Original Articles
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Feasibility of Wearable Display Glasses for Medical Students in the Endoscopy Room
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Kang Won Lee, Hyuk Soon Choi, Hoon Jai Chun, Jae Min Lee, Eun Sun Kim, Bora Keum, Yeon Seok Seo, Yoon Tae Jeen, Soon Ho Um, Hong Sik Lee
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Clin Endosc 2021;54(5):694-700. Published online March 15, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2020.246
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Abstract
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- Background
/Aims: Several attempts have been made to incorporate smart glasses in the medical field. We applied wearable display glasses to show the position of an observer during endoscopy and compared students’ responses between the conventional and new methods.
Methods
We surveyed 28 medical students regarding the use of wearable display devices. The students used wearable display glasses to observe an endoscopic procedure and answered the prepared questionnaire. Their collected responses were analyzed for statistical correlations between each variable.
Results
The survey of medical students revealed disadvantages including dizziness (dissatisfied and very dissatisfied: 21.5%) and eye fatigue (25% dissatisfied) and advantages including concentration (satisfied and very satisfied: 57.2%) and securing patient rights (71.4%). The students showed more positive than negative reviews regarding the new devices (32.1% vs. 21.5%).
Conclusions
We investigated the advantages and disadvantages of viewing the endoscope image with new wearable display glasses compared to the conventional method using the survey to record user experience. The results revealed relatively positive responses from the medical students in the survey. If the new device compensates for some shortcomings, its use in the endoscopy room will be feasible.
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- A remote clinical clerkship program for severe COVID-19 in ICU using smart glasses: questionnaire survey
Nobuyuki Nosaka, Hideo Yamanouch, Kazuki Takada, Kenji Wakabayashi
Journal of the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine.2023; 30(4): 261. CrossRef - Smart Glasses to Facilitate Ultrasound Guided Peripheral Intravenous Access in the Simulation Setting for Thai Emergency Medical Service Providers
Kamonwon Ienghong, Lap Woon Cheung, Pornpawit Wongwan, Korakot Apiratwarakul
Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare.2023; Volume 16: 2201. CrossRef
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Novel Ablation Therapy Using Endoscopic Irreversible Electroporation in the Bile Duct: A Pilot Animal Study
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Kang Won Lee, Jae Min Lee, Hyuk Soon Choi, Eun Sun Kim, Bora Keum, Yeon Seok Seo, Yoon Tae Jeen, Soon Ho Um, Hong Sik Lee, Hoon Jai Chun, Chang Duck Kim, Chi Hyuk Oh, Hong Bae Kim
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Clin Endosc 2021;54(3):413-419. Published online October 20, 2020
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2020.126
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Abstract
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- Background
/Aims: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a relatively new ablation method. However, the application of IRE ablation in the treatment of biliary disease has not been attempted. A minimally invasive approach using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) can be a novel therapeutic modality for IRE ablation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the feasibility of endoscopic IRE for the biliary tract using an animal model.
Methods
A new catheter-type electrode was developed for endoscopic IRE ablation of the biliary tract. We performed ERCP and endoscopic IRE ablations in the normal common bile duct of Yorkshire pigs. The experimental setting of IRE was 500 V/cm (50 pulses, 100-µs length). The animals were sacrificed after 24 hr, and the ablated bile duct was examined.
Results
Well-demarcated focal color changes were observed on the mucosa of the common bile duct. The depth of change after IRE was confined to the mucosal and submucosal layers. Apoptotic changes in the bile duct were observed only around the IRE ablation area. Immunohistochemistry assay showed cell death in the bile duct along the electrode.
Conclusions
Endoscopic IRE ablation using ERCP was successfully performed in the common bile duct. It can be a potential option for the treatment of biliary tumors.
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Citations
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- Balloon‐assisted laser application for endoscopic treatment of biliary stricture
Seonghee Lim, Van Gia Truong, Seok Jeong, Jiho Lee, Byeong‐il Lee, Hyun Wook Kang
Lasers in Surgery and Medicine.2023; 55(10): 912. CrossRef - Biliary complications and efficacy after ablation of peribiliary tumors using irreversible electroporation (IRE) or radiofrequency ablation (RFA)
Somrach Thamtorawat, Rujira Patanawanitkul, Satit Rojwatcharapibarn, Walailak Chaiyasoot, Trongtum Tongdee, Jirawadee Yodying, Sukrit Sorotpinya
International Journal of Hyperthermia.2022; 39(1): 751. CrossRef - Large Animal Models in Pancreas and Biliary Disease
Seok Jeong, Jin-Seok Park, Don Haeng Lee
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2021; 77(3): 99. CrossRef - Comparison of four endoluminal radiofrequency ablation devices and four power generators in an ex vivo bovine liver model
Stephan Rheinheimer, Anna Jacobsen, Philipp Mayer, Hans-Ulrich Kauczor, Andreas Mahnken
World Academy of Sciences Journal.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
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Is There a Change in Patient Preference for a Female Colonoscopist during the Last Decade in Korea?
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Jung Min Lee, Eun Sun Kim, Hoon Jai Chun, In Kyung Yoo, Jae Min Lee, Seung Han Kim, Hyuk Soon Choi, Bora Keum, Yeon Seok Seo, Hong Sik Lee, Yoon Tae Jeen, Jong-Jae Park, Sang Woo Lee, Soon Ho Um, Chang Duck Kim
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Clin Endosc 2018;51(1):72-79. Published online October 10, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2017.057
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- Background
/Aims: Patients may feel embarrassed during colonoscopy. Our study aimed to assess changes in patient preference, over the past decade, for the sex of their colonoscopist.
Methods
Prospective studies were performed at a single health center from July to September 2008, and from July to September 2016. Subjects included colonoscopy patients (2008: 354, 2016: 304) who were asked to complete a questionnaire before colonoscopy.
Results
In 2016, 69 patients (24.9%) expressed a sex preference, compared with 46 patients (14.6%) in 2008. By 2016, female patient preference for a female colonoscopist had significantly increased to 95% (odds ratio [OR], 2.678; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.418– 5.057; P=0.002). In multivariate analysis, patient sex (OR, 4.404; P=0.000), patient age (OR, 0.977; 95% CI, 0.961–0.992; P=0.004), and year of procedure (OR, 1.674; 95% CI, 1.028–2.752) were statistically significant factors in sex preference. Between 2008 and 2016, female patients preferred a female colonoscopist because of embarrassment. Male patients also preferred a male colonoscopist, and the primary reason shifted from expertise to patient embarrassment (2008: 29%, 2016: 63%).
Conclusions
Patients have an increased gender preference for the colonoscopist because of embarrassment. Taking this into account can increase patient satisfaction during colonoscopy.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Screening Perspectives: The Role of Colorectal Cancer Awareness in Shaping Attitudes Toward Colonoscopy in Palestine
Mohamedraed Elshami, Maram Albandak, Mohammed Alser, Ibrahim Al-Slaibi, Mohammed Ayyad, Mohammad F. Dwikat, Shoruq A. Naji, Balqees M. Mohamad, Wejdan S. Isleem, Adela Shurrab, Bashar Yaghi, Yahya Ayyash Qabaja, Fatma K. Hamdan, Raneen R. Sweity, Remah T.
JCO Global Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Female Endoscopists in Gastroenterology
Yeon Ji Kim
The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research.2024; 24(4): 385. CrossRef - Gender of endoscopist and endoscopy staff: Patient preference
Mayank Jain
Indian Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 42(1): 143. CrossRef - Sex/gender differences in gastrointestinal endoscopy from the perspective of patients and gastroenterologists
Nayoung Kim
Clinical Endoscopy.2023; 56(3): 268. CrossRef - Canadian Gastroenterology Career Pathway Experiences: Exploring the Gender Divide
Noor Jawaid, Monica Boctor, Jordan LoMonaco, Natasha Bollegala
Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology.2022; 5(4): 177. CrossRef - Intentions to undergo primary screening with colonoscopy under the National Cancer Screening Program in Korea
Kyeongmin Lee, Haejoo Seo, Sunho Choe, Seung-Yong Jeong, Ji Won Park, Mina Suh, Aesun Shin, Kui Son Choi, Filipe Prazeres
PLOS ONE.2021; 16(2): e0247252. CrossRef - Does provider gender matter in endoscopy? An international perspective
Pascale Anglade, Halah Ibrahim, Sawsan Abdel-Razig
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2021; 93(5): 1160. CrossRef - Identifying Gender Barriers for Colorectal Cancer Screening and Assessing the Need for a Multigender Endoscopy Team: A Prospective Multicenter Study
Harshit S. Khara, Darshan Suthar, Marika Bergenstock, Andrea Berger, Jessica L. McKee, Dana Stewart, Samuel R. Theis, Michael Komar, Amitpal S. Johal, Diego R. Valencia Chavez, William B. Hale, Rakhee Mangla
American Journal of Gastroenterology.2021; 116(8): 1646. CrossRef - Unique perspective of Muslim patients on gender preference for GI endoscopists: a multicenter survey
Lubna Kamani, Nazish Butt, Farheen Taufiq, Ana Garcia de Paredes, Elizabeth Rajan
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2021; 94(6): 1110. CrossRef - Using Etomidate and Midazolam for Screening Colonoscopies Results in More Stable Hemodynamic Responses in Patients of All Ages
Jung Min Lee, Geeho Min, Bora Keum, Jae Min Lee, Seung Han Kim, Hyuk Soon Choi, Eun Sun Kim, Yeon Seok Seo, Yoon Tae Jeen, Hoon Jai Chun, Hong Sik Lee, Soon Ho Um, Chang Duck Kim
Gut and Liver.2019; 13(6): 649. CrossRef
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Job Stress and Job Satisfaction among Health-Care Workers of Endoscopy Units in Korea
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Seung-Joo Nam, Hoon Jai Chun, Jeong Seop Moon, Sung Chul Park, Young-Jae Hwang, In Kyung Yoo, Jae Min Lee, Seung Han Kim, Hyuk Soon Choi, Eun Sun Kim, Bora Keum, Yoon Tae Jeen, Hong Sik Lee, Chang Duck Kim
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Clin Endosc 2016;49(3):266-272. Published online February 22, 2016
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2015.085
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Abstract
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- Background
/Aims: The management of job-related stress among health-care workers is critical for the improvement of healthcare services; however, there is no existing research on endoscopy unit workers as a team. Korea has a unique health-care system for endoscopy unit workers. In this study, we aimed to estimate job stress and job satisfaction among health-care providers in endoscopy units in Korea.
Methods
We performed a cross-sectional survey of health-care providers in the endoscopy units of three university-affiliated hospitals in Korea. We analyzed the job stress levels by using the Korean occupational stress scale, contributing factors, and job satisfaction.
Results
Fifty-nine workers completed the self-administered questionnaires. The job stress scores for the endoscopy unit workers (46.39±7.81) were relatively lower compared to those of the national sample of Korean workers (51.23±8.83). Job stress differed across job positions, with nurses showing significantly higher levels of stress (48.92±7.97) compared to doctors (42.59±6.37). Job stress and job satisfaction were negatively correlated with each other (R2 =0.340, p<0.001).
Conclusions
An endoscopy unit is composed of a heterogeneous group of health-care professionals (i.e., nurses, fellows, and professors), and job stress and job satisfaction significantly differ according to job positions. Job demand, insufficient job control, and job insecurity are the most important stressors in the endoscopy unit.
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Citations
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- Exploring Work-Related Experiences of Newly Hired Hospital Nurses in Ghana: A Qualitative Study
Ernest Darkwah, Francis Annor, Seth Oppong, Sylvia Hagan
SAGE Open Nursing.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Assessing the Impact of Job Demand, Surface Acting, and Workplace Social Support on Social workers’ Job Satisfaction
Yoewon Yoon, Soomin Shin, Seonwoo Lee
Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership & Governance.2024; : 1. CrossRef - Stress Is Associated with Quality of Life Reduction among Health Professionals in Vietnam: A Multisite Survey
Le Thi Kieu Hanh, Ngo Van Toan, Vu Minh Hai, Gianluca Rosso
Mental Illness.2023; 2023: 1. CrossRef - The Relationship Between Occupational Stress and Turnover Intention Among Emergency Physicians: A Mediation Analysis
Nan Jiang, Hongling Zhang, Zhen Tan, Yanhong Gong, Mengge Tian, Yafei Wu, Jiali Zhang, Jing Wang, Zhenyuan Chen, Jianxiong Wu, Chuanzhu Lv, Xuan Zhou, Fengjie Yang, Xiaoxv Yin
Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Assessing the organizational commitment, subjective vitality and burnout effects on turnover intention in private universities
Vishnu Parmar, Zahid Ali Channar, Rizwan Raheem Ahmed, Dalia Streimikiene, Munwar Hussain Pahi, Justas Streimikis
Oeconomia Copernicana.2022; 13(1): 251. CrossRef - The relationship between job stress and job burnout: the mediating effects of perceived social support and job satisfaction
Fangyuan Wu, Zheng Ren, Qi Wang, Minfu He, Wenjing Xiong, Guodong Ma, Xinwen Fan, Xia Guo, Hongjian Liu, Xiumin Zhang
Psychology, Health & Medicine.2021; 26(2): 204. CrossRef - Unique expatriate factors associated with job dissatisfaction among nurses
S.M.B. Billah, N. Saquib, M.S. Zaghloul, A.M. Rajab, S.M.T. Aljundi, A. Almazrou, J. Saquib
International Nursing Review.2021; 68(3): 358. CrossRef - Development of a Nurse-Led Competency-Based Program for Therapeutic Endoscopy
Anne Embertson, Neysa Ernst, Janet Yoder, Libbie Monroe, MaryRose Hess
Gastroenterology Nursing.2020; 43(6): E217. CrossRef - Organizational Commitment and Job Burnout Effect on Turnover Intention Among Private Hospitals in Karachi
Fouzia Nasir, Rizwan Raheem Ahmed
JISR management and social sciences & economics.2019; 17(2): 204. CrossRef - Suriyeli Sığınmacı Kamplarının Bulunduğu İlçelerde Çalışan Sağlık Personelinin İş Stres Seviyesi: Şanlıurfa Örneği
Hüseyin ERİŞ, Suzan HAVLİOĞLU
Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi.2019; 16(3): 435. CrossRef - Needs assessment survey for simulation‐based training for gastrointestinal endoscopy nurses
Sol Yu, Young Sook Roh
Nursing & Health Sciences.2018; 20(2): 247. CrossRef - Now, It Is Time to Consider Job Stress in the Field of Gastroenterology
Young Joo Yang, Gwang Ho Baik
Clinical Endoscopy.2016; 49(3): 209. CrossRef - Insufficient Job Control among Gastroenterology Trainees: Time to Focus on the Science
Neel Sharma
Clinical Endoscopy.2016; 49(5): 492. CrossRef
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Case Report
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Acute Duodenal Ischemia and Periampullary Intramural Hematoma after an Uneventful Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in a Patient with Primary Myelofibrosis
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Chang Ho Jung, Jong Jin Hyun, Dae Hoe Gu, Eul Sun Moon, Jae Seon Kim, Hong Sik Lee, Chang Duck Kim
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Clin Endosc 2014;47(3):270-274. Published online May 31, 2014
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2014.47.3.270
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Acute duodenal ischemia and periampullary intramural hematoma are rare complications after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). A 77-year-old man with splenomegaly complained of abdominal pain caused by common bile duct (CBD) stone. After successful removal of the CBD stone without immediate complications, the patient developed intramural hematoma around the ampulla of Vater along with diffuse duodenal edema. The findings were compatible with acute intestinal ischemia, and further evaluation revealed that he had underlying primary myelofibrosis. Myeloproliferative diseases are known to be significantly associated with an increased risk of thrombohemorrhagic complications. Therefore, particular attention should be given to this group of patients when a high-risk procedure such as ERCP is performed.
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- Ischemic duodenitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography‐related procedure
Yuki Tanisaka, Akashi Fujita, Shomei Ryozawa
Digestive Endoscopy.2022; 34(6): 1264. CrossRef - Ruptured Dissecting Intramural Duodenal Hematoma Following Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Eric Weiss, Madeline Tadley, Pak S. Leung, Mark Kaplan
ACG Case Reports Journal.2017; 4(1): e70. CrossRef
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Focused Review Series: Endoscopic Intervention in Pancreatitis
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Experimental Models of Pancreatitis
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Jong Jin Hyun, Hong Sik Lee
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Clin Endosc 2014;47(3):212-216. Published online May 31, 2014
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2014.47.3.212
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Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by interstitial edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and acinar cell necrosis, depending on its severity. Regardless of the extent of tissue injury, acute pancreatitis is a completely reversible process with evident normal tissue architecture after recovery. Its pathogenic mechanism has been known to be closely related to intracellular digestive enzyme activation. In contrast to acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis is characterized by irreversible tissue damage such as acinar cell atrophy and pancreatic fibrosis that results in exocrine and endocrine insufficiency. Recently, many studies of chronic pancreatitis have been prompted by the discovery of the pancreatic stellate cell, which has been identified and distinguished as the key effector cell of pancreatic fibrosis. However, investigations into the pathogenesis and treatment of pancreatitis face many obstacles because of its anatomical location and disparate clinical course. Due to these difficulties, most of our knowledge on pancreatitis is based on research conducted using experimental models of pancreatitis. In this review, several experimental models of pancreatitis will be discussed in terms of technique, advantages, and limitations.
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Original Articles
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Feasibility of Obtaining Quantitative 3-Dimensional Information Using Conventional Endoscope: A Pilot Study
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Jong Jin Hyun, Hoon Jai Chun, Bora Keum, Yeon Seok Seo, Yong Sik Kim, Yoon Tae Jeen, Hong Sik Lee, Soon Ho Um, Chang Duck Kim, Ho Sang Ryu, Jong-Wook Lim, Dong-Gi Woo, Young-Joong Kim, Myo-Taeg Lim
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Clin Endosc 2012;45(3):182-188. Published online August 22, 2012
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2012.45.3.182
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- Background/Aims
Three-dimensional (3D) imaging is gaining popularity and has been partly adopted in laparoscopic surgery or robotic surgery but has not been applied to gastrointestinal endoscopy. As a first step, we conducted an experiment to evaluate whether images obtained by conventional gastrointestinal endoscopy could be used to acquire quantitative 3D information.
MethodsTwo endoscopes (GIF-H260) were used in a Borrmann type I tumor model made of clay. The endoscopes were calibrated by correcting the barrel distortion and perspective distortion. Obtained images were converted to gray-level image, and the characteristics of the images were obtained by edge detection. Finally, data on 3D parameters were measured by using epipolar geometry, two view geometry, and pinhole camera model.
ResultsThe focal length (f) of endoscope at 30 mm was 258.49 pixels. Two endoscopes were fixed at predetermined distance, 12 mm (d12). After matching and calculating disparity (v2-v1), which was 106 pixels, the calculated length between the camera and object (L) was 29.26 mm. The height of the object projected onto the image (h) was then applied to the pinhole camera model, and the result of H (height and width) was 38.21 mm and 41.72 mm, respectively. Measurements were conducted from 2 different locations. The measurement errors ranged from 2.98% to 7.00% with the current Borrmann type I tumor model.
ConclusionsIt was feasible to obtain parameters necessary for 3D analysis and to apply the data to epipolar geometry with conventional gastrointestinal endoscope to calculate the size of an object.
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Citations
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- Three-dimensional light-field microendoscopy with a GRIN lens array
Tara M. Urner, Andrew Inman, Benjamin Lapid, Shu Jia
Biomedical Optics Express.2022; 13(2): 590. CrossRef - 3D light-field endoscopic imaging using a GRIN lens array
Changliang Guo, Tara Urner, Shu Jia
Applied Physics Letters.2020;[Epub] CrossRef - Current and emerging robotic assisted intervention for Notes
Siyang Zuo, Shuxin Wang
Expert Review of Medical Devices.2016; 13(12): 1095. CrossRef - Application of robotics in gastrointestinal endoscopy: A review
Baldwin Po Man Yeung
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2016; 22(5): 1811. CrossRef - Quantitative analysis of velopharyngeal movement using a stereoendoscope: accuracy and reliability of range images
Asuka Nakano, Katsuaki Mishima, Ruriko Shiraishi, Yoshiya Ueyama
Computer Aided Surgery.2015; 20(1): 29. CrossRef - The Evolution of the Conventional Endoscope in an Era of 3-Dimensional Technology
Geun Am Song
Clinical Endoscopy.2012; 45(3): 181. CrossRef
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Comparison on the Efficacy of Disinfectants Used in Automated Endoscope Reprocessors: PHMB-DBAC versus Orthophthalaldehyde
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Sun Young Kim, Hong Sik Lee, Jong Jin Hyun, Min Ho Seo, Sun Young Yim, Ha Young Oh, Hye Sook Kim, Bora Keum, Yeon Seok Seo, Yong Sik Kim, Yoon Tae Jeen, Hoon Jai Chun, Soon Ho Um, Chang Duck Kim, Ho Sang Ryu
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Clin Endosc 2011;44(2):109-115. Published online December 31, 2011
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2011.44.2.109
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Abstract
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- Background/Aims
Since endoscopes are reusable apparatus classified as semicritical item, thorough reprocessing to achieve high-level disinfection is of utmost importance to prevent spread of infection. To improve disinfection efficacy and safety, disinfectants and endoscope reprocessors are continuously evolving. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of the combination of polyhexamethylenebiguanide hydrochloride-alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (PHMB-DBAC) and orthophthalaldehyde (OPA) used respectively in ultrasonographic cleaning incorporated automated endoscope reprocessors: COOLENDO (APEX Korea) or OER-A (Olympus Optical).
MethodsA total of 86 flexible upper endoscopes were randomly reprocessed with either COOLENDO/PHMB-DBAC or OER-A/OPA. Culture samplings were done at two sites (endoscope tip and working channel) which were later incubated on blood agar plate. Bacterial colonies were counted and identified.
ResultsThe culture-positive rate at the endoscope tip and working channel was 0% and 2.33% for COOLENDO/PHMB-DBAC and 4.65% and 0% for OER-A/OPA. Staphylococcus hominis was cultured from one endoscope reprocessed with COOLENDO/PHMB-DBAC and Pseudomonas putida was isolated from two endoscopes reprocessed with OER-A/OPA.
ConclusionsThe reprocessing efficacy of COOLENDO/PHMB-DBAC was non-inferior to that of OER-A/OPA (p=0.032; confidence interval, -0.042 to 0.042). During the study period, significant side effect of PHMB-DBAC was not observed.
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- Recommendations and guidelines for endoscope reprocessing: Current position statement of digestive endoscopic society of Taiwan
Wei-Kuo Chang, Chen-Ling Peng, Yen-Wei Chen, Cheuk-Kay Sun, Chieh-Chang Chen, Tao-Chieh Liu, Yin-Yi Chu, I-Fang Tsai, Chen-Shuan Chung, Hsiao-Fen Lin, Fang-Yu Hsu, Wei-Chen Tai, Hsi-Chang Lee, Hsu-Heng Yen, E-Ming Wang, Shu-Hui Chen, Cheng-Hsin Chu, Ming-
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Fatimah M. Alzahrani, Stephen G. Yeates, Michelle Webb, Hind Ali Alghamdi
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Van Nam Tran, Chakradhar Dasagrandhi, Van Gia Truong, Young-Mog Kim, Hyun Wook Kang, Michael R. Hamblin
PLOS ONE.2018; 13(8): e0202821. CrossRef - Comparison of the efficacy of disinfectants in automated endoscope reprocessors for colonoscopes: tertiary amine compound (Sencron2®) versus ortho-phthalaldehyde (Cidex®OPA)
Hyun Il Seo, Dae Sung Lee, Eun Mi Yoon, Min-Jung Kwon, Hyosoon Park, Yoon Suk Jung, Jung Ho Park, Chong Il Sohn, Dong Il Park
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Clinical Endoscopy.2015; 48(5): 351. CrossRef - Recent Update of Gastrointestinal Endoscope Reprocessing
Kyong Hee Hong, Yun Jeong Lim
Clinical Endoscopy.2013; 46(3): 267. CrossRef - Steps of Reprocessing and Equipments
Yong Kook Lee, Jeong Bae Park
Clinical Endoscopy.2013; 46(3): 274. CrossRef - The antibiofilm effects of Byotrol™ G32
N. Govindji, P. Wills, M. Upton, N. Tirelli, S. Yeates, M. Webb
Journal of Applied Microbiology.2013; 114(5): 1285. CrossRef
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