Original Article
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Predictive Factors for Differentiating Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors from Leiomyomas Based on Endoscopic Ultrasonography Findings in Patients with Gastric Subepithelial Tumors: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
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Sun Moon Kim, Eun Young Kim, Jin Woong Cho, Seong Woo Jeon, Ji Hyun Kim, Tae Hyeon Kim, Jeong Seop Moon, Jin-Oh Kim, the Research Group for Endoscopic Ultrasound of the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
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Clin Endosc 2021;54(6):872-880. Published online November 18, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2021.251
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Abstract
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- Background
/Aims: The utility of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for differentiating gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and leiomyomas of the stomach is not well known. We aimed to evaluate the ability of EUS for differentiating gastric GISTs and leiomyomas.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with histopathologically proven GISTs (n=274) and leiomyomas (n=87). In two consensus meetings, the inter-observer variability in the EUS image analysis was reduced. Using logistic regression analyses, we selected predictive factors and constructed a predictive model and nomogram for differentiating GISTs from leiomyomas. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to measure the discrimination performance in the development and internal validation sets.
Results
Multivariate analysis identified heterogeneity (odds ratio [OR], 9.48), non-cardia (OR, 19.11), and older age (OR, 1.06) as independent predictors of GISTs. The areas under the ROC curve of the predictive model using age, sex, and four EUS factors (homogeneity, location, anechoic spaces, and dimpling or ulcer) were 0.916 (sensitivity, 0.908; specificity, 0.793) and 0.904 (sensitivity, 0.908; specificity, 0.782) in the development and internal validation sets, respectively.
Conclusions
The predictive model and nomogram using age, sex and homogeneity, tumor location, presence of anechoic spaces, and presence of dimpling or ulcer on EUS may facilitate differentiation between GISTs and leiomyomas.
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Citations
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- Results of the interim analysis of a prospective, multicenter, observational study of small subepithelial lesions in the stomach
Masaya Iwamuro, Toshiharu Mitsuhashi, Tomoki Inaba, Kazuhiro Matsueda, Teruya Nagahara, Yoji Takeuchi, Hisashi Doyama, Masakatsu Mizuno, Tomoyuki Yada, Yoshinari Kawai, Jun Nakamura, Minoru Matsubara, Hiroko Nebiki, Keiko Niimi, Tatsuya Toyokawa, Ryuta Ta
Digestive Endoscopy.2024; 36(3): 323. CrossRef - Diagnostic Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) of the Luminal Gastrointestinal Tract
Giovanna Impellizzeri, Giulio Donato, Claudio De Angelis, Nico Pagano
Diagnostics.2024; 14(10): 996. CrossRef - Differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors versus leiomyomas by special stains
Shiwei Zhang, Pan Qin, Hongliang Ji
BMC Gastroenterology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Endoscopic Ultrasound Advanced Techniques for Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours
Socrate Pallio, Stefano Francesco Crinò, Marcello Maida, Emanuele Sinagra, Vincenzo Francesco Tripodi, Antonio Facciorusso, Andrew Ofosu, Maria Cristina Conti Bellocchi, Endrit Shahini, Giuseppinella Melita
Cancers.2023; 15(4): 1285. CrossRef - Endoscopic ultrasound artificial intelligence-assisted for prediction of gastrointestinal stromal tumors diagnosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Rômulo Sérgio Araújo Gomes, Guilherme Henrique Peixoto de Oliveira, Diogo Turiani Hourneaux de Moura, Ana Paula Samy Tanaka Kotinda, Carolina Ogawa Matsubayashi, Bruno Salomão Hirsch, Matheus Oliveira Veras, João Guilherme Ribeiro Jordão Sasso, Roberto Pa
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2023; 15(8): 528. CrossRef - Prevalence, natural progression, and clinical practices of upper gastrointestinal subepithelial lesions in Korea: a multicenter study
Younghee Choe, Yu Kyung Cho, Gwang Ha Kim, Jun-Ho Choi, Eun Soo Kim, Ji Hyun Kim, Eun Kwang Choi, Tae Hyeon Kim, Seong-Hun Kim, Do Hoon Kim
Clinical Endoscopy.2023; 56(6): 744. CrossRef - Significance of Ultrasound Endoscopy in the Differential Diagnosis of Cardiac Leiomyomas and Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
燊 苏
Advances in Clinical Medicine.2023; 13(11): 17185. CrossRef - The Diagnosis of Small Gastrointestinal Subepithelial Lesions by Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration and Biopsy
Masanari Sekine, Takeharu Asano, Hirosato Mashima
Diagnostics.2022; 12(4): 810. CrossRef - Diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound with artificial intelligence for gastrointestinal stromal tumors: A meta‐analysis
Xiao Hua Ye, Lin Lin Zhao, Lei Wang
Journal of Digestive Diseases.2022; 23(5-6): 253. CrossRef
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Special Review: Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy “Accreditation of Qualified Endoscopy Unit” Guideline: Update 2019
