Social networks are useful in the study of relationships between individuals or entire populations, and the ties through which any given social unit connects. Those represent the convergence of the various social contacts of that unit. Consequently, the term "social networking service" (SNS) became extremely familiar. Similar to familiar SNSs, International Digestive Endoscopy Network (IDEN) 2014 was based on an international network composed of an impressive 2-day scientific program dealing with a variety of topics for gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, which connects physicians and researchers from all over the world. The scientific programs included live endoscopic demonstrations and provided cutting-edge information and practice tips as well as the latest advances concerning upper GI, lower GI, and pancreatobiliary endoscopy. IDEN 2014 featured American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy-Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE-KSGE)-joint sessions prepared through cooperation between ASGE and KSGE. Furthermore, IDEN 2014 provided a special program for young scientists called the 'Asian Young Endoscopist Award Forum' to foster networks, with many young endoscopists from Asian countries taking an active interest and participation.

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Molecular imaging in gastroenterology has become more feasible with recent advances in imaging technology, molecular genetics, and next-generation biochemistry, in addition to advances in endoscopic imaging techniques including magnified high-resolution endoscopy, narrow band imaging or autofluorescence imaging, flexible spectral imaging color enhancement, and confocal laser endomicroscopy. These developments have the potential to serve as "red flag" techniques enabling the earlier and accurate detection of mucosal abnormalities (such as precancerous lesions) beyond biomarkers, virtual histology of detected lesions, and molecular targeted therapy-the strategy of "one stone to kill two or three birds"; however, more effort should be done to be "blue ocean" benefit. This review deals with the introduction of Raman spectroscopy endoscopy, imaging mass spectroscopy, and nanomolecule development for theranostics. Imaging of molecular pathological changes in cells/tissues/organs might open the "royal road" to either convincing diagnosis of diseases that otherwise would only be detected in the advanced stages or novel therapeutic methods targeted to personalized medicine.

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Achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder characterized by incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and aperistalsis of the esophageal body. Treatment of achalasia is aimed at decreasing the resting pressure in the LES. Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), derived from natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) and advances in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), presents a novel, minimally invasive, and curative endoscopic treatment for achalasia. POEM involves an esophageal mucosal incision followed by creation of a submucosal tunnel crossing the esophagogastric junction and myotomy before closure of the mucosal incision. Although the procedure is technically demanding and requires a certain degree of skill and competency, treatment success is high (90%) with low complication rates. Since the first described POEM in humans in 2010, it has been used increasingly at centers worldwide. This article reviews available published clinical studies demonstrating POEM efficacy and safety in order to present a proposal on how to establish a dedicated POEM program and reach base proficiency for the procedure.

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Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer is a well-established procedure with the advantage of resection in an en bloc fashion, regardless of the size, shape, coexisting ulcer, and location of the lesion. However, gastric ESD is a more difficult and meticulous technique, and also requires a longer procedure time, than conventional endoscopic mucosal resection. These factors naturally increase the risk of various complications. The two most common complications accompanying gastric ESD are bleeding and perforation. These complications are known to occur both intraoperatively and postoperatively. However, there are other rare but serious complications related to gastric ESD, including aspiration pneumonia, stenosis, venous thromboembolism, and air embolism. Endoscopists should have sufficient knowledge about such complications and be prepared to deal with them appropriately, as successful management of complications is necessary for the successful completion of the entire ESD procedure.

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Recent progress in advanced endoscopic imaging and electronic chromoendoscopy allows the real-time endoscopic estimation of the histologic type of polyps, mainly for the differentiation of adenomas from hyperplastic polyps. Accordingly, a "resect-and-discard" strategy applied to diminutive colorectal polyps is now one of the emerging issues among gastroenterologists. The strategy has a practical advantage in terms of the potential cost savings. However, it has a number of limitations in the medical, academic, and legal aspects. The major pitfalls include the endoscopic investigation of colorectal polyps with a wide variety of histogenetic origins, including serrated polyps, and the lack of a standardized method for polyp size measurement. Another issue is the importance of the pathologic diagnosis for legal purposes and medical research. Moreover, it is not certain whether the implementation of the strategy has economic benefit in countries with an undervalued reimbursement system for pathologic examination. There is no doubt that a highly confident optical diagnosis of polyp type is a novel valuable tool. It can provide a more steady symbiosis between gastroenterologists and pathologists to allow a more evident diagnosis and management of patients with colorectal polyps.

