Clinical Endoscopy

Drainage for fluid collections post pancreatic surgery and acute pancreatitis: similar but different?: Yousuke Nakai, Saburo Matsubara, Tsuyoshi Mukai, Tsuyoshi Hamada, Takashi Sasaki, Hirotoshi Ishiwatari, Susumu Hijioka, Hideyuki Shiomi, Mamoru Takenaka, Takuji Iwashita, Atsuhiro Masuda, Tomotaka Saito, Hiroyuki Isayama, Ichiro Yasuda, for the WONDERFUL study group in Japan; Clin Endosc 2024;57(6):735-746. Published online May 17, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.254

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Postoperative pancreatic fistulas (POPFs) are common adverse events that occur after pancreatic surgery. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided drainage (EUS-D) is a first-line treatment, similar to that for pancreatic fluid collection (PFCs) after acute pancreatitis. However, some POPFs do not develop fluid collections depending on the presence or location of the surgical drain, whereas others develop fluid collections, such as postoperative fluid collections (POPFCs). Although POPFCs are similar to PFCs, the strategy and modality for POPF management need to be modified according to the presence of fluid collections, surgical drains, and surgical type. As discussed for PFCs, the indications, timing, and selection of interventions or stents for EUS-D have not been fully elucidated for POPFs. In this review, we discuss the management of POPFs and POPFCs in comparison with PFCs due to acute pancreatitis and summarize the topics that should be addressed in future studies.

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The evolution and current state of bariatric endoscopy in Western countries: Maria Valeria Matteo, Vincenzo Bove, Valerio Pontecorvi, Loredana Gualtieri, Giorgio Carlino, Cristiano Spada, Ivo Boškoski; Clin Endosc 2024;57(6):711-724. Published online May 24, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.253

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: With the alarmingly increasing prevalence of obesity in the Western world, it has become necessary to provide more acceptable treatment options for patients with obesity. Minimally invasive endoscopic techniques are continuously evolving. Currently, metabolic and bariatric endoscopies encompass several different techniques that can offer significant weight loss and improvement in comorbidities with a favorable safety profile. Restrictive bariatric procedures include the use of intragastric balloons and gastric remodeling techniques with different suturing devices. Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of these techniques that are widely used in clinical practice. Small intestine-targeted metabolic endoscopy is an intriguing and rapidly evolving field of research, although it is not widespread in routine practice. These techniques include duodenal-jejunal bypass liners, duodenal mucosal resurfacing, and incisionless anastomoses. The aim of this review article is to provide a detailed update on the currently available bariatric endoscopy techniques in Western countries.

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Mechanism of action and selection of endoscopic bariatric therapies for treatment of obesity: Wissam Ghusn, Gerardo Calderon, Barham K. Abu Dayyeh, Andres Acosta; Clin Endosc 2024;57(6):701-710. Published online August 29, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.005

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Endoscopic bariatric therapies (EBTs) are minimally invasive and safe procedures with favorable weight loss outcomes in obesity treatment. We aimed to present the weight loss mechanism of action of EBTs and an individualized selection method for patients with obesity. We searched PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar databases for studies on the topic from databases inception to July 1, 2023, written in English. We focused on EBTs potential mechanism of action to induce weight loss. We also present an expert opinion on a novel selection of EBTs based on their mechanism of action. EBTs can result in weight loss through variable mechanisms of action. They can induce earlier satiation, delay gastric emptying, restrict the accommodative response of the stomach, decrease caloric absorption, and alter the secretion of gastrointestinal hormones. Selecting EBTs may be guided through their mechanism of action by which patients with abnormal satiation may benefit more from tissue apposition devices and aspiration therapy while patients with fast gastric emptying may be better candidates for intragastric devices, endoscopic anastomosis devices, and duodenal mucosal resurfacing. Consequently, the selection of EBTs should be guided by the mechanism of action which is specific to each type of therapy.

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Endoscopic findings of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related gastrointestinal adverse events: Min Kyu Kim, Sung Wook Hwang; Clin Endosc 2024;57(6):725-734. Published online August 29, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.003

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The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for the treatment of various malignancies is increasing. Immune-related adverse events can occur after ICI administration, with gastrointestinal adverse events constituting a significant proportion of these events. When ICI-related diarrhea/colitis is suspected, endoscopic evaluation is recommended to differentiate it from other etiologies and assess the severity of colitis. The distribution of intestinal inflammation in ICI-related colitis demonstrates a high frequency of extensive colitis (23–86%). However, isolated right-sided colitis (3–8%) and ileitis (2–16%) are less prevalent. Endoscopic findings vary and predominantly encompass features indicative of inflammatory bowel disease, including aphthae, ulcers, diffuse or patchy erythema, mucosal edema, loss of vascular pattern, and friability. The presence of ulcers and extensive intestinal inflammation are associated with a reduced response to treatment. Microscopic inflammation can be observed even in endoscopically normal mucosa, underscoring the need for biopsies of seemingly normal mucosa. Histological findings present with acute/chronic inflammation and occasionally exhibit characteristics observed in inflammatory bowel disease, microscopic colitis, or ischemic colitis. The first-line therapeutic choice for ICI-related diarrhea/colitis with a common terminology criteria for adverse events grade of 2 or above is corticosteroids, whereas infliximab and vedolizumab are recommended for refractory cases.

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Who is at risk for immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis among Korean patients?
Ji Hyun Kim, Sung Chul Park
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2025; 40(1): 3. CrossRef
CD8+ cell dominance in immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis and its heterogeneity across endoscopic features
Min Kyu Kim, Hye-Nam Son, Seung Wook Hong, Sang Hyoung Park, Dong-Hoon Yang, Byong Duk Ye, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Seung-Jae Myung, Suk-Kyun Yang, Shinkyo Yoon, Sung Wook Hwang
Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Advances in self-expandable metal stents for endoscopic ultrasound-guided interventions: Dong Kee Jang, Dong Wook Lee, Seong-Hun Kim, Kwang Bum Cho, Sundeep Lakhtakia; Clin Endosc 2024;57(5):588-594. Published online July 9, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.169

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided interventions have evolved rapidly in recent years, with dedicated metal stents playing a crucial role in this process. Specifically, the invention of biflanged short metal-covered stents, including lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS), and modifications in a variety of tubular self-expandable metal stents (SEMS), have led to innovations in EUS-guided interventions. LAMS or non-LAMS stents are commonly used in the EUS-guided drainage of pancreatic fluid collections, especially in cases of walled-off necrosis. Additionally, LAMS is commonly considered for drainage of the EUS-guided gallbladder or dilated common bile duct and EUS-guided gastroenterostomy. Fully or partially covered tubular SEMS with several new designs are being considered for EUS-guided biliary drainage. This review focuses on advances in SEMS for EUS-guided interventions and discusses related research results.

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Endoscopic stenting for malignant gastric outlet obstruction: focusing on comparison of endoscopic stenting and surgical gastrojejunostomy: Sun Gyo Lim, Chan Gyoo Kim; Clin Endosc 2024;57(5):571-580. Published online February 23, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.160

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Malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) is a condition characterized by blockage or narrowing where the stomach empties its contents into the small intestine due to primary malignant tumors or metastatic diseases. This condition leads to various symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and weight loss. To manage malignant GOO, different treatment options have been employed, including surgical gastrojejunostomy (SGJ), gastroduodenal stenting (GDS) using self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS), and endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastrojejunostomy (EUS-GJ). This review focuses on comparing the clinical outcomes of endoscopic stenting (GDS and EUS-GJ) with SGJ for malignant GOO. Studies have shown that GDS with SEMS provides comparable clinical outcomes and safety for the palliation of obstructive symptoms. The choice between covered and uncovered SEMS remains controversial, as different studies have reported varying results. EUS-GJ, performed via endoscopic ultrasound guidance, has shown promising efficacy and safety in managing malignant GOO, but further studies are needed to establish it as the primary treatment option. Comparative analyses suggest that GDS has higher recurrence and reintervention rates compared to EUS-GJ and SGJ, with similar overall procedural complications. However, bleeding rates were lower with GDS than with SGJ. Randomized controlled trials are required to determine the optimal treatment approach for malignant GOO.

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Palliative management for malignant biliary obstruction and gastric outlet obstruction from pancreatic cancer
Pengfei Wu, Kai Chen, Jin He
Annals of Gastroenterological Surgery.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Surveillance for metachronous cancers after endoscopic resection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Ryu Ishihara; Clin Endosc 2024;57(5):559-570. Published online May 10, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.263

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: The literature pertaining to surveillance following treatment for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was reviewed and summarized, encompassing the current status and future perspectives. Analysis of the standardized mortality and incidence ratios for these cancers indicates an elevated risk of cancer in the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and lungs among patients with esophageal SCC compared to the general population. To enhance the efficacy of surveillance for these metachronous cancers, risk stratification is needed. Various factors, including multiple Lugol-voiding lesions, multiple foci of dilated vascular areas, young age, and high mean corpuscular volume, have been identified as predictors of metachronous SCCs. Current practice involves stratifying the risk of metachronous esophageal and head/neck SCCs based on the presence of multiple Lugol-voiding lesions. Endoscopic surveillance, scheduled 6–12 months post-endoscopic resection, has demonstrated effectiveness, with over 90% of metachronous esophageal SCCs treatable through minimally invasive modalities. Narrow-band imaging emerges as the preferred surveillance method for esophageal and head/neck SCC based on comparative studies of various imaging techniques. Innovative approaches, such as artificial intelligence-assisted detection systems and radiofrequency ablation of high-risk background mucosa, may improve outcomes in patients following endoscopic resection.

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Painless colonoscopy: fact or fiction?: Pieter Sinonquel, Alexander Jans, Raf Bisschops; Clin Endosc 2024;57(5):581-587. Published online June 27, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.001

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Although colonoscopy is a routinely performed procedure, it is not devoid of challenges, such as the potential for perforation and considerable patient discomfort, leading to patients postponing the procedure with several healthcare risks. This review delves into preprocedural and procedural solutions, and emerging technologies aimed at addressing the drawbacks of colonoscopies. Insufflation and sedation techniques, together with various other methods, have been explored to increase patient satisfaction, and thereby, the quality of endoscopy. Recent advances in this field include the prevention of loop formation, encompassing the use of variable-stiffness endoscopes, computer-guided scopes, magnetic endoscopic imaging, robotics, and capsule endoscopy. An autonomous endoscope that relies on self-propulsion to completely avoid looping is a potentially groundbreaking technology for the next generation of endoscopes. Nevertheless, critical techniques need to be refined to ensure the development of effective and efficient endoscopes.

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Polyp Matching in Colon Capsule Endoscopy: Pioneering CCE-Colonoscopy Integration Towards an AI-Driven Future
Ian Io Lei, Ramesh Arasaradnam, Anastasios Koulaouzidis
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(23): 7034. CrossRef

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Colon stenting as a bridge to surgery in obstructive colorectal cancer management: Dong Hyun Kim, Han Hee Lee; Clin Endosc 2024;57(4):424-433. Published online March 8, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.138

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Colonic stent placement is a commonly used bridging strategy for surgery in patients with obstructive colorectal cancer. The procedure involves the placement of a self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) across the obstructive lesion to restore intestinal patency and alleviate the symptoms of obstruction. By allowing patients to receive surgery in a planned and staged manner with time for preoperative optimization and bowel preparation, stent placement may reduce the need for emergency surgery, which is associated with higher complication rates and poorer outcomes. This review focuses on the role of colon stenting as a bridge to surgery in the management of obstructive colorectal cancer. SEMS as a bridge to surgery for left-sided colon cancer has been demonstrated to be particularly useful; however, further research is needed for its application in cases of right-sided colon cancer. Colon stent placement also has limitations and potential complications including stent migration, re-obstruction, and perforation. However, the timing of curative surgery after SEMS placement remains inconclusive. Considering the literature to date, performing surgery at an interval of approximately 2 weeks is considered appropriate. Therefore, colonic stent placement may be an effective strategy as a bridge to surgery in patients with obstructive colorectal cancer.

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Chitosan Approaches in Colon Cancer Therapy: Understanding its Macromolecular Interactions and Structure-Property Relationships
Sankha Bhattacharya, Dilpreet Singh
Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B.2025; : 1. CrossRef
Development of colonic stent simulator using three-dimensional printing technique: a simulator development study in Korea
Hyundam Gu, Suyoung Lee, Sol Kim, Hye-Lim Jang, Da-Woon Choi, Kyu Seok Kim, Yu Ri Shin, Dae Young Cheung, Bo-In Lee, Jin Il Kim, Han Hee Lee
Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(6): 790. CrossRef
Self-Expandable Metal Stents for Obstructing Colon Cancer and Extracolonic Cancer: A Review of Latest Evidence
Pedro Marílio Cardoso, Eduardo Rodrigues-Pinto
Cancers.2024; 17(1): 87. CrossRef

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Clinical meaning of sarcopenia in patients undergoing endoscopic treatment: Hiroyuki Hisada, Yosuke Tsuji, Hikaru Kuribara, Ryohei Miyata, Kaori Oshio, Satoru Mizutani, Hideki Nakagawa, Rina Cho, Nobuyuki Sakuma, Yuko Miura, Hiroya Mizutani, Daisuke Ohki, Seiichi Yakabi, Yu Takahashi, Yoshiki Sakaguchi, Naomi Kakushima, Nobutake Yamamichi, Mitsuhiro Fujishiro; Clin Endosc 2024;57(4):446-453. Published online March 22, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.193

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With increasing global life expectancy, the significance of geriatric assessment parameters has increased. Sarcopenia is a crucial assessment parameter and is defined as the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength. Sarcopenia is widely acknowledged as a risk factor for postoperative complications in diverse advanced malignancies and has a detrimental effect on the long-term prognosis. While most studies have primarily concentrated on the correlation between sarcopenia and advanced cancer, more recent investigations have focused on the relationship between sarcopenia and early-stage cancer. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), which is less invasive than surgical intervention, is extensively employed in the management of early-stage cancer, although it is associated with complications such as bleeding and perforation. In recent years, several reports have revealed the adverse consequences of sarcopenia in patients with early-stage cancer undergoing ESD. This literature review briefly summarizes the recent studies on the association between sarcopenia and ESD.

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Clinical Significance of Sarcopenia in Elderly Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Yuanhao Su, Yongke Wu, Cheng Li, Yiyuan Zhao, Yunhao Li, Xing Jin, Zhidong Wang
Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2024; 69(8): 2970. CrossRef

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Potassium-competitive acid blocker-associated gastric mucosal lesions: Kimitoshi Kubo, Noriko Kimura, Mototsugu Kato; Clin Endosc 2024;57(4):417-423. Published online February 29, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.279

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Since the introduction of vonoprazan, a potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB), it has been demonstrated to reversibly inhibit gastric acid secretion by engaging in potassium-competitive ionic binding to H+/K+-ATPase. In contrast, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) achieve H+/K+-ATPase inhibition through covalent binding to cysteine residues of the proton pump. Reported cases have indicated an emerging trend of P-CAB-related gastropathies, similar to those associated with PPIs, as well as unique gastropathies specific to P-CAB use, such as the identification of web-like mucus. Pathologically, parietal cell profusions, which show a positively correlated with hypergastrinemia, have a higher incidence in P-CAB users compared to PPI users. Thus, this review aims to summarize the endoscopic and pathological findings reported to date concerning P-CAB-related gastric mucosal lesions. Additionally, it seeks to discuss the differences between the PPIs and P-CABs in terms of the formation and frequency of associated gastropathies. This review highlights the evident differences in the mechanism of action and potency of acid inhibition between P-CABs and PPIs, notably contributing to differences in the formation and frequency of associated gastropathies. It emphasizes the necessity to distinguish between P-CAB-related and PPI-related gastropathies in the clinical setting.

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Profound gastric mucosal changes and severe rebound acid hypersecretion after long‐term Vonoprazan use: A case report
Hiroko Suda, Sachi Eto, Koichi Sakurai
DEN Open.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Whitish gastric mucosa on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
Eun Jeong Gong, Chang Seok Bang
Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(2): 277. CrossRef
Vonoprazan-Associated Mucosal Redness: A Report of Two Cases
Masaya Iwamuro, Yoshiyasu Kono, Takehiro Tanaka, Seiji Kawano, Nobumasa Ikeda
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence and factors associated with web‑like mucus in the stomach after vonoprazan use
Satoshi Shinozaki, Hirotsugu Sakamoto, Hiroyuki Osawa, Tomonori Yano, Hironori Yamamoto
Biomedical Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Endoscopic ultrasound-guided needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy for pancreatic cystic lesions: current status and future prospects: Clement Chun Ho Wu, Samuel Jun Ming Lim, Damien Meng Yew Tan; Clin Endosc 2024;57(4):434-445. Published online July 8, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.157

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) have increased in prevalence due to the increased usage and advancements in cross-sectional abdominal imaging. Current diagnostic techniques cannot distinguish between PCLs requiring surgery, close surveillance, or expectant management. This has increased the morbidity and healthcare costs from inappropriately aggressive and conservative management strategies. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (nCLE) allows for microscopic examination and delineation of the surface epithelium of PCLs. Landmark studies have identified characteristics distinguishing various types of PCLs, confirmed the high diagnostic yield of EUS-nCLE (especially for PCLs with an equivocal diagnosis), and shown that EUS-nCLE helps to change management and reduce healthcare costs. Refining procedure technique and reducing procedure length have improved the safety of EUS-nCLE. The utilization of artificial intelligence and its combination with other EUS-based advanced diagnostic techniques would further improve the results of EUS-based PCL diagnosis. A structured training program and device improvements to allow more complete mapping of the pancreas cyst epithelium will be crucial for the widespread adoption of this promising technology.

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Endoscopic techniques for the diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions
Sahib Singh, Saurabh Chandan, Rakesh Vinayek, Jahnvi Dhar, Jayanta Samanta, Gabriele Capurso, Ivo Boskoski, Cristiano Spada, Jorge D Machicado, Stefano Francesco Crinò, Antonio Facciorusso
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Pathognomonic Signs in Pancreatic Cystic Lesions: What Gastroenterologists and Involved Clinicians Need to Know
Alberto Martino, Luca Barresi, Francesco Paolo Zito, Michele Amata, Roberto Fiorentino, Severo Campione, Alessandro Iacobelli, Enrico Crolla, Roberto Di Mitri, Carlo Molino, Marco Di Serafino, Giovanni Lombardi
Gastroenterology Insights.2024; 15(3): 810. CrossRef

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E-learning system to improve the endoscopic diagnosis of early gastric cancer: Kenshi Yao, Takashi Yao, Noriya Uedo, Hisashi Doyama, Hideki Ishikawa, Satoshi Nimura, Yuichi Takahashi; Clin Endosc 2024;57(3):283-292. Published online August 3, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.087

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We developed three e-learning systems for endoscopists to acquire the necessary skills to improve the diagnosis of early gastric cancer (EGC) and demonstrated their usefulness using randomized controlled trials. The subjects of the three e-learning systems were “detection”, “characterization”, and “preoperative assessment”. The contents of each e-learning system included “technique”, “knowledge”, and “obtaining experience”. All e-learning systems proved useful for endoscopists to learn how to diagnose EGC. Lecture videos describing “the technique” and “the knowledge” can be beneficial. In addition, repeating 100 self-study cases allows learners to gain “experience” and improve their diagnostic skills further. Web-based e-learning systems have more advantages than other teaching methods because the number of participants is unlimited. Histopathological diagnosis is the gold standard for the diagnosis of gastric cancer. Therefore, we developed a comprehensive diagnostic algorithm to standardize the histopathological diagnosis of gastric cancer. Once we have successfully shown that this algorithm is helpful for the accurate histopathological diagnosis of cancer, we will complete a series of e-learning systems designed to assess EGC accurately.

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Pitfalls in Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Early Gastric Cancer with Papillary Adenocarcinoma
Gwang Ha Kim
Gut and Liver.2024; 18(3): 368. CrossRef
Comparing Raman Spectroscopy-Based Artificial Intelligence to High-Definition White Light Endoscopy for Endoscopic Diagnosis of Gastric Neoplasia: A Feasibility Proof-of-Concept Study
Tse Kiat Soong, Guo Wei Kim, Daryl Kai Ann Chia, Jimmy Bok Yan So, Jonathan Wei Jie Lee, Asim Shabbbir, Jeffrey Huey Yew Lum, Gwyneth Shook Ting Soon, Khek Yu Ho
Diagnostics.2024; 14(24): 2839. CrossRef

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The role of cap-assisted endoscopy and its future implications: Sol Kim, Bo-In Lee; Clin Endosc 2024;57(3):293-301. Published online February 7, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.051

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Cap-assisted endoscopy refers to a procedure in which a short tube made of a polymer (mostly transparent) is attached to the distal tip of the endoscope to enhance its diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities. It is reported to be particularly useful in: (1) minimizing blind spots during screening colonoscopy, (2) providing a constant distance from a lesion for clear visualization during magnifying endoscopy, (3) accurately assessing the size of various gastrointestinal lesions, (4) preventing mucosal injury during foreign body removal, (5) securing adequate workspace in the submucosal space during endoscopic submucosal dissection or third space endoscopy, (6) providing an optimal approach angle to a target, and (7) suctioning mucosal and submucosal tissue with negative pressure for resection or approximation. Here, we review various applications of attachable caps in diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy and their future implications.

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A retrospective single-center study of transnasal ileus tube insertion accompanied with cap-assisted endoscopic advancement for malignant adhesive bowel obstruction
Su-Yu Chen, Rui Huang, Yu Zhang, Zhao-Fei Xie, He Huang, Hong Shi
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Role of endoscopic duodenojejunal bypass liner in obesity management and glycemic control: Willian Ferreira Igi, Victor Lira de Oliveira, Ayah Matar, Diogo Turiani Hourneaux de Moura; Clin Endosc 2024;57(3):309-316. Published online February 15, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.217

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The treatment of obesity and its comorbidities ranges from clinical management involving lifestyle changes and medications to bariatric and metabolic surgery. Various endoscopic bariatric and metabolic therapies recently emerged to address an important therapeutic gap by offering a less invasive alternative to surgery that is more effective than conservative therapies. This article comprehensively reviews the technical aspects, mechanism of action, outcomes, and future perspectives of one of the most promising endoscopic bariatric and metabolic therapies, named duodenojejunal bypass liner. The duodenojejunal bypass liner mimics the mechanism of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass by preventing food contact with the duodenum and proximal jejunum, thereby initiating a series of hormonal changes that lead to delayed gastric emptying and malabsorptive effects. These physiological changes result in significant weight loss and improved metabolic control, leading to better glycemic levels, preventing dyslipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and mitigating cardiovascular risk. However, concern exists regarding the safety profile of this device due to the reported high rates of severe adverse events, particularly liver abscesses. Ongoing technical changes aiming to reduce adverse events are being evaluated in clinical trials and may provide more reliable data to support its routine use in clinical practice.

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Bacteroides and NAFLD: pathophysiology and therapy
Jun Zhang, Jing Zhou, Zheyun He, Hongshan Li
Frontiers in Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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As how artificial intelligence is revolutionizing endoscopy: Jean-Francois Rey; Clin Endosc 2024;57(3):302-308. Published online March 8, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.230

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

With incessant advances in information technology and its implications in all domains of our lives, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a requirement for improved machine performance. This brings forth the query of how this can benefit endoscopists and improve both diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy in each part of the gastrointestinal tract. Additionally, it also raises the question of the recent benefits and clinical usefulness of this new technology in daily endoscopic practice. There are two main categories of AI systems: computer-assisted detection (CADe) for lesion detection and computer-assisted diagnosis (CADx) for optical biopsy and lesion characterization. Quality assurance is the next step in the complete monitoring of high-quality colonoscopies. In all cases, computer-aided endoscopy is used, as the overall results rely on the physician. Video capsule endoscopy is a unique example in which a computer operates a device, stores multiple images, and performs an accurate diagnosis. While there are many expectations, we need to standardize and assess various software packages. It is important for healthcare providers to support this new development and make its use an obligation in daily clinical practice. In summary, AI represents a breakthrough in digestive endoscopy. Screening for gastric and colonic cancer detection should be improved, particularly outside expert centers. Prospective and multicenter trials are mandatory before introducing new software into clinical practice.

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Deep Learning-Based Real-Time Organ Localization and Transit Time Estimation in Wireless Capsule Endoscopy
Seung-Joo Nam, Gwiseong Moon, Jung-Hwan Park, Yoon Kim, Yun Jeong Lim, Hyun-Soo Choi
Biomedicines.2024; 12(8): 1704. CrossRef
Understanding the discrepancy in the effectiveness of artificial intelligence-assisted colonoscopy: from randomized controlled trials to clinical reality
Jung Ho Bae
Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(6): 765. CrossRef
Edge Artificial Intelligence Device in Real-Time Endoscopy for Classification of Gastric Neoplasms: Development and Validation Study
Eun Jeong Gong, Chang Seok Bang, Jae Jun Lee
Biomimetics.2024; 9(12): 783. CrossRef

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Quality indicators of endoscopic ultrasound in the pancreatobiliary system: a brief review of current guidelines: Sung Yong Han, Hyung Ku Chon, Seong-Hun Kim, Sang Hyub Lee, The Research Group for Endoscopic Ultrasound in Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy; Clin Endosc 2024;57(2):158-163. Published online June 9, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.064

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Since its development, the use of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in the pancreas and the biliary tract has become increasingly important. The accuracy of EUS varies depending on the experience of the endoscopist. Hence, quality control measures using appropriate indicators are required to reduce these variations. American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy have announced the EUS quality indicators. Here, we reviewed the quality indicators of the EUS procedure in the current published guidelines.

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A remnant cystic duct presenting as a duodenal subepithelial tumor
Gwang Ha Kim, Dong Chan Joo
Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(2): 268. CrossRef

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475 Download
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Role of contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and EUS elastography in pancreatic lesions: Yasunobu Yamashita, Masayuki Kitano; Clin Endosc 2024;57(2):164-174. Published online January 17, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.074

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Pancreatic cancers have a poor prognosis, and their incident rates have risen. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is an efficient and reliable diagnostic modality for pancreatic lesions, providing high spatial resolution. However, while EUS helps to detect minor pancreatic lesions, nearly all solid pancreatic lesions are hypoechoic, which creates difficulty in making differential diagnoses of pancreatic lesions. When diagnosing pancreatic lesions, the performance of image-enhanced EUS techniques is essential, such as EUS elastography or contrast-enhanced harmonic EUS (CH-EUS). CH-EUS diagnosis is based on assessing the vascularity of lesions, whereas tissue elasticity is measured via EUS elastography. Elastography is either strain or shear-wave, depending on the different mechanical properties being evaluated. The usefulness of enhanced EUS techniques is demonstrated in this review for the differential diagnosis of pancreatic lesions, including solid and cystic lesions, and pancreatic cancer staging.

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Endoscopic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and Fine-Needle Aspiration or Biopsy for the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Solid Lesions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Giorgio Esposto, Giuseppe Massimiani, Linda Galasso, Paolo Santini, Raffaele Borriello, Irene Mignini, Maria Elena Ainora, Alberto Nicoletti, Lorenzo Zileri Dal Verme, Antonio Gasbarrini, Sergio Alfieri, Giuseppe Quero, Maria Assunta Zocco
Cancers.2024; 16(9): 1658. CrossRef
Endoscopic Ultrasound and Gastric Sub-Epithelial Lesions: Ultrasonographic Features, Tissue Acquisition Strategies, and Therapeutic Management
Marzia Varanese, Marco Spadaccini, Antonio Facciorusso, Gianluca Franchellucci, Matteo Colombo, Marta Andreozzi, Daryl Ramai, Davide Massimi, Roberto De Sire, Ludovico Alfarone, Antonio Capogreco, Roberta Maselli, Cesare Hassan, Alessandro Fugazza, Alessa
Medicina.2024; 60(10): 1695. CrossRef
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Pancreatic Tissue Sampling: Lesion Assessment, Needles, and Techniques
Jahnvi Dhar, Jayanta Samanta, Zaheer Nabi, Manik Aggarwal, Maria Cristina Conti Bellocchi, Antonio Facciorusso, Luca Frulloni, Stefano Francesco Crinò
Medicina.2024; 60(12): 2021. CrossRef

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Forward viewing liner echoendoscopy for therapeutic interventions: Kazuo Hara, Nozomi Okuno, Shin Haba, Takamichi Kuwahara; Clin Endosc 2024;57(2):175-180. Published online February 29, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.271

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Therapeutic endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) procedures using the forward-viewing convex EUS (FV-EUS) have been reviewed based on the articles reported to date. The earliest reported procedure is the drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts using FV-EUS. However, the study on drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts focused on showing that drainage is possible with FV-EUS rather than leveraging its features. Subsequently, studies describing the characteristics of FV-EUS have been reported. By using FV-EUS in EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy, double punctures in the gastrointestinal tract can be avoided. In postoperative modified anatomical cases, using the endoscopic function of FV-EUS, procedures such as bile duct drainage from anastomosis, pancreatic duct drainage from the afferent limb, and abscess drainage from the digestive tract have been reported. When a perpendicular puncture to the gastrointestinal tract is required or when there is a need to insert the endoscope deep into the gastrointestinal tract, FV-EUS is considered among the options.

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Failed endoscopic ultrasound‐guided gallbladder drainage across the duodenal covered metallic stent salvaged by using a forward‐viewing linear echoendoscope
Tesshin Ban, Yoshimasa Kubota, Takashi Joh
Digestive Endoscopy.2024; 36(12): 1389. CrossRef
Stent misdeployment and factors associated with failure in endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy: analysis of the combined datasets from two randomized trials
Yen-I Chen, Clara Long, Anand V. Sahai, Bertrand Napoleon, Gianfranco Donatelli, Rastislav Kunda, Myriam Martel, Shannon M. Chan, Paolo G. Arcidiacono, Eric Lam, Pradermchai Kongkam, Nauzer Forbes, Alberto Larghi, Jeffrey D. Mosko, Schalk Van der Merwe, S
Endoscopy.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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International Digestive Endoscopy Network consensus on the management of antithrombotic agents in patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy: Seung Joo Kang, Chung Hyun Tae, Chang Seok Bang, Cheol Min Shin, Young-Hoon Jeong, Miyoung Choi, Joo Ha Hwang, Yutaka Saito, Philip Wai Yan Chiu, Rungsun Rerknimitr, Christopher Khor, Vu Van Khien, Kee Don Choi, Ki-Nam Shim, Geun Am Song, Oh Young Lee, The Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines; Clin Endosc 2024;57(2):141-157. Published online March 14, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.002

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Antithrombotic agents, including antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants, are widely used in Korea because of the increasing incidence of cardiocerebrovascular disease and the aging population. The management of patients using antithrombotic agents during endoscopic procedures is an important clinical challenge. The clinical practice guidelines for this issue, developed by the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, were published in 2020. However, new evidence on the use of dual antiplatelet therapy and direct anticoagulant management has emerged, and revised guidelines have been issued in the United States and Europe. Accordingly, the previous guidelines were revised. Cardiologists were part of the group that developed the guideline, and the recommendations went through a consensus-reaching process among international experts. This guideline presents 14 recommendations made based on the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology and was reviewed by multidisciplinary experts. These guidelines provide useful information that can assist endoscopists in the management of patients receiving antithrombotic agents who require diagnostic and elective therapeutic endoscopy. It will be revised as necessary to cover changes in technology, evidence, or other aspects of clinical practice.

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EUS-guided gallbladder drainage for patients with antithrombotic therapy: Intervention or medication?
Liqi Sun, Jiang Liu
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2025; 101(1): 226. CrossRef
Prediction of immediate bleeding after cold snare polypectomy: A prospective observational study
Shin Ju Oh, Yunho Jung, Young Hwangbo, Young Sin Cho, Il Kwun Chung, Chang Kyun Lee
Medicine.2024; 103(36): e39597. CrossRef

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Use of artificial intelligence in the management of T1 colorectal cancer: a new tool in the arsenal or is deep learning out of its depth?: James Weiquan Li, Lai Mun Wang, Katsuro Ichimasa, Kenneth Weicong Lin, James Chi-Yong Ngu, Tiing Leong Ang; Clin Endosc 2024;57(1):24-35. Published online September 25, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.036

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The field of artificial intelligence is rapidly evolving, and there has been an interest in its use to predict the risk of lymph node metastasis in T1 colorectal cancer. Accurately predicting lymph node invasion may result in fewer patients undergoing unnecessary surgeries; conversely, inadequate assessments will result in suboptimal oncological outcomes. This narrative review aims to summarize the current literature on deep learning for predicting the probability of lymph node metastasis in T1 colorectal cancer, highlighting areas of potential application and barriers that may limit its generalizability and clinical utility.

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Prediction of Lymph Node Metastasis in T1 Colorectal Cancer Using Artificial Intelligence with Hematoxylin and Eosin-Stained Whole-Slide-Images of Endoscopic and Surgical Resection Specimens
Joo Hye Song, Eun Ran Kim, Yiyu Hong, Insuk Sohn, Soomin Ahn, Seok-Hyung Kim, Kee-Taek Jang
Cancers.2024; 16(10): 1900. CrossRef
Approaches and considerations in the endoscopic treatment of T1 colorectal cancer
Yunho Jung
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2024; 39(4): 563. CrossRef
Edge Artificial Intelligence Device in Real-Time Endoscopy for Classification of Gastric Neoplasms: Development and Validation Study
Eun Jeong Gong, Chang Seok Bang, Jae Jun Lee
Biomimetics.2024; 9(12): 783. CrossRef

3,623 View
279 Download
3 Web of Science
3 Crossref

Computer-aided polyp characterization in colonoscopy: sufficient performance or not?: Natalie Halvorsen, Yuichi Mori; Clin Endosc 2024;57(1):18-23. Published online January 5, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.092

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Computer-assisted polyp characterization (computer-aided diagnosis, CADx) facilitates optical diagnosis during colonoscopy. Several studies have demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity of CADx tools in identifying neoplastic changes in colorectal polyps. To implement CADx tools in colonoscopy, there is a need to confirm whether these tools satisfy the threshold levels that are required to introduce optical diagnosis strategies such as “diagnose-and-leave,” “resect-and-discard” or “DISCARD-lite.” In this article, we review the available data from prospective trials regarding the effect of multiple CADx tools and discuss whether they meet these thresholds.

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Building Machine Learning Models in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Giulio Antonelli, Tom Eelbode, Touka Elsaman, Mrigya Sharma, Raf Bisschops, Cesare Hassan
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Cost-Effectiveness for Artificial Intelligence in Colonoscopy
Natalie Halvorsen, Yuichi Mori
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Edge Artificial Intelligence Device in Real-Time Endoscopy for Classification of Gastric Neoplasms: Development and Validation Study
Eun Jeong Gong, Chang Seok Bang, Jae Jun Lee
Biomimetics.2024; 9(12): 783. CrossRef

2,950 View
178 Download
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Application of artificial intelligence for diagnosis of early gastric cancer based on magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging: Yusuke Horiuchi, Toshiaki Hirasawa, Junko Fujisaki; Clin Endosc 2024;57(1):11-17. Published online January 5, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.173

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Although magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging is the standard diagnostic test for gastric cancer, diagnosing gastric cancer using this technology requires considerable skill. Artificial intelligence has superior image recognition, and its usefulness in endoscopic image diagnosis has been reported in many cases. The diagnostic performance (accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity) of artificial intelligence using magnifying endoscopy with narrow band still images and videos for gastric cancer was higher than that of expert endoscopists, suggesting the usefulness of artificial intelligence in diagnosing gastric cancer. Histological diagnosis of gastric cancer using artificial intelligence is also promising. However, previous studies on the use of artificial intelligence to diagnose gastric cancer were small-scale; thus, large-scale studies are necessary to examine whether a high diagnostic performance can be achieved. In addition, the diagnosis of gastric cancer using artificial intelligence has not yet become widespread in clinical practice, and further research is necessary. Therefore, in the future, artificial intelligence must be further developed as an instrument, and its diagnostic performance is expected to improve with the accumulation of numerous cases nationwide.

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Combination of artificial intelligence endoscopic diagnosis and Kimura‐Takemoto classification determined by endoscopic experts may effectively evaluate the stratification of gastric atrophy in post‐eradication status
Kumiko Kirita, Seiji Futagami, Ken Nakamura, Shuhei Agawa, Nobue Ueki, Kazutoshi Higuchi, Mayu Habiro, Rie Kawawa, Yusuke Kato, Tomohiro Tada, Katsuhiko Iwakiri
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Identification and validation of serum MUC17 as a non‐invasive early warning biomarker for screening of gastric intraepithelial neoplasia
Bingxue Yang, Xiaoli Xie, Xiaoxu Jin, Xiuhong Huang, Yujian He, Kaige Yin, Chenguang Ji, Li Liu, Zhijie Feng
Translational Oncology.2025; 51: 102207. CrossRef
Pitfalls in Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Early Gastric Cancer with Papillary Adenocarcinoma
Gwang Ha Kim
Gut and Liver.2024; 18(3): 368. CrossRef
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Eun Jeong Gong, Chang Seok Bang, Jae Jun Lee
Biomimetics.2024; 9(12): 783. CrossRef

3,869 View
239 Download
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Advanced endoscopic imaging for detection of Barrett’s esophagus: Netanel Zilberstein, Michelle Godbee, Neal A. Mehta, Irving Waxman; Clin Endosc 2024;57(1):1-10. Published online January 5, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.031

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Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is the precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), and is caused by chronic gastroesophageal reflux. BE can progress over time from metaplasia to dysplasia, and eventually to EAC. EAC is associated with a poor prognosis, often due to advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. However, if BE is diagnosed early, pharmacologic and endoscopic treatments can prevent progression to EAC. The current standard of care for BE surveillance utilizes the Seattle protocol. Unfortunately, a sizable proportion of early EAC and BE-related high-grade dysplasia (HGD) are missed due to poor adherence to the Seattle protocol and sampling errors. New modalities using artificial intelligence (AI) have been proposed to improve the detection of early EAC and BE-related HGD. This review will focus on AI technology and its application to various endoscopic modalities such as high-definition white light endoscopy, narrow-band imaging, and volumetric laser endomicroscopy.

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Gender disparities and woman-specific trends in Barrett’s esophagus in the United States: An 11-year nationwide population-based study
Karina Fatakhova, Faisal Inayat, Hassam Ali, Pratik Patel, Attiq Ur Rehman, Arslan Afzal, Muhammad Sarfraz, Shiza Sarfraz, Gul Nawaz, Ahtshamullah Chaudhry, Rubaid Dhillon, Arthur Dilibe, Benjamin Glazebnik, Lindsey Jones, Emily Glazer
World Journal of Methodology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Advancements in Barrett's esophagus detection: The role of artificial intelligence and its implications
Sara Massironi
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2024; 30(11): 1494. CrossRef
Advanced Esophageal Endoscopy
Kyoungwon Jung, Rebecca M. Haug, Andrew Y. Wang
Gastroenterology Clinics of North America.2024; 53(4): 603. CrossRef

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Single-balloon enteroscopy-assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with surgically altered anatomy: a technical review: Yuki Tanisaka, Masafumi Mizuide, Akashi Fujita, Rie Shiomi, Takahiro Shin, Kei Sugimoto, Shomei Ryozawa; Clin Endosc 2023;56(6):716-725. Published online April 17, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.023

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Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with surgically altered anatomy is technically challenging. For example, scope insertion, selective cannulation, and intended procedures, such as stone extraction or stent placement, can be difficult. Single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE)-assisted ERCP has been used to effectively and safely address these technical issues in clinical practice. However, the small working channel limits its therapeutic potential. To address this shortcoming, a short-type SBE (short SBE) with a working length of 152 cm and a channel of 3.2 mm diameter has recently been introduced. Short SBE facilitates the use of larger accessories to complete certain procedures, such as stone extraction or self-expandable metallic stent placement. Despite the development in the SBE endoscope, various steps have to be overcome to successfully perform such procedure. To improve success, the challenging factors of each procedure must be identified. At the same time, endoscopists need to be mindful of adverse events, such as perforation, which can arise due to adhesions specific to the surgically altered anatomy. This review discussed technical tips regarding SBE-assisted ERCP in patients with surgically altered anatomy to increase success and reduce the risk of adverse events associated with ERCP.

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Advanced technical tips and recent insights in ERCP using balloon‐assisted endoscopy
Masaaki Shimatani, Toshiyuki Mitsuyama, Takeshi Yamashina, Masahiro Takeo, Shunsuke Horitani, Natsuko Saito, Hironao Matsumoto, Masahiro Orino, Masataka Kano, Takafumi Yuba, Takuya Takayama, Tatsuya Nakagawa, Shoji Takayama
DEN Open.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy of texture and color enhancement imaging for short‐type single‐balloon enteroscopy‐assisted biliary cannulation in patients with Roux‐en‐Y gastrectomy: Multicenter study (with video)
Yuki Tanisaka, Mamoru Takenaka, Masafumi Mizuide, Akashi Fujita, Ryuhei Jinushi, Takahiro Shin, Kei Sugimoto, Ken Kamata, Kosuke Minaga, Shunsuke Omoto, Tomohiro Yamazaki, Shomei Ryozawa
Digestive Endoscopy.2024; 36(9): 1030. CrossRef
Progress in minimally invasive treatment of biliary pancreatic duct obstruction after digestive tract reconstruction by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Ru-Yi Wang, Zhen Fan
World Chinese Journal of Digestology.2024; 32(7): 490. CrossRef
Endoscopic Management of Biliary and Pancreatic Pathologies in Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Patients: Development of a Treatment Algorithm Based on 9-Year Experience
Laurent Monino, Lancelot Marique, Yannick Deswysen, Maximilien Thoma, Pierre H. Deprez, Pierre Goffette, Benoit Navez, Tom G. Moreels
Obesity Surgery.2024; 34(10): 3717. CrossRef
Use of short single-balloon enteroscopy in patients with surgically altered anatomy: a single-center experience
Songming Ding, Shanjie Dong, Hengkai Zhu, Yiting Hu, Shusen Zheng, Qiyong Li
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Emergency Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration for Acute Cholangitis in Cases with Difficulty with an Endoscopic Approach
Naoki Matsumoto, Isao Sato, Yoshihide Chino, Makoto Mizutani, Tomotake Tabata, Tomoyuki Tagi, Shigeyoshi Shimaoka, Takafumi Oe
The Japanese Journal of Gastroenterological Surgery.2024; 57(11): 535. CrossRef
Development and evaluation of artificial organ models for ERCP training in patients with surgically altered anatomies
Kai Koch, Benedikt Duckworth-Mothes, Ulrich Schweizer, Karl-Ernst Grund, Tom G. Moreels, Alfred Königsrainer, Dörte Wichmann
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Simplified single-session EUS-guided transhepatic antegrade stone removal for management of choledocholithiasis in patients with surgically altered anatomy
Tingting Yu, Suning Hou, Haiming Du, Wei Zhang, Jiao Tian, Yankun Hou, Jun Yao, Senlin Hou, Lichao Zhang
Gastroenterology Report.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Endoscopic treatment of upper gastrointestinal postsurgical leaks: a narrative review: Renato Medas, Eduardo Rodrigues-Pinto; Clin Endosc 2023;56(6):693-705. Published online July 3, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.043

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Upper gastrointestinal postsurgical leaks are life-threatening conditions with high mortality rates and are one of the most feared complications of surgery. Leaks are challenging to manage and often require radiological, endoscopic, or surgical intervention. Steady advancements in interventional endoscopy in recent decades have allowed the development of new endoscopic devices and techniques that provide a more effective and minimally invasive therapeutic option compared to surgery. Since there is no consensus regarding the most appropriate therapeutic approach for managing postsurgical leaks, this review aimed to summarize the best available current data. Our discussion specifically focuses on leak diagnosis, treatment aims, comparative endoscopic technique outcomes, and combined multimodality approach efficacy.

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RESULTS OF THE APPLICATION OF ENDOSURGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF EARLY INTRAABDOMINAL COMPLICATIONS IN POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD
I. A. Yusubov, E. Y. Sharifov
World of Medicine and Biology.2024; 20(89): 184. CrossRef

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Role of endoscopy in gastroesophageal reflux disease: Daniel Martin Simadibrata, Elvira Lesmana, Ronnie Fass; Clin Endosc 2023;56(6):681-692. Published online October 12, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.182

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In general, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is diagnosed clinically based on typical symptoms and/or response to proton pump inhibitor treatment. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is reserved for patients presenting with alarm symptoms, such as dysphagia, odynophagia, significant weight loss, gastrointestinal bleeding, or anorexia; those who meet the criteria for Barrett’s esophagus screening; those who report a lack or partial response to proton pump inhibitor treatment; and those with prior endoscopic or surgical anti-reflux interventions. Newer endoscopic techniques are primarily used to increase diagnostic yield and provide an alternative to medical or surgical treatment for GERD. The available endoscopic modalities for the diagnosis of GERD include conventional endoscopy with white-light imaging, high-resolution and high-magnification endoscopy, chromoendoscopy, image-enhanced endoscopy (narrow-band imaging, I- SCAN, flexible spectral imaging color enhancement, blue laser imaging, and linked color imaging), and confocal laser endomicroscopy. Endoscopic techniques for treating GERD include esophageal radiofrequency energy delivery/Stretta procedure, transoral incisionless fundoplication, and endoscopic full-thickness plication. Other novel techniques include anti-reflux mucosectomy, peroral endoscopic cardiac constriction, endoscopic submucosal dissection, and endoscopic band ligation. Currently, many of the new endoscopic techniques are not widely available, and their use is limited to centers of excellence.

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Exploring esophagogastric junction morphology and contractile integral: implications for refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease pathophysiology
Sihui Lin, Zhilong Chen, Wei Jiang, Yucheng Zhu
Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology.2025; : 1. CrossRef
Long-term efficacy of endoscopic radiofrequency Stretta therapy for patients with refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease
Sung Eun Kim
Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(1): 48. CrossRef
Correlation of Endoscopic and Histopathological Diagnoses in Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Lesions: A Cross-Sectional Study
Sudhasmita Rauta, Pratima Baisakh, Aswini K Sahoo, Dhiren K Panda, Manas R Baisakh, Sushree s Dash
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The role of ghrelin and leptin in the formation of morphological changes esophagus of patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease against type 2 diabetes
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EUREKA: Health Sciences.2023; (4): 24. CrossRef

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Endoscopic management of postoperative bleeding: Sung Hyeok Ryou, Ki Bae Bang; Clin Endosc 2023;56(6):706-715. Published online November 2, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.028

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Postoperative gastrointestinal bleeding is a rare but serious complication that can lead to prolonged hospitalization and significant morbidity and mortality. It can be managed by reoperation, endoscopy, or radiological intervention. Although reoperation carries risks, particularly in critically ill postoperative patients, minimally invasive interventions, such as endoscopy or radiological intervention, confer advantages. Endoscopy allows localization of the bleeding focus and hemostatic management at the same time. Although there have been concerns regarding the potential risk of creating an anastomotic disruption or perforation during early postoperative endoscopy, endoscopic management has become more popular over time. However, there is currently no consensus on the best endoscopic management for postoperative gastrointestinal bleeding because most practices are based on retrospective case series. Furthermore, there is a wide range of individual complexities in anatomical and clinical settings after surgery. This review focused on the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic management in various surgical settings.

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Letter to the editor on “early postoperative endoscopy for predicting anastomotic leakage after minimally invasive esophagectomy: A large-volume retrospective study”
Judith Sánchez-Zavaleta, Doyler Cubas-García
Surgery.2024; : 108890. CrossRef
Evaluating the efficacy of a novel hemostatic powder compared with traditional treatments in nonvariceal upper GI bleeding: a multicenter, randomized, noninferiority study
Da Hyun Jung, Jun Chul Park, Joon Sung Kim, Moon Won Lee, Hyuk Lee, Gwang Ha Kim
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Role of linked color imaging for upper gastrointestinal disease: present and future: Sang Pyo Lee; Clin Endosc 2023;56(5):546-552. Published online June 9, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.015

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Techniques for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy are advancing to facilitate lesion detection and improve prognosis. However, most early tumors in the upper gastrointestinal tract exhibit subtle color changes or morphological features that are difficult to detect using white light imaging. Linked color imaging (LCI) has been developed to overcome these shortcomings; it expands or reduces color information to clarify color differences, thereby facilitating the detection and observation of lesions. This article summarizes the characteristics of LCI and advances in LCI-related research in the upper gastrointestinal tract field.

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Upper gastrointestinal signs and symptoms: assessment, management and referral pathways
Hasan Alsararatee
Gastrointestinal Nursing.2024; 22(4): 192. CrossRef
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Kyueng-Whan Min, One-Zoong Kim
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Gwang Ha Kim
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 29(43): 5800. CrossRef

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Role of endoscopy in patients with achalasia: So Young Han, Young Hoon Youn; Clin Endosc 2023;56(5):537-545. Published online June 2, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.001

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Achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder characterized by impaired lower esophageal sphincter relaxation and peristalsis of the esophageal body. With the increasing prevalence of achalasia, interest in the role of endoscopy in its diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring is also growing. The major diagnostic modalities for achalasia include high-resolution manometry, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and barium esophagography. Endoscopic assessment is important for early diagnosis to rule out diseases that mimic achalasia symptoms, such as pseudo-achalasia, esophageal cancer, esophageal webs, and eosinophilic esophagitis. The major endoscopic characteristics suggestive of achalasia include a widened esophageal lumen and food residue in the esophagus. Once diagnosed, achalasia can be treated either endoscopically or surgically. The preference for endoscopic treatment is increasing owing to its minimal invasiveness. Botulinum toxins, pneumatic balloon dilation, and peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) are important endoscopic treatments. Previous studies have demonstrated excellent treatment outcomes for POEM, with >95% improvement in dysphagia, making POEM the mainstay treatment option for achalasia. Several studies have reported an increased risk of esophageal cancer in patients with achalasia. However, routine endoscopic surveillance remains controversial owing to the lack of sufficient data. Further studies on surveillance methods and duration are warranted to establish concordant guidelines for the endoscopic surveillance of achalasia.

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Sol Kim, Bo-In Lee
Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(3): 293. CrossRef
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Tae Hee Lee
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Case of Concomitant Endoscopic Treatment of Achalasia with Superficial Esophageal Cancer
Myung-Hun Lee, Kyoungwon Jung, Jae Hyun Kim, Sung Eun Kim, Won Moon, Moo In Park, Seun Ja Park
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 82(5): 248. CrossRef

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