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Accredited Endoscopy Unit Program of Korea: Overview and Qualification
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Jung-Wook Kim, Yu Kyung Cho, Jin-Oh Kim, Jae-Young Jang, the Quality Management Committee of Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
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Clin Endosc 2019;52(5):426-430. Published online September 30, 2019
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2019.166
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- The Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy introduced the Accredited Endoscopy Unit Program to enhance endoscopy unit quality through systematic quality management in 2012. It was gradually expanded from training hospitals to institutions with 100+ beds, and the criteria for certification were applied according to the actual conditions of each institution. On the basis of the continuous communication with the institutions and feedback, the Accredited Endoscopy Unit Program certification criteria were revised in 2019 and introduced as follows: (1) the qualification criteria for endoscopy doctors and nurses; (2) facilities and equipment; (3) endoscopic examination process; (4) performance; (5) disinfection and infection control; and (6) endoscopic sedation. The assessment items consist of essential and recommended items. All essential items must be met for accreditation to be awarded. The assessment criteria for each evaluation area were revised as follows: (1) upgrading assessment criteria; (2) qualification of endoscopists and reinforcement of quality control education; (3) detailed standards for safety, disinfection, endoscopic sedation, and management instructions; and (4) presentation of new performance measurement of endoscopy and colonoscopy.
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Yunho Jung, Jung-Wook Kim, Jong Pil Im, Yu Kyung Cho, Tae Hee Lee, Jae-Young Jang
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Hyuk Yoon, Cheol Min Shin, Young Soo Park, Nayoung Kim, Dong Ho Lee
BMC Gastroenterology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Endoscopist-Driven Sedation Practices in South Korea: Re-evaluation Considering the Nationwide Survey in 2019
Seon-Young Park, Jun Kyu Lee, Chang-Hwan Park, Byung-Wook Kim, Chang Kyun Lee, Hong Jun Park, Byung Ik Jang, Dong Uk Kim, Jin Myung Park, Jae Min Lee, Young Sin Cho, Hyung Ku Chon, Seung Young Seo, Woo Hyun Paik
Gut and Liver.2022; 16(6): 899. CrossRef - Accreditation of digestive endoscopy services: a method of quality assuring?
Giancarlo Spinzi, Angelo Milano, Maurizio Capelli
Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2021; 15(1): 1. CrossRef - Important Quality Metrics and Standardization in Endoscopy
Tossapol Kerdsirichairat, Eun Ji Shin
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America.2021; 31(4): 727. CrossRef - A Nationwide Survey on the Facilities and Personnel for Endoscopic Sedation: Results from 50 Qualified Endoscopy Units of Teaching Hospitals Accredited by the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (KSGE)
Seon-Young Park, Jun Kyu Lee, Jung-Wook Kim, Tae Hee Lee, Chang-Hwan Park, Jae-Yong Jang, Byung-Wook Kim, Byung Ik Jang
Clinical Endoscopy.2021; 54(6): 843. CrossRef - Efficacy and Patient Tolerability Profiles of Probiotic Solution with Bisacodyl Versus Conventional Cleansing Solution for Bowel Preparation: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Youn I Choi, Jong-Joon Lee, Jun-Won Chung, Kyoung Oh Kim, Yoon Jae Kim, Jung Ho Kim, Dong Kyun Park, Kwang An Kwon
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2020; 9(10): 3286. CrossRef
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Review
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Revision of Quality Indicators for the Endoscopy Quality Improvement Program of the National Cancer Screening Program in Korea
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Jun Ki Min, Jae Myung Cha, Yu Kyung Cho, Jie-Hyun Kim, Soon Man Yoon, Jong Pil Im, Yunho Jung, Jeong Seop Moon, Jin-Oh Kim, Yoon Tae Jeen
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Clin Endosc 2018;51(3):239-252. Published online May 31, 2018
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2018.075
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- Gastroscopy and colonoscopy are widely used for the early diagnosis of stomach and colorectal cancer. The present revision integrates recent data regarding previous quality indicators and novel indicators suggested for gastroscopy and colonoscopy procedures for the National Cancer Screening Program in Korea. The new indicators, developed by the Quality Improvement Committee of the Korean Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, vary in the level of supporting evidence, and most are based solely on expert opinion. Updated indicators validated by clinical research were prioritized, but were chosen by expert consensus when such studies were absent. The resultant quality indicators were graded according to the levels of consensus and recommendations. The updated indicators will provide a relevant guideline for high-quality endoscopy. The future direction of quality indicator development should include relevant outcome measures and an evidence-based approach to support proposed performance targets.
