picosulphate plus magnesium citrate. Although there are no statistically significant differences between polyethylene glycol and oral sodium phosphate for colon cleansing, polyethylene glycol-based bowel preparation is advisable in most situations because of safety concerns.

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• Gastrointestinal pharmacoradiology, an updated review of medications and gastrointestinal contrasts in abdominal imaging
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  Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2022; 67(10): 4841.     CrossRef
• Colonoscopy: an evidence-based approach
  Lucy Kelly
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• Same-day single-dose vs large-volume split-dose regimens of polyethylene glycol for bowel preparation: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  Hui Pan, Xiao-Ling Zheng, Chao-Ying Fang, Lan-Zai Liu, Jian-Su Chen, Chao Wang, Yu-Dai Chen, Jian-Min Huang, Yu-Shen Zhou, Li-Ping He
  World Journal of Clinical Cases.2022; 10(22): 7844.     CrossRef
• A case of severe acute hyponatremia after colonoscopy with polyethylene glycol plus ascorbic acid bowel preparation
  Aki Yamada, Toshihiro Kanda, Toshiro Sugimoto
  CEN Case Reports.2022; 12(2): 254.     CrossRef
• Oral Probiotics Alleviate Intestinal Dysbacteriosis for People Receiving Bowel Preparation
  Xiaorong Deng, Huakai Tian, Rong Yang, Yiwen Han, Kehong Wei, Cihua Zheng, Zhaoxia Liu, Tingtao Chen
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• Efficacy and Patient Tolerability Profiles of Probiotic Solution with Bisacodyl Versus Conventional Cleansing Solution for Bowel Preparation: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial
  Youn I Choi, Jong-Joon Lee, Jun-Won Chung, Kyoung Oh Kim, Yoon Jae Kim, Jung Ho Kim, Dong Kyun Park, Kwang An Kwon
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2020; 9(10): 3286.     CrossRef
• Low-Volume Polyethylene Glycol Improved Patient Attendance in Bowel Preparation Before Colonoscopy: A Meta-Analysis With Trial Sequential Analysis
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  Frontiers in Medicine.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Comparison of Bowel Cleansing Efficacy, Safety, Bowel Movement Kinetics, and Patient Tolerability of Same-Day and Split-Dose Bowel Preparation Using 4 L of Polyethylene Glycol: A Prospective Randomized Study
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• Comparative efficacy of low volume versus traditional standard volume PEG on bowel preparation before colonoscopy
  Li-Juan Yi, Xu Tian, Yuan-Ping Pi, Ling Feng, Hui Chen, Xiao-Ling Liu, Wei-Qing Chen
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• Magnesium and Drugs Commonly Used in Chronic Kidney Disease
  Jeffrey H. William, Katelyn Richards, John Danziger
  Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease.2018; 25(3): 267.     CrossRef
• Severe symptomatic hyponatremia associated with the use of polyethylene glycol-based bowel preparation
  Navira Samad, Ian Fraser
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• The safety and effectiveness of 2-liter polyethylene glycol plus ascorbic acid in patients with liver cirrhosis
  Jae Min Lee, Jae Hyung Lee, Eun Sun Kim, Jung Min Lee, In Kyung Yoo, Seung Han Kim, Hyuk Soon Choi, Bora Keum, Yeon Seok Seo, Yoon Tae Jeen, Hong Sik Lee, Hoon Jai Chun, Soon Ho Um, Chang Duck Kim
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• Sodium phosphate versus polyethylene glycol for colonoscopy bowel preparation: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  Ji Cheng, Kaixiong Tao, Xiaoming Shuai, Jinbo Gao
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• Increased Risk of Adverse Renal Outcome Following Polyethylene Glycol Bowel Preparation Compared to Sodium Picosulfate
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  C. Hobeika, J. H. Lefevre
  Côlon & Rectum.2015; 9(2): 81.     CrossRef
• Renal risk associated with sodium phosphate medication: safe in healthy individuals, potentially dangerous in others
  Iva Hoffmanová, Pavel Kraml, Michal Anděl
  Expert Opinion on Drug Safety.2015; 14(7): 1097.     CrossRef
• Miralax With Gatorade for Bowel Preparation: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
  Sameer Siddique, Kristi T Lopez, Alisha M Hinds, Dina S Ahmad, Douglas L Nguyen, Michelle L Matteson-Kome, Srinivas R Puli, Matthew L Bechtold
  American Journal of Gastroenterology.2014; 109(10): 1566.     CrossRef
• Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Sodium Phosphate Tablets and Polyethylene Glycol Solution for Bowel Cleansing in Healthy Korean Adults
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• Préparation colique : quand ? comment ? avec quoi ?
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  Côlon & Rectum.2014; 8(3): 158.     CrossRef