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Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) refers to gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding of unclear origin that persists or recurs after negative findings on esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy. OGIB accounts for approximately 5% of all types of GI bleeding. More than 80% of OGIB cases originate in the small bowel. The ability to detect OGIB in the small bowel has significantly advanced and been revolutionized since the introduction of the capsule endoscopy and double-balloon enteroscopy techniques in 2000 and 2001, respectively. With these new methods for small-bowel evaluation, new guidelines have been proposed for the diagnosis and management of OGIB. However, some issues remain unsolved. The purpose of this article is to review the various modalities used for evaluating OGIB, including capsule endoscopy and double-balloon enteroscopy, and to help guide clinicians in their decisions on which modality will be the most effective.

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When performing endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA), identifying neoplasia in the setting of chronic pancreatitis can be technically challenging. The morphology of an ill-defined mass on sonography, presence of calcifications or intervening collaterals, reverberation from a biliary stent, low yield of tissue procurement, and interpretative errors in cytopathology can result in both false-negative and false-positive results. Although these challenges cannot be completely eliminated, elastography or contrast-enhanced imaging can aid in differentiating an inflammatory mass from a neoplasm. Also, performing more passes of FNA, procuring core biopsy material, performing rapid onsite evaluation, conducting ancillary pathology studies, and even repeating the procedure on a different day can aid in improving the diagnostic performance of EUS-FNA. This review provides a concise update and offers practical tips to improving the diagnostic yield of EUS-FNA when sampling solid pancreatic mass lesions in the setting of chronic pancreatitis.

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Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided tissue acquisition is an indispensable technique for the diagnosis of many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and adjacent structures. EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is known for its high accuracy and low complication rate. However, the outcome of EUS-FNA highly depends on several factors such as the location and characteristics of the lesion, endosonographer's experience, technique of sampling and sample preparation, type and size of the needle used, and presence of a cytopathologist for rapid on-site examination. EUS-guided fine-needle biopsy is useful to obtain core tissue samples with relatively fewer passes. Aspiration of core tissue with preserved architecture is beneficial for the diagnosis of certain diseases and the performance of ancillary testing such as tumor molecular profiling. Issues related to needle size, type, and their acquired samples for cytologic and histologic evaluation are discussed here.

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The outcome of endoscopic management of pancreatic fluid collections is dependent on the type of collection being treated. While pseudocysts have an excellent treatment response, the outcomes are modest for walled-off pancreatic necrosis. Recent advances in cross-sectional body imaging have enabled a more accurate distinction of pancreatic fluid collections, which, in turn, facilitates the correct triage of patients to receive the appropriate treatment. Newly described endoscopic techniques and the development of dedicated accessories have improved the clinical outcomes in walled-off pancreatic necrosis, with treatment success rates comparable to that of minimally invasive surgery. This review summarizes the key concepts and provides a concise update on the endoscopic management of pancreatic fluid collections.

Citations

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• Technical and Clinical Outcomes of Using a Single Wide-Caliber Double-Pigtail Stent for Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Pancreatic Pseudocyst Drainage: A Multicenter Prospective Study
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  Pietro Gambitta, Anna Maffioli, Jean Spiropoulos, Antonio Armellino, Maurizio Vertemati, Paolo Aseni
  Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International.2020; 19(1): 68.     CrossRef
• Adverse events of lumen-apposing stents for pancreatic fluid collections: opening Pandora’s box
  Gianenrico Rizzatti, Mihai Rimbaș, Alberto Larghi
  Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2020; 91(5): 1217.     CrossRef
• Endoscopic Therapy for Pancreatic Fluid Collections: A Definitive Management Using a Dedicated Algorithm
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• Endoscopic Transgastric Versus Surgical Approach for Infected Necrotizing Pancreatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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• El papel terapéutico del ultrasonido endoscópico en las colecciones líquidas peripancreáticas
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• Minimally invasive treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts
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  Eun Young Kim, Kwang An Kwon, Il Ju Choi, Ji Kon Ryu, Ki Baik Hahm
  Clinical Endoscopy.2014; 47(5): 371.     CrossRef