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Citations
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Scientific Data.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Association of Intensive Endoscopic Burden with Esophageal Cancer Detection: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Yeunji Lee, Eunyoung Lee, Bumhee Park, Gil Ho Lee, Sun Gyo Lim, Sung Jae Shin, Choong-Kyun Noh, Kee Myung Lee
Gut and Liver.2025; 19(1): 59. CrossRef - Current status of quality control in screening esophagogastroduodenoscopy and the emerging role of artificial intelligence
Lihui Zhang, Liwen Yao, Zihua Lu, Honggang Yu
Digestive Endoscopy.2024; 36(1): 5. CrossRef - Performance of the National Cancer Screening Program for Gastric Cancer in Korea
Young-Il Kim
The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research.2024; 24(3): 231. CrossRef - Association between Endoscopist Volume and Interval Cancers after Colonoscopy: Results from the National Colorectal Cancer Screening Program in Korea
Dong Jun Kim, Nan-He Yoon, Jae Kwan Jun, Mina Suh, Sunhwa Lee, Seongju Kim, Ji Eun Kim, Hooyeon Lee
Cancer Research and Treatment.2024; 56(4): 1164. CrossRef - Interval Advanced Gastric Cancer After Negative Endoscopy
Tae Jun Kim, Jeung Hui Pyo, Young Hye Byun, Sung Chul Choi, Jin Pyo Hong, Yang Won Min, Hyuk Lee, Byung-Hoon Min, Poong-Lyul Rhee, Jae J. Kim, Jun Haeng Lee
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Vikneswaran Namasivayam, Noriya Uedo
DEN Open.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - The Influence of Face Shields on the Quality of Colonoscopy in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Jin Wook Lee, Hyo Jeong Lee, Dae Sung Kim, Jiyoung Yoon, Seung Wook Hong, Ha Won Hwang, Jong-Soo Lee, Gwang-Un Kim, Sinwon Lee, Jaewon Choe, Jin Hwa Park, Dong-Hoon Yang, Jeong-Sik Byeon
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Sang Yoon Kim, Jae Myung Park
Clinical Endoscopy.2022; 55(3): 319. CrossRef - Utilization and quality assessment of digestive endoscopy in China: results from 5-year consecutive nationwide surveys
Lei Xin, Ye Gao, Zhiyuan Cheng, Tianjiao Wang, Han Lin, Yanan Pang, Chang Sun, Zengjun Fu, Zhaoshen Li, Xudong Ma, Luowei Wang
Chinese Medical Journal.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Reduced detection rate of artificial intelligence in images obtained from untrained endoscope models and improvement using domain adaptation algorithm
Junseok Park, Youngbae Hwang, Hyun Gun Kim, Joon Seong Lee, Jin-Oh Kim, Tae Hee Lee, Seong Ran Jeon, Su Jin Hong, Bong Min Ko, Seokmin Kim
Frontiers in Medicine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - A scoping review on population-centered indicators for cancer care continuum
Vasuki Rajaguru, Jieun Jang, Jeoung A. Kwon, Jae Hyun Kim, Jaeyong Shin, Mison Chun
Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Korean Guidelines for Postpolypectomy Colonoscopic Surveillance: 2022 Revised Edition
Su Young Kim, Min Seob Kwak, Soon Man Yoon, Yunho Jung, Jong Wook Kim, Sun-Jin Boo, Eun Hye Oh, Seong Ran Jeon, Seung-Joo Nam, Seon-Young Park, Soo-Kyung Park, Jaeyoung Chun, Dong Hoon Baek, Mi-Young Choi, Suyeon Park, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Hyung Kil Kim, Joo
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2022; 80(3): 115. CrossRef - Antispasmodic Agent Administration Improves Gastric Neoplasm Detection Rates during Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Sang Yoon Kim, Jae Myung Park
The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research.2022; 22(3): 246. CrossRef - Korean guidelines for postpolypectomy colonoscopic surveillance: 2022 revised edition
Su Young Kim, Min Seob Kwak, Soon Man Yoon, Yunho Jung, Jong Wook Kim, Sun-Jin Boo, Eun Hye Oh, Seong Ran Jeon, Seung-Joo Nam, Seon-Young Park, Soo-Kyung Park, Jaeyoung Chun, Dong Hoon Baek, Mi-Young Choi, Suyeon Park, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Hyung Kil Kim, Joo
Clinical Endoscopy.2022; 55(6): 703. CrossRef - Current Endoscopy Training in Korea and Future Aspects
Young-Eun Joo