Regardless of outstanding developments in the endoscopic field, laryngopharyngeal lesions are generally considered as a field of otolaryngology, and thus it is thought that not a lot of gastrointestinal endoscopists commonly take interest in these lesions during the upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examinations. Therefore, here in this thesis, I reviewed the availability of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in laryngopharyngeal area, normal structures of laryngopharynx, and the lesions that can be observed with the standard upper gastrointestinal endoscopic procedure.

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• Anesthesiology trainees performing flexible scope intubation in spontaneously breathing patients in the left lateral position and the supine position: a prospective randomized trial
  Poonyanuch Charoenkoop, Punchika Luetrakool, Tipanan Puttapornpattana, Nakkanan Sangdee
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• Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Performed by Gastroenterologists: Opportunistic Screening Strategy for Newly Diagnosed Head and Neck Cancers
  Chih-Wei Yang, Yueng-Hsiang Chu, Hsin-Chien Chen, Wei-Chen Huang, Peng-Jen Chen, Wei-Kuo Chang
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Though efficient acid suppression with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) remains the mainstay of treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), some of the patients showed refractory response to PPIs, necessitating further intervention. After increasing dose of PPIs and other kinds of pharmacological intervention adopting prokinetics or others, variable endoscopic treatments are introduced for the treatment of these refractory cases. The detailed introduction regarding endoscopic treatment for GERD is forwarded in this review article. Implantation of reabsorbable or synthetic materials in the distal esophagus was tried in vain and is expelled from the market due to limited efficacy and serious complication. Radiofrequency energy delivery (Stretta) and transoral incisionless fundoplication (EsophyX) are actively tried currently.

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  C. R. Subramanian, G. Triadafilopoulos
  Gastroenterology Report.2015; 3(1): 41.     CrossRef
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Nowadays, endoscopic mucosal resection or endoscopic submucosal dissection has shown effectiveness equivalent to that of gastrectomy and has emerged as a popular technique for curative treatment of gastric cancer. However, noncurative resection or resection beyond the indication may lead to lymphatic and extended organ metastasis resulting in loss of the opportunity for full recovery. Therefore, it is an important issue to decide the range of curative resection in the endoscopic resection field. Furthermore, management of noncurative endoscopic resection in early gastric cancer is also important. The most favorable treatment after noncurative resection would be surgery. However, other noninvasive treatments such as argon plasma coagulation, additional endoscopic resection and close observation for recurrence are thought to be the optional treatments after the noncurative resection. In the future, prospective research studies and observations are expected to verify the effectiveness of noninvasive treatments.

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• Improved pentamethine cyanine nanosensors for optoacoustic imaging of pancreatic cancer
  Matthew D. Laramie, Benjamin L. Fouts, William M. MacCuaig, Emmanuel Buabeng, Meredith A. Jones, Priyabrata Mukherjee, Bahareh Behkam, Lacey R. McNally, Maged Henary
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  Kwang An Kwon, Il Ju Choi, Eun Young Kim, Seok Ho Dong, Ki Baik Hahm
  Clinical Endoscopy.2013; 46(3): 203.     CrossRef

While a number of diagnostic methods have been developed, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) still takes the most important role in the preoperative evaluation of esophageal cancer. EUS can detect lesions of all esophageal cancer and can accurately perform T staging. In a recent meta-analysis of EUS in esophageal cancer, the sensitivity and specificity of EUS on esophageal cancer were 81.6% and 99.4% in T1, 81.4% and 96.3% in T2, 91.4% and 94.4% in T3, and 92.4% and 97.4% in T4, respectively. The use of EUS can reduce unnecessary surgeries and lead to apply proper treatments to patients. The advance of endoscopic submucosal dissection have necessitated the presurgical detection of early cancer lesions without lymph node metastasis. Understanding the practical meanings of images shown by EUS is important to decide patients for whom endoscopic treatments can be effective. In early gastric cancer, EUS can accurately predict mucosal and SM1 (invasion into the submucosal layer of less than 500 µm from muscularis mucosa) lesions, which are considered as good indications for endoscopic treatments.