Since the introduction of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in the 1990s, it has evolved from a primarily diagnostic modality into an instrument that can be used in various therapeutic interventions. EUS-guided fine-needle injection was initially described for celiac plexus neurolysis. By using the fundamentals of this method, drainage techniques emerged for the biliary and pancreatic ducts, fluid collections, and abscesses. More recently, EUS has been used for ablative techniques and injection therapies for patients with for gastrointestinal malignancies. As the search for minimally invasive techniques continued, EUS-guided hemostasis methods have also been described. The technical advances in EUS-guided therapies may appear to be limitless; however, in many instances, these procedures have been described only in small case series. More data are required to determine the efficacy and safety of these techniques, and new accessories will be needed to facilitate their implementation into practice.

Citations

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• Role of Therapeutic Endoscopic Ultrasound in Management of Pancreatic Cancer: An Endoscopic Oncologist Perspective
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• Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Drainage without Fluoroscopic Guidance for Extraluminal Complicated Cysts
  Hyeong Seok Nam, Hyung Wook Kim, Dae Hwan Kang, Cheol Woong Choi, Su Bum Park, Su Jin Kim, Dae Gon Ryu, Joon Ho Jeon
  Gastroenterology Research and Practice.2016; 2016: 1.     CrossRef
• Role of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration in the diagnosis of mass lesions
  Chaoqun Han, Rong Lin, Qin Zhang, Jun Liu, Zhen Ding, Xiaohua Hou
  Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine.2016; 12(2): 1085.     CrossRef
• Chronic pancreatic pain successfully treated by endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreaticogastrostomy using fully covered self-expandable metallic stent
  Arunchai Chang, Pitulak Aswakul, Varayu Prachayakul
  World Journal of Clinical Cases.2016; 4(4): 112.     CrossRef
• International Digestive Endoscopy Network 2014: Turnpike to the Future
  Eun Young Kim, Kwang An Kwon, Il Ju Choi, Ji Kon Ryu, Ki Baik Hahm
  Clinical Endoscopy.2014; 47(5): 371.     CrossRef

Endoscopic palliative biliary drainage is considered as a gold standard treatment in advanced or inoperable hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Also, metal stents are preferred over plastic stents in patients with >3 months life expectancy. However, the endoscopic intervention of advanced hilar obstruction is often more challenging and complex than that of distal malignant biliary obstructions. In this literature review, we describe the issues commonly encountered during endoscopic unilateral (single) versus bilateral (multiple) biliary stenting for malignant hilar obstruction. Also, we provide technical guidance to improve the technical success rates and patient outcomes, focusing on bilateral metallic stenting techniques such as stent-in-stent or side-by-side deployment.

Citations

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• Side‐by‐side placement of fully covered metal stents versus conventional 7F plastic stents in malignant hilar biliary obstruction: Prospective randomized controlled trial
  Woo Hyun Paik, Min Kyu Jung, Dong Uk Kim, Tae Jun Song, Min Jae Yang, Young Hoon Choi, Joo Seong Kim, Min Woo Lee, Jin Ho Choi, Sang Hyub Lee
  Digestive Endoscopy.2024; 36(4): 473.     CrossRef
• Suprapapillary stenting for malignant hilar obstruction: Is it feasible in the West?
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  Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2023; 98(2): 222.     CrossRef
• Endoscopic re‐intervention after stent‐in‐stent versus side‐by‐side bilateral self‐expandable metallic stent deployment
  Tomohisa Iwai, Mitsuhiro Kida, Kosuke Okuwaki, Hiroshi Yamauchi, Toru Kaneko, Rikiya Hasegawa, Masafumi Watanabe, Takahiro Kurosu, Hiroshi Imaizumi, Wasaburo Koizumi
  Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2022; 37(6): 1060.     CrossRef
• Feasibility and Safety of Endoluminal Radiofrequency Ablation as a Rescue Treatment for Bilateral Metal Stent Obstruction Due to Tumor Ingrowth in the Hilum: A Pilot Study
  Hoonsub So, Chi Hyuk Oh, Tae Jun Song, Hyun Woo Lee, Jun Seong Hwang, Sung Woo Ko, Dongwook Oh, Do Hyun Park, Sang Soo Lee, Dong-Wan Seo, Sung Koo Lee, Myung-Hwan Kim
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2021; 10(5): 952.     CrossRef
• Fully covered metal biliary stents: A review of the literature
  Robert Lam, Thiruvengadam Muniraj
  World Journal of Gastroenterology.2021; 27(38): 6357.     CrossRef
• Optimal stent placement strategy for malignant hilar biliary obstruction: a large multicenter parallel study
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• Percutaneous stent placement for malignant hilar biliary obstruction: a comparison between criss-cross and T-configuration techniques
  C.H. Jeon, C.J. Yoon, N.J. Seong, H. Lee, J.H. Hwang, J. Kim
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• Revision of bilateral self-expandable metallic stents placed using the stent-in-stent technique for malignant hilar biliary obstruction
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  Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International.2018; 17(5): 437.     CrossRef
• Placement of a Newly Designed Y-Configured Bilateral Self-Expanding Metallic Stent for Hilar Biliary Obstruction: A Pilot Study
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  Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2017; 62(1): 253.     CrossRef
• Simultaneous Versus Sequential Side-by-Side Bilateral Metal Stent Placement for Malignant Hilar Biliary Obstructions
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• Endoscopic Stents for the Biliary Tree and Pancreas
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• Safety and efficacy of transpapillary bridged bilateral side-by-side stenting for unresectable malignant hilar biliary obstruction
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• Endoscopic reintervention for stent malfunction after stent-in-stent deployment for malignant hilar obstruction
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• Feasibility of the placement of a novel 6-mm diameter threaded fully covered self-expandable metal stent for malignant hilar biliary obstructions (with videos)
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  Clinical Endoscopy.2014; 47(5): 371.     CrossRef

Esophageal thermal injury caused by food has been reported to occur mostly after drinking hot liquid food, and is known to produce alternating white and red linear mucosal bands. In addition, thermal injury caused by ingestion of hot solid foods is documented to be a cause of esophageal ulcers or pseudomembranes. From January 2006 to August 2012, five patients with suspected esophageal thermal injury underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy. A "candy-cane" appearance was observed in one case, pseudomembrane was observed in two cases, an esophageal ulcer was observed in one case, and a friable and edematous mucosa was noted in one case. We believe that the endoscopic findings of esophageal thermal injury depend on the following factors: causative materials, amount of food consumed, exposure period, and time to endoscopy after the incident. Therefore, physicians who encounter patients with suspected esophageal thermal injury should carefully take the patient's history considering these factors.

Citations

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• Too Hot to Handle: A Case of Esophageal Thermal Injury From Solid Food Ingestion
  Tin Bo Nicholas Lam, Lauren Sussman, Benjamin Infantino
  JPGN Reports.2023; 4(1): e286.     CrossRef
• Unexpected caustic esophageal injury associated with the use of a bowel preparation agent
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• Thermal Esophageal Injury following Ingestion of Boiling Mushroom Water
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• Candy Cane Appearance of the Esophagus Caused by Acute Thermal Injury
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Esophageal involvement of pemphigus vulgaris is rare, and when present, the most common presenting symptoms reported in the medical literature are odynophagia and dysphagia. Here, we present two cases of pemphigus vulgaris presenting with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage because of esophageal involvement of the disease. In case 1, a 41-year-old female patient with a prior diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris presented with hematemesis. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed diffuse mucosal exfoliation and oozing bleeding of the oropharynx and esophagus. The patient recovered after the administration of high-dose corticosteroids and immunosuppressants. In case 2, a 30-year-old female patient with known pemphigus vulgaris also presented with hematemesis, showing similar endoscopic findings to the first case. She also responded to the same treatment. Esophageal involvement of pemphigus vulgaris responds to high-dose corticosteroids and immunosuppressants. Thus, in patients with pemphigus vulgaris with signs or symptoms of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, an early endoscopy for the evaluation of esophageal involvement is beneficial.

Citations

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• Hematemesis in pemphigus vulgaris: A challenging case of isolated esophageal flare in patient in remission
  Maninder Kaur, Nagbhushan Hedge, Ashish Agarwal, Vikarn Vishwajeet, Suman Patra, Saurabh Singh
  JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft.2023; 21(12): 1551.     CrossRef
• Hämatemesis bei Pemphigus vulgaris: Ein herausfordernder Fall eines isolierten Ösophagusschubs bei einer Patientin in Remission
  Maninder Kaur, Nagbhushan Hedge, Ashish Agarwal, Vikarn Vishwajeet, Suman Patra, Saurabh Singh
  JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft.2023; 21(12): 1551.     CrossRef
• A Case of Exfoliative Esophagitis with Pemphigus Vulgaris
  Wei-Feng Huang, Wei Liu
  Indian Journal of Surgery.2022; 84(3): 563.     CrossRef
• Pemphigus for the Inpatient Dermatologist
  Connor Cole, Kyle Amber
  Current Dermatology Reports.2022; 11(4): 221.     CrossRef
• Novel and rare forms of oesophagitis
  Victoria Malone, Kieran Sheahan
  Histopathology.2021; 78(1): 4.     CrossRef
• Esophageal Pemphigus Vulgaris: A Rare Etiology of Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
  Jennifer Rose F. Del Castillo, Muhammad Nadeem Yousaf, Fizah S. Chaudhary, Nahar Saleh, Lawrence Mills, Yoshiro Kawahara
  Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine.2021; 2021: 1.     CrossRef
• Pemphigus Vulgaris and Bullous Pemphigoid of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract: A Review Article and Novel Approaches to Management
  Mohammed Hassan Hussain, Faiz Tanweer, Georgios Sakagiannis, Manish Mair, Sara Mahmood, Sithamparappillai Ashokkumar
  ORL.2021; 83(6): 395.     CrossRef
• Gastrointestinal involvement of primary skin diseases
  C.‐Y. Lu, M.‐S. Hsieh, K.‐C. Wei, M. Ezmerli, C.‐H. Kuo, W. Chen
  Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.2020; 34(12): 2766.     CrossRef
• Oesophageal pemphigoid: a rare cause of dysphagia
  Michael McFarlane, Ayesha Azam, David Snead, Ben Disney
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  Melanie E. Johncilla, Amitabh Srivastava
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• Pemphigus Vulgaris in the Mouth and Esophageal Mucosa
  Angelo Gualberto de Macedo, Erika Ruback Bertges, Luiz Carlos Bertges, Renata Alvim Mendes, Thais Abranches Bueno Sabino Bertges, Klaus Ruback Bertges, Fernando Monteiro Aarestrup
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• Ulcerative colitis associated with pemphigus: a population-based large-scale study
  Khalaf Kridin, Shira Zelber-Sagi, Doron Comaneshter, Arnon D. Cohen
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Ectopic pancreas is a congenital anomaly and the most common type of ectopic tissue in the gastrointestinal tract. Most patients with an ectopic pancreas are asymptomatic and rarely have complications. Ectopic pancreatitis after an endoscopic biopsy has not been reported. We report a patient who developed acute ectopic pancreatitis in the stomach after an endoscopic biopsy. A 71-year-old male patient presented with a subepithelial tumor (SET) in the stomach and had no symptoms. Endoscopic ultrasonography demonstrated a 30-mm hypoechoic mural mass, lobulated margins, and anechoic duct-like lesions. To obtain proper tissue specimen, endoscopic biopsy was performed through the opening on the surface of the mass. The pathologic results confirmed an ectopic pancreas. One day after the endoscopic biopsy, he developed persistent epigastric pain. His serum amylase and lipase elevated. Computed tomography of the abdomen showed swelling of the SET and diffuse edema of the gastric wall. His condition was diagnosed as acute ectopic pancreatitis occurring after endoscopic biopsy.

Citations

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• Gastric ectopic pancreas in magnetic resonance imaging: A review of 2 cases
  Miguel Braga, António P. Matos, Pedro Pinto Marques, Miguel Ramalho
  Radiology Case Reports.2023; 18(3): 1181.     CrossRef
• Clinicopathological features and management strategy for superficial nonampullary duodenal tumors: a multi-center retrospective study
  Eun Young Kim, Dong Jin Kim, Han Hong Lee, Jun Hyun Lee, Jeong Goo Kim, Kyo Young Song, Jin Jo Kim, Hyung Min Chin, Wook Kim
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  Cecil G. Wood, Camila Lopes Vendrami, Elizabeth Craig, Pardeep K. Mittal, Frank H. Miller
  Abdominal Radiology.2020; 45(5): 1316.     CrossRef
• Minimally Invasive Management of Ectopic Pancreas
  Gerardo A. Vitiello, Michael J. Cavnar, Cristina Hajdu, Inessa Khaykis, Elliot Newman, Marcovalerio Melis, H. Leon Pachter, Steven M. Cohen
  Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques.2017; 27(3): 277.     CrossRef
• Clinical picture: multiple sites of ectopic pancreatic tissue
  J Straatman, R J Meester, N C T v. Grieken, M J A M Jacobs, P d. Graaf, G Kazemier, M A Cuesta
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Metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma of appendix origin and mimicking a gastric subepithelial tumor (SET) is very rare. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided sampling is a useful diagnostic method for SETs. However, the cytologic findings of metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma are unfamiliar to many pathologists and gastroenterologists. These findings present a diagnostic challenge because the introduction of gastric epithelium and mucin into the specimen during the procedure can be misleading. This is the first reported experience of an EUS-guided sampling of a gastric SET in a patient with suspected appendiceal tumor, to make the diagnosis of a mucinous adenocarcinoma.

Primary fallopian tube carcinoma (PFTC) is a rare gynecological cancer that is very difficult to diagnose preoperatively. Here, we report the case of a 66-year-old female patient with PFTC that was diagnosed preoperatively on the basis of the characteristic features on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) elastography and fine needle biopsy (FNB). EUS showed a sausage-shaped hypoechoic mass, 8 cm in size, with irregular margins and heterogeneous internal echoes extending to both adnexa. EUS elastography revealed that the mass had a blue color pattern, representing hard stiffness, and a heterogeneous green/red color pattern distributed outside the tumor, representing intermediate stiffness. Histopathologic analysis of the FNB and operative specimens confirmed the diagnosis of fallopian tube carcinoma. This is the first reported case of a combined EUS elastography and FNB of an adnexal mass leading to a preoperative diagnosis of fallopian tube carcinoma.

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• The clinical impact of ultrasound contrast agents in EUS: a systematic review according to the levels of evidence
  Pietro Fusaroli, Bertrand Napoleon, Rodica Gincul, Christine Lefort, Laurent Palazzo, Maxime Palazzo, Masayuki Kitano, Kosuke Minaga, Giancarlo Caletti, Andrea Lisotti
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Acute pancreatitis is one of the main causes of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH). IAH contributes to multiple physiologic alterations and leads to the development of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) that induces multiorgan failure. We report a case of ACS in a patient with severe acute pancreatitis. A 44-year-old man who was admitted in a drunk state was found to have severe acute pancreatitis. During management with fluid resuscitation in an intensive care unit, drowsy mentality, respiratory acidosis, shock requiring inotropes, and oliguria developed in the patient, with his abdomen tensely distended. With a presumptive diagnosis of ACS, abdominal decompression through percutaneous catheter drainage was performed immediately. The intraperitoneal pressure measured with a drainage catheter was 31 mm Hg. After abdominal decompression, the multiorgan failure was reversed. We present a case of ACS managed with percutaneous catheter decompression.

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  Varsha Shinde, Pranay Penmetsa, Yash Dixit
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• Effects of HV-CRRT on PCT, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in patients with pancreatitis complicated by acute renal failure
  Changbo Liu, Mu Li, Shixiong Cao, Jianzhong Wang, Xiaoqiong Huang, Weizhen Zhong
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