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2022; 80(5): 207. CrossRef - Colonoscopy quality in community hospitals and nonhospital facilities in Korea
Jae Gon Lee, Dong Soo Han, Young-Eun Joo, Dae-Seong Myung, Dong Il Park, Seul Ki Kim, Yunho Jung, Won Hyun Lee, Eun Soo Kim, Joon Seok Yoon, Chang Soo Eun
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2021; 36(Suppl 1): S35. CrossRef - Association of Regular Endoscopic Screening with Interval Gastric Cancer Incidence in the National Cancer Screening Program
Choong-Kyun Noh, Eunyoung Lee, Gil Ho Lee, Sun Gyo Lim, Bumhee Park, Sung Jae Shin, Jae Youn Cheong, Kee Myung Lee
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2021; 11(1): 230. CrossRef - Impacts of age and sedation on cardiocerebrovascular adverse events after diagnostic GI endoscopy: a nationwide population-based study
Sang Yoon Kim, Chang Mo Moon, Min Ho Kim, Seong-Eun Kim, Hye-Kyung Jung, Ki-Nam Shim, Sung-Ae Jung
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2020; 92(3): 591. CrossRef - Efficacy and Patient Tolerability Profiles of Probiotic Solution with Bisacodyl Versus Conventional Cleansing Solution for Bowel Preparation: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial
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Journal of Clinical Medicine.2020; 9(10): 3286. CrossRef - Endoscopy training in Korea
Joon Sung Kim, Byung-Wook Kim
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2019; 34(2): 237. CrossRef - Updates on the Facilities, Procedures, and Performance of the Accredited Endoscopy Unit
Tae Hee Lee, Jin Young Yoon, Chang Nyol Paik, Hyuk Soon Choi, Jae-Young Jang
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Yonsei Medical Journal.2019; 60(11): 1054. CrossRef
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Original Article
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Feedback Survey of the Effect, Burden, and Cost of the National Endoscopic Quality Assessment Program during the Past 5 Years in Korea
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Yu Kyung Cho, Jeong Seop Moon, Dong Su Han, Yong Chan Lee, Yeol Kim, Bo Young Park, Il-Kwun Chung, Jin-Oh Kim, Jong Pil Im, Jae Myung Cha, Hyun Gun Kim, Sang Kil Lee, Hang Lak Lee, Jae Young Jang, Eun Sun Kim, Yunho Jung, Chang Mo Moon, Ethics and Quality Control Committee of Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
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Clin Endosc 2016;49(6):542-547. Published online March 2, 2016
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2015.113
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- Background
/Aims: In Korea, the nationwide gastric cancer screening program recommends biennial screening for individuals aged 40 years or older by way of either an upper gastrointestinal series or endoscopy. The national endoscopic quality assessment (QA) program began recommending endoscopy in medical institutions in 2009. We aimed to assess the effect, burden, and cost of the QA program from the viewpoint of medical institutions.
Methods
We surveyed the staff of institutional endoscopic units via e-mail.
Results
Staff members from 67 institutions replied. Most doctors were endoscopic specialists. They responded as to whether the QA program raised awareness for endoscopic quality (93%) or improved endoscopic practice (40%). The percentages of responders who reported improvements in the diagnosis of gastric cancer, the qualifications of endoscopists, the quality of facilities and equipment, endoscopic procedure, and endoscopic reprocessing were 69%, 60%, 66%, 82%, and 75%, respectively. Regarding reprocessing, many staff members reported that they had bought new automated endoscopic preprocessors (3%), used more disinfectants (34%), washed endoscopes longer (28%), reduced the number of endoscopies performed to adhere to reprocessing guidelines (9%), and created their own quality education programs (59%). Many responders said they felt that QA was associated with some degree of burden (48%), especially financial burden caused by purchasing new equipment. Reasonable quality standards (45%) and incentives (38%) were considered important to the success of the QA program.