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• Imaging in Esophageal Cancer: A Comprehensive Review
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• Gastric Carcinoma: Ex Vivo MR Imaging at 7.0 T–Correlation with Histopathologic Findings
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  Kwang An Kwon, Il Ju Choi, Eun Young Kim, Seok Ho Dong, Ki Baik Hahm
  Clinical Endoscopy.2013; 46(3): 203.     CrossRef

Gastric protruding lesions are frequently encountered by health screening esophagogastroduodenoscopy. They can be classified into epithelial lesion and subepithelial lesion. Epithelial gastric lesions are generally divided into benign and malignant. Benign lesions include some types of polyps, i.e., hyperplastic polyp, fundic gland polyp, and gastric adenoma. Malignant lesions include carcinoid, early gastric cancer and advanced gastric cancer. They can be accurately diagnosed by magnifying endoscopy or narrow band imaging. Here, I will discuss benign and malignant epithelial lesions of the stomach.

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• Evaluación de los pólipos gástricos en endoscopia
  Ricardo Ulises Macías-Rodríguez, Octavio Rene García-Flores, Astrid Ruiz-Margáin, Rafael Barreto-Zúñiga
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  Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2014; 15(5): 2914.     CrossRef

Since the introduction of endoscopic submucosal dissection method for the treatment of early gastric cancer, endoscopic treatment of early gastric cancer has increased exponentially. Accordingly, early diagnosis of cancerous or precancerous lesion has become one of the most important missions for endoscopists. The desire to improve diagnostic capability of white light endoscopy led to the development of new imaging techniques called "image enhanced endoscopy." The usefulness of these image enhanced endoscopy has not been proven yet, although there are several studies reporting diagnostic superiority of these new imaging methods over white light endoscopy. Among these new imaging modalities, narrow band image (NBI) with magnification endoscopy has been most widely used and studied. This manuscript will be focused on the NBI with magnification endoscopy.

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• Comparison Trial between I-SCAN-Optical Enhancement and Chromoendoscopy for Evaluating the Horizontal Margins of Gastric Epithelial Neoplasms
  Myeongseok Koh, Jong Yoon Lee, Song-Hee Han, Seong Woo Jeon, Su Jin Kim, Joo Young Cho, Seong Hwan Kim, Jae Young Jang, Gwang Ho Baik, Jin Seok Jang
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  Zhangqun Ye, Jia Hu, Xiaodong Song, Fan Li, Xuetao Zhao, Shan Chen, Xiaofeng Wang, Dalin He, Jinhai Fan, Dingwei Ye, Jinchun Xing, Tiejun Pan, Dongwen Wang
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• Highlights of the 48th Seminar of Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
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  Viroj Wiwanitkit
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Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-induced complications, once occurred, can lead to significant morbidity. Commonly 5% to 10% of patients experience procedure related complications such as post-ERCP pancreatitis, biliary hemorrhage, and cholangitis, in descending order. However, complications such as perforation, pneumothorax, air embolism, splenic injury, and basket impaction are rare but are associated with high mortality if occurred. Such unexpected unusual complications might extend the length of hospitalization, require urgent surgical intervention, and put the patient in miserable condition leading to permanent disability or mortality. Although these ERCP-induced complications can be minimized by a skilled operator using advanced techniques and devices, the occurrence of unusual complications are hard to expect and induce very difficult management condition. In this review, we will focus on the uncommon complications related to ERCP. This review is also aimed at suggesting optimal endoscopic treatment strategies for several complications based on our institutional experiences.

