Clinical Endoscopy

Review

Korean clinical practice guidelines for bowel preparation before colonoscopy: Jae Hyun Kim, Seung-Joo Nam, Beom Jae Lee, Eun Ran Kim, Eun Sun Kim, Eun Soo Kim, Chang Kyun Lee, Yehyun Park, Geom Seog Seo, Jong-Jae Park, Hyun-Soo Kim, The Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy; Clin Endosc 2026;59(4):529-556. Published online April 22, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2026.053

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Appropriate bowel cleansing is essential for successful and safe colonoscopy. Inadequate bowel cleansing can lead to poor visualization of the delicate mucosa, leading to missed precancerous lesions, increased risk of procedure-related complications, and increased medical costs due to re-examination. Several types of bowel cleansing agents that improve ease of administration have been developed in recent years, and the clinical outcomes have been published. Bowel cleansing efficiency can differ between races due to differences in socio-environmental factors, including dietary patterns. This paper is the first Korean clinical guideline for bowel preparation for colonoscopy, formulated by the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. These guidelines were developed using adaptation methods and the findings of studies on Korean patients; recently published studies were considered to the extent possible. These guidelines will be revised as and when new data regarding bowel preparation are accumulated.

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Original Articles

Feasibility of Wearable Display Glasses for Medical Students in the Endoscopy Room: Kang Won Lee, Hyuk Soon Choi, Hoon Jai Chun, Jae Min Lee, Eun Sun Kim, Bora Keum, Yeon Seok Seo, Yoon Tae Jeen, Soon Ho Um, Hong Sik Lee; Clin Endosc 2021;54(5):694-700. Published online March 15, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2020.246

Abstract PDF

Background
/Aims: Several attempts have been made to incorporate smart glasses in the medical field. We applied wearable display glasses to show the position of an observer during endoscopy and compared students’ responses between the conventional and new methods.
Methods
We surveyed 28 medical students regarding the use of wearable display devices. The students used wearable display glasses to observe an endoscopic procedure and answered the prepared questionnaire. Their collected responses were analyzed for statistical correlations between each variable.
Results
The survey of medical students revealed disadvantages including dizziness (dissatisfied and very dissatisfied: 21.5%) and eye fatigue (25% dissatisfied) and advantages including concentration (satisfied and very satisfied: 57.2%) and securing patient rights (71.4%). The students showed more positive than negative reviews regarding the new devices (32.1% vs. 21.5%).
Conclusions
We investigated the advantages and disadvantages of viewing the endoscope image with new wearable display glasses compared to the conventional method using the survey to record user experience. The results revealed relatively positive responses from the medical students in the survey. If the new device compensates for some shortcomings, its use in the endoscopy room will be feasible.

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A simulation study on optimizing stationary camera locations for physician-directed telemedical supervision of prehospital advanced life support: Single-versus dual-camera setups
Joo Jeong, Kyoung-Jun Song, Jung Chan Lee, Sang Do Shin, Yu Jin Kim
Medicine.2026; 105(28): e49685. CrossRef
A systematic literature review on integrating AI-powered smart glasses into digital health management for proactive healthcare solutions
Boyuan Wang, Ying Zheng, Xihao Han, Liang Kong, Gexin Xiao, Zunxiong Xiao, Shanji Chen
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Surgery is not a game: the importance of human centered design in medical extended reality device development
Ali H. Dhanaliwala, Marc Egeth, Mary Beth Privitera
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Eun Jeong Gong, Jieun Woo, Jae Jun Lee, Chang Seok Bang
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A remote clinical clerkship program for severe COVID-19 in ICU using smart glasses: questionnaire survey
Nobuyuki Nosaka, Hideo Yamanouch, Kazuki Takada, Kenji Wakabayashi
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Smart Glasses to Facilitate Ultrasound Guided Peripheral Intravenous Access in the Simulation Setting for Thai Emergency Medical Service Providers
Kamonwon Ienghong, Lap Woon Cheung, Pornpawit Wongwan, Korakot Apiratwarakul
Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare.2023; Volume 16: 2201. CrossRef

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Novel Ablation Therapy Using Endoscopic Irreversible Electroporation in the Bile Duct: A Pilot Animal Study: Kang Won Lee, Jae Min Lee, Hyuk Soon Choi, Eun Sun Kim, Bora Keum, Yeon Seok Seo, Yoon Tae Jeen, Soon Ho Um, Hong Sik Lee, Hoon Jai Chun, Chang Duck Kim, Chi Hyuk Oh, Hong Bae Kim; Clin Endosc 2021;54(3):413-419. Published online October 20, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2020.126

Abstract PDF

Background
/Aims: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a relatively new ablation method. However, the application of IRE ablation in the treatment of biliary disease has not been attempted. A minimally invasive approach using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) can be a novel therapeutic modality for IRE ablation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the feasibility of endoscopic IRE for the biliary tract using an animal model.
Methods
A new catheter-type electrode was developed for endoscopic IRE ablation of the biliary tract. We performed ERCP and endoscopic IRE ablations in the normal common bile duct of Yorkshire pigs. The experimental setting of IRE was 500 V/cm (50 pulses, 100-µs length). The animals were sacrificed after 24 hr, and the ablated bile duct was examined.
Results
Well-demarcated focal color changes were observed on the mucosa of the common bile duct. The depth of change after IRE was confined to the mucosal and submucosal layers. Apoptotic changes in the bile duct were observed only around the IRE ablation area. Immunohistochemistry assay showed cell death in the bile duct along the electrode.
Conclusions
Endoscopic IRE ablation using ERCP was successfully performed in the common bile duct. It can be a potential option for the treatment of biliary tumors.

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Coaxially Printed Electroablation Catheter for Magnetically Actuated Navigation and Localized Tissue Ablation
Xiaonan Sun, Tong Wu, Fuqian Chen, Qingyu Yu, Binbin Zhang, Lelun Jiang, Yuanxi Zhang
Actuators.2026; 15(6): 289. CrossRef
Balloon‐assisted laser application for endoscopic treatment of biliary stricture
Seonghee Lim, Van Gia Truong, Seok Jeong, Jiho Lee, Byeong‐il Lee, Hyun Wook Kang
Lasers in Surgery and Medicine.2023; 55(10): 912. CrossRef
Biliary complications and efficacy after ablation of peribiliary tumors using irreversible electroporation (IRE) or radiofrequency ablation (RFA)
Somrach Thamtorawat, Rujira Patanawanitkul, Satit Rojwatcharapibarn, Walailak Chaiyasoot, Trongtum Tongdee, Jirawadee Yodying, Sukrit Sorotpinya
International Journal of Hyperthermia.2022; 39(1): 751. CrossRef
Large Animal Models in Pancreas and Biliary Disease
Seok Jeong, Jin-Seok Park, Don Haeng Lee
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2021; 77(3): 99. CrossRef
Comparison of four endoluminal radiofrequency ablation devices and four power generators in an ex vivo bovine liver model
Stephan Rheinheimer, Anna Jacobsen, Philipp Mayer, Hans-Ulrich Kauczor, Andreas Mahnken
World Academy of Sciences Journal.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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Is There a Change in Patient Preference for a Female Colonoscopist during the Last Decade in Korea?: Jung Min Lee, Eun Sun Kim, Hoon Jai Chun, In Kyung Yoo, Jae Min Lee, Seung Han Kim, Hyuk Soon Choi, Bora Keum, Yeon Seok Seo, Hong Sik Lee, Yoon Tae Jeen, Jong-Jae Park, Sang Woo Lee, Soon Ho Um, Chang Duck Kim; Clin Endosc 2018;51(1):72-79. Published online October 10, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2017.057

Abstract PDF

Background
/Aims: Patients may feel embarrassed during colonoscopy. Our study aimed to assess changes in patient preference, over the past decade, for the sex of their colonoscopist.
Methods
Prospective studies were performed at a single health center from July to September 2008, and from July to September 2016. Subjects included colonoscopy patients (2008: 354, 2016: 304) who were asked to complete a questionnaire before colonoscopy.
Results
In 2016, 69 patients (24.9%) expressed a sex preference, compared with 46 patients (14.6%) in 2008. By 2016, female patient preference for a female colonoscopist had significantly increased to 95% (odds ratio [OR], 2.678; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.418– 5.057; P=0.002). In multivariate analysis, patient sex (OR, 4.404; P=0.000), patient age (OR, 0.977; 95% CI, 0.961–0.992; P=0.004), and year of procedure (OR, 1.674; 95% CI, 1.028–2.752) were statistically significant factors in sex preference. Between 2008 and 2016, female patients preferred a female colonoscopist because of embarrassment. Male patients also preferred a male colonoscopist, and the primary reason shifted from expertise to patient embarrassment (2008: 29%, 2016: 63%).
Conclusions
Patients have an increased gender preference for the colonoscopist because of embarrassment. Taking this into account can increase patient satisfaction during colonoscopy.

Citations

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Screening Perspectives: The Role of Colorectal Cancer Awareness in Shaping Attitudes Toward Colonoscopy in Palestine
Mohamedraed Elshami, Maram Albandak, Mohammed Alser, Ibrahim Al-Slaibi, Mohammed Ayyad, Mohammad F. Dwikat, Shoruq A. Naji, Balqees M. Mohamad, Wejdan S. Isleem, Adela Shurrab, Bashar Yaghi, Yahya Ayyash Qabaja, Fatma K. Hamdan, Raneen R. Sweity, Remah T.
JCO Global Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Female Endoscopists in Gastroenterology
Yeon Ji Kim
The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research.2024; 24(4): 385. CrossRef
Gender of endoscopist and endoscopy staff: Patient preference
Mayank Jain
Indian Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 42(1): 143. CrossRef
Sex/gender differences in gastrointestinal endoscopy from the perspective of patients and gastroenterologists
Nayoung Kim
Clinical Endoscopy.2023; 56(3): 268. CrossRef
Canadian Gastroenterology Career Pathway Experiences: Exploring the Gender Divide
Noor Jawaid, Monica Boctor, Jordan LoMonaco, Natasha Bollegala
Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology.2022; 5(4): 177. CrossRef
Intentions to undergo primary screening with colonoscopy under the National Cancer Screening Program in Korea
Kyeongmin Lee, Haejoo Seo, Sunho Choe, Seung-Yong Jeong, Ji Won Park, Mina Suh, Aesun Shin, Kui Son Choi, Filipe Prazeres
PLOS ONE.2021; 16(2): e0247252. CrossRef
Does provider gender matter in endoscopy? An international perspective
Pascale Anglade, Halah Ibrahim, Sawsan Abdel-Razig
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2021; 93(5): 1160. CrossRef
Identifying Gender Barriers for Colorectal Cancer Screening and Assessing the Need for a Multigender Endoscopy Team: A Prospective Multicenter Study
Harshit S. Khara, Darshan Suthar, Marika Bergenstock, Andrea Berger, Jessica L. McKee, Dana Stewart, Samuel R. Theis, Michael Komar, Amitpal S. Johal, Diego R. Valencia Chavez, William B. Hale, Rakhee Mangla
American Journal of Gastroenterology.2021; 116(8): 1646. CrossRef
Unique perspective of Muslim patients on gender preference for GI endoscopists: a multicenter survey
Lubna Kamani, Nazish Butt, Farheen Taufiq, Ana Garcia de Paredes, Elizabeth Rajan
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2021; 94(6): 1110. CrossRef
Using Etomidate and Midazolam for Screening Colonoscopies Results in More Stable Hemodynamic Responses in Patients of All Ages
Jung Min Lee, Geeho Min, Bora Keum, Jae Min Lee, Seung Han Kim, Hyuk Soon Choi, Eun Sun Kim, Yeon Seok Seo, Yoon Tae Jeen, Hoon Jai Chun, Hong Sik Lee, Soon Ho Um, Chang Duck Kim
Gut and Liver.2019; 13(6): 649. CrossRef

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Commentary

How Should We Manage Iatrogenic Perforation Caused by Colonoscopy?: Eun Sun Kim; Clin Endosc 2016;49(3):214-215. Published online May 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2016.072

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Efficacy of Laparoscopic Primary Repair in the Treatment of Colonic Perforation After Colonoscopy: A Review of 40,127 Patients
Wu Zhong, Chongrong Qiu, Chuanyuan Liu, Chuanfa Fang, Laiyang Xia, Junlin Liang, Seng Zhang, Lisheng Chen
Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques.2016; 26(6): e105. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Feedback Survey of the Effect, Burden, and Cost of the National Endoscopic Quality Assessment Program during the Past 5 Years in Korea: Yu Kyung Cho, Jeong Seop Moon, Dong Su Han, Yong Chan Lee, Yeol Kim, Bo Young Park, Il-Kwun Chung, Jin-Oh Kim, Jong Pil Im, Jae Myung Cha, Hyun Gun Kim, Sang Kil Lee, Hang Lak Lee, Jae Young Jang, Eun Sun Kim, Yunho Jung, Chang Mo Moon, Ethics and Quality Control Committee of Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy; Clin Endosc 2016;49(6):542-547. Published online March 2, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2015.113

Abstract PDF

Background
/Aims: In Korea, the nationwide gastric cancer screening program recommends biennial screening for individuals aged 40 years or older by way of either an upper gastrointestinal series or endoscopy. The national endoscopic quality assessment (QA) program began recommending endoscopy in medical institutions in 2009. We aimed to assess the effect, burden, and cost of the QA program from the viewpoint of medical institutions.
Methods
We surveyed the staff of institutional endoscopic units via e-mail.
Results
Staff members from 67 institutions replied. Most doctors were endoscopic specialists. They responded as to whether the QA program raised awareness for endoscopic quality (93%) or improved endoscopic practice (40%). The percentages of responders who reported improvements in the diagnosis of gastric cancer, the qualifications of endoscopists, the quality of facilities and equipment, endoscopic procedure, and endoscopic reprocessing were 69%, 60%, 66%, 82%, and 75%, respectively. Regarding reprocessing, many staff members reported that they had bought new automated endoscopic preprocessors (3%), used more disinfectants (34%), washed endoscopes longer (28%), reduced the number of endoscopies performed to adhere to reprocessing guidelines (9%), and created their own quality education programs (59%). Many responders said they felt that QA was associated with some degree of burden (48%), especially financial burden caused by purchasing new equipment. Reasonable quality standards (45%) and incentives (38%) were considered important to the success of the QA program.
Conclusions
Endoscopic quality has improved after 5 years of the mandatory endoscopic QA program.

Citations

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Monthly endoscopy surveillance culture facilitates detection of breaches in the scope reprocessing procedure: 5‐year experience in an endoscopy center
Shu‐Hui Chen, Theophile Liu, Huei‐Wen Lai, Hui‐Lan Chang, Hsu‐Heng Yen
Advances in Digestive Medicine.2022; 9(2): 103. CrossRef
A nationwide survey on the effectiveness of training on endoscope reprocessing within the national cancer screening program in Korea
Hye Young Shin, Da Hun Jang, Jae Kwan Jun
American Journal of Infection Control.2021; 49(8): 1031. CrossRef
Polyp missing rate and its associated risk factors of referring hospitals for endoscopic resection of advanced colorectal neoplasia
Jae Gyu Shin, Hyung Wook Kim, Su Bum Park, Cheol Woong Choi, Dae Hwan Kang, Su Jin Kim, Hyeong Seok Nam, Dae Gon Ryu
Medicine.2017; 96(19): e6742. CrossRef
Education and Training Guidelines for the Board of the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Hee Seok Moon, Eun Kwang Choi, Ji Hyun Seo, Jeong Seop Moon, Ho June Song, Kyoung Oh Kim, Jong Jin Hyun, Sung Kwan Shin, Beom Jae Lee, Sang Heon Lee
Clinical Endoscopy.2017; 50(4): 345. CrossRef
How to Improve the Quality of Screening Endoscopy in Korea: National Endoscopy Quality Improvement Program
Yu Kyung Cho
Clinical Endoscopy.2016; 49(4): 312. CrossRef
How Can We Propagate the National Endoscopy Quality Improvement Program and Improve the Quality of Endoscopic Screening?
Dong-Hoon Yang
Gut and Liver.2016; 10(5): 657. CrossRef
The Importance of an Endoscopic Quality Assessment Program Reflecting Real Practice
In Kyung Yoo, Yoon Tae Jeen
Clinical Endoscopy.2016; 49(6): 495. CrossRef

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Job Stress and Job Satisfaction among Health-Care Workers of Endoscopy Units in Korea: Seung-Joo Nam, Hoon Jai Chun, Jeong Seop Moon, Sung Chul Park, Young-Jae Hwang, In Kyung Yoo, Jae Min Lee, Seung Han Kim, Hyuk Soon Choi, Eun Sun Kim, Bora Keum, Yoon Tae Jeen, Hong Sik Lee, Chang Duck Kim; Clin Endosc 2016;49(3):266-272. Published online February 22, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2015.085

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Background
/Aims: The management of job-related stress among health-care workers is critical for the improvement of healthcare services; however, there is no existing research on endoscopy unit workers as a team. Korea has a unique health-care system for endoscopy unit workers. In this study, we aimed to estimate job stress and job satisfaction among health-care providers in endoscopy units in Korea.
Methods
We performed a cross-sectional survey of health-care providers in the endoscopy units of three university-affiliated hospitals in Korea. We analyzed the job stress levels by using the Korean occupational stress scale, contributing factors, and job satisfaction.
Results
Fifty-nine workers completed the self-administered questionnaires. The job stress scores for the endoscopy unit workers (46.39±7.81) were relatively lower compared to those of the national sample of Korean workers (51.23±8.83). Job stress differed across job positions, with nurses showing significantly higher levels of stress (48.92±7.97) compared to doctors (42.59±6.37). Job stress and job satisfaction were negatively correlated with each other (R² =0.340, p<0.001).
Conclusions
An endoscopy unit is composed of a heterogeneous group of health-care professionals (i.e., nurses, fellows, and professors), and job stress and job satisfaction significantly differ according to job positions. Job demand, insufficient job control, and job insecurity are the most important stressors in the endoscopy unit.

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Gabriele Koch
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Fangyuan Wu, Zheng Ren, Qi Wang, Minfu He, Wenjing Xiong, Guodong Ma, Xinwen Fan, Xia Guo, Hongjian Liu, Xiumin Zhang
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S.M.B. Billah, N. Saquib, M.S. Zaghloul, A.M. Rajab, S.M.T. Aljundi, A. Almazrou, J. Saquib
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Development of a Nurse-Led Competency-Based Program for Therapeutic Endoscopy
Anne Embertson, Neysa Ernst, Janet Yoder, Libbie Monroe, MaryRose Hess
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Suriyeli Sığınmacı Kamplarının Bulunduğu İlçelerde Çalışan Sağlık Personelinin İş Stres Seviyesi: Şanlıurfa Örneği
Hüseyin ERİŞ, Suzan HAVLİOĞLU
Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi.2019; 16(3): 435. CrossRef
Needs assessment survey for simulation‐based training for gastrointestinal endoscopy nurses
Sol Yu, Young Sook Roh
Nursing & Health Sciences.2018; 20(2): 247. CrossRef
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Young Joo Yang, Gwang Ho Baik
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Insufficient Job Control among Gastroenterology Trainees: Time to Focus on the Science
Neel Sharma
Clinical Endoscopy.2016; 49(5): 492. CrossRef

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