Conclusions
Endoscopic quality has improved after 5 years of the mandatory endoscopic QA program.
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Citations
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- Monthly endoscopy surveillance culture facilitates detection of breaches in the scope reprocessing procedure: 5‐year experience in an endoscopy center
Shu‐Hui Chen, Theophile Liu, Huei‐Wen Lai, Hui‐Lan Chang, Hsu‐Heng Yen
Advances in Digestive Medicine.2022; 9(2): 103. CrossRef - A nationwide survey on the effectiveness of training on endoscope reprocessing within the national cancer screening program in Korea
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Dong-Hoon Yang
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Clinical Endoscopy.2016; 49(6): 495. CrossRef
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Case Report
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"Cat Scratch Colon" in a Patient with Ischemic Colitis
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Eui Ju Park, Joon Seong Lee, Tae Hee Lee, Dae Han Choi, Eui Bae Kim, Seong Ran Jeon, Su Jin Hong, Jin-Oh Kim
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Clin Endosc 2015;48(2):178-180. Published online March 27, 2015
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2015.48.2.178
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"Cat scratch colon" is a gross finding characterized by hemorrhagic mucosal scratches on colonoscopy. It is usually associated with a normal colon and is rarely associated with collagenous colitis. In a previous report, cat scratch colon was noted in the cecum and ascending colon, but has also been observed in the distal transverse colon. The patient in this study was also diagnosed with ischemic colitis that may have played a role in the development of cat scratch colon.
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Citations
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- Cat Scratch Colon: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Tareq Alsaleh, Swotantra Gautam, Nouman Shafique, Prachi Mann, Eduardo Lorenzo, Baha Aldeen Bani Fawwaz, Abu Hurairah
Cureus.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - An unexpected finding of cat scratch colon in a screening colonoscopy
Natalia Mora Cuadrado, Noelia Alcaide Suárez, Beatriz Antolín Melero, Beatriz Burgueño Gómez, Miguel Durà Gil, Luis Ignacio Fernández Salazar, José Manuel González Hernández
Gastroenterología y Hepatología (English Edition).2019; 42(3): 172. CrossRef - Hallazgo inesperado de colon en arañazo de gato en una colonoscopia de cribado
Natalia Mora Cuadrado, Noelia Alcaide Suárez, Beatriz Antolín Melero, Beatriz Burgueño Gómez, Miguel Durà Gil, Luis Ignacio Fernández Salazar, José Manuel González Hernández
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Special Issue Article of IDEN 2013
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Deep Enteroscopy: Which Technique Will Survive?
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Seong Ran Jeon, Jin-Oh Kim
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Clin Endosc 2013;46(5):480-485. Published online September 30, 2013
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2013.46.5.480
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Abstract
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The advent of deep enteroscopy (DE) has dramatically changed diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to small bowel diseases. Unlike capsule endoscopy, which is unable to obtain biopsies or treat a disease, DE techniques have diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities. Double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) was introduced in 2001, and single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE) and spiral enteroscopy (SE) were subsequently developed for small bowel investigation. In published reports comparing these different enteroscopy techniques, most comparative parameters (depth of insertion, complications, learning curve, diagnostic yield, and therapeutic yield) were comparable among DBE, SBE, and SE. However, the procedure duration appears to be shorter for SE than for DBE and SBE. The rate of complete enteroscopy is clearly superior for DBE, compared with SE and SBE. Because these results do not indicate an increase in diagnostic or therapeutic yield, the clinical impact of complete enteroscopy remains controversial. According to previous studies, the three DE methods seem to be equally effective and safe in the clinical setting. Although larger randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate the procedural characteristics and clinical impact, the selection of an enteroscopic technique should be based on availability and the endoscopist's experience.
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Case Report
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Gastric Schwannoma Diagnosed by Endoscopic Ultrasonography-Guided Trucut Biopsy
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Sung Wook Hong, Won Young Cho, Jin-Oh Kim, Chang Gyun Chun, Kwang Yeun Shim, Gene Hyun Bok, Wook Hyun Um, Ji Eun Lee
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Clin Endosc 2013;46(3):284-287. Published online May 31, 2013
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2013.46.3.284
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Abstract
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Schwannomas of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are