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• Cystic duct disimpaction for acute cholecystitis in the high-risk cholecystectomy patient: Case report
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Although there is no survival advantage, inoperable hilar cholangiocarcinoma managed by palliative drainage may benefit from symptomatic improvement. In general, biliary drainage is divided into endoscopic or percutaneous approaches and surgical drainage. Plastic or metal stent is the most preferred device for palliative drainage in endoscopic approach. Considering cost-effectiveness, use of metallic stent is preferred than plastic stents in patients with more than 3 months of life expectancy with inoperable malignant biliary obstruction. In patients with unresectable malignant hilar obstruction, the endoscopic approach with biliary stent placement by experts has been considered as the treatment of choice. However, the endoscopic management of hilar obstruction is often more challenging and complex than distal malignant biliary obstructions. There is still a lack of clear consensus on the use of plastic versus metal stents and unilateral versus bilateral drainage since the decision should be made under many grounds such as the volume of liver drainage more than 50%, life expectancy, and expertise of the facility.

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As infection-related issues have become one of the most important concerns in endoscopy centers, proper reprocessing of endoscopes has attracted great interest. Compliance with established guidelines for reprocessing is critical to prevent pathogen transmission. However, hospital compliance with guidelines has not been satisfactory. To increase compliance, efforts have focused on developing new and more innovative disinfectants and an automated endoscope reprocessor. Reprocessing must be performed by appropriately trained personnel and regular monitoring of reprocessing is essential for quality assurance to improve compliance.

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With the increasing interest in endoscopy and the rising number of endoscopic examinations in hospitals, the importance of endoscopic reprocessing is also increasing. Cure facilities that are understaffed and ill-equipped are trying to cope with the problems of insufficient cleaning and high infection risks. To prevent endoscopy-associated infection, the endoscope cleaning, and disinfection guidelines prepared by the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy must be followed. In this review, the steps of endoscopic reprocessing and the equipments required in each step are discussed.

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A 70-year-old woman was admitted to our department with epigastric discomfort and nausea over the duration of 1 month. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed the presence of a 1.0×1.0 cm-sized flat lesion with central ulceration at the greater curvature side of the antrum. A biopsy demonstrated the presence of an adenocarcinoma of well differentiated, intestinal type in the stomach. Endoscopic submucosal dissection was done and the diagnosis of a composite neuroendocrine carcinoma with an adenocarcinoma of the stomach was confirmed. We report a case of a gastric composite tumor with an adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma confirmed by endoscopic submucosal dissection with a review of the literature.

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Schwannomas of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are rare subepithelial tumors comprising approximately 3.3% to 12.8% of all mesenchymal tumors of the GI tract. On endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) they are seen as hypoechoic tumors arising most commonly from the 4th proper muscle layer. Although EUS helps to distinguish tumor characteristics, tissue sampling is required for differentiation with other more common tumors such as GI stromal tumors. Both EUS-guided fine needle aspiration and EUS-guided trucut biopsy (EUS-TCB) can be used for tissue sampling. However, only EUS-TCB allows core biopsy and a high yield of immunohistochemical staining. We report a case of a gastric schwannoma diagnosed by EUS-TCB.

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• What About Gastric Schwannoma? A Review Article
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It is well known that gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas are associated with Helicobacter pylori infection and have a good prognosis. However, although rare, these low-grade lymphomas transform to the high-grade diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) which are thought to be the important cause of death in patients with MALT lymphoma. We report two cases of DLBCLs in the cervical lymph nodes that occurred 10 years and 1.5 years after diagnosing low-grade gastric MALT lymphomas.

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• Primary Pulmonary Diffuse Large B Cell Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: A Case Report and Literature Review
  Ziqiang Zhu, Wei Liu, Omar Mamlouk, James E. O'Donnell, Debabrata Sen, Boris Avezbakiyev
  American Journal of Case Reports.2017; 18: 286.     CrossRef

Anisakiasis of the gastrointestinal tract is caused by the ingestion of raw fish or uncooked food infested with Anisakis larvae. A large number of cases of gastric anisakiasis have been reported in countries where the eating of raw fish is customary. However, there have been few reports of anisakiasis of the colon confirmed by colonoscopy and also very few reports of endoscopic ultrasonographic findings of anisakiasis. A 47-year-old man had epigastric pain with nausea after eating raw anchovies. Endoscopy found a living tubular structure penetrating into the lesser curvature of the stomach and the midtranseverse colon area. It was withdrawn with biopsy forceps. We report a case of anisakiasis simultaneously invading the stomach and the colon confirmed by endosopic utrasonographic findings and biopsy findings.

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• Gastric Anisakiasis Masquerading as Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
  Kevin Groudan, Tiago Martins, Ira J. Schmelkin, Hirotada Akiho
  Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine.2023; 2023: 1.     CrossRef
• Submucosal Necrotic Nodule of the Colon: An Enigmatic Entity Potentially Related to Anisakis Infection
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• Evaluation of imaging findings in gastrointestinal anisakiasis in emergency CT and ultrasound
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• Acute Anisakiasis: Pharmacological Evaluation of Various Drugs in an Animal Model
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• Human health, legislative and socioeconomic issues caused by the fish-borne zoonotic parasite Anisakis: Challenges in risk assessment
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• Geographic and host size variations as indicators of Anisakis pegreffii infection in European pilchard ( Sardina pilchardus ) from the Mediterranean Sea: Food safety implications
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Liposarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas occurring in adults, but it rarely occurs in the gastrointestinal tract and more uncommonly in the esophagus. To the best of our knowledge, there are only 19 reported cases of esophageal liposarcoma in the literature published in English language up to the year 2008, and they were all treated by surgical methods. Here, we report a case of primary liposarcoma of the esophagus which was treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). ESD was well tolerated in this patient, suggesting that it may be a therapeutic option for primary esophageal sarcomas.

Citations

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• Thoracoscopic resection of a huge esophageal dedifferentiated liposarcoma: A case report
  Yi-Wang Ye, Meng-Ying Liao, Zhi-Min Mou, Xiao-Xin Shi, Yuan-Cai Xie
  World Journal of Clinical Cases.2020; 8(9): 1698.     CrossRef
• Giant pedunculated oesophageal liposarcomas: A review of literature and resection techniques
  Y. Annalisa Ng, June Lee, X.J. Zheng, J.C. Nagaputra, S.H. Tan, S.A. Wong
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Cronkhite-Canada syndrome (CCS) is a rare nonfamilial polyposis syndrome characterized by epithelial disturbances both in the gastrointestinal tract and in the epidermis. The pathologic finding of the polyp is usually a hamartomatous polyp of the juvenile type; however, the possibility of serrated adenoma associated malignant neoplasm was reported in some Japanese cases. Up till now in South Korea, 13 CCS cases have been reported, but there was no case accompanied by the colon cancer. We report the first case of CCS associated with malignant colon polyp and serrated adenoma in Korea. A 72-year-old male patient who complained of diarrhea and weight loss was presented with both hands and feet nail dystrophy, hyperpigmentation, and alopecia. Endoscopic examination showed numerous hamartomatous polyps from the stomach to the colon. The pathologic results confirmed colon cancer and serrated adenoma. Helicobacter pylori eradication and prednisolone was used. Thus, the authors report this case along with a literature review.

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• Differential Diagnoses and Management Approaches for Gastric Polyposis
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  Gastroenterology Insights.2024; 15(1): 122.     CrossRef
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Endoscopic ultrasound-guided celiac plexus neurolysis (EUS-CPN) is a well-established intervention to palliate malignant pain. We report a patient who developed hepatic and splenic infarction and bowel ischemia following EUS-CPN. A 69-year-old man with known lung cancer and pancreatic metastasis was transferred for debilitating, significant epigastric pain for several months. The patient underwent EUS-CPN to palliate the pain. After the procedure, the patient complained continuously of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting; hematemesis and hematochezia were newly developed. Abdominal computed tomography revealed infarction of the liver and spleen and ischemia of the stomach and proximal small bowel. On esophagogastroduodenoscopy, hemorrhagic gastroduodenitis, and multiple gastric ulcers were noted without active bleeding. The patient expired on postoperative day 27 despite the best supportive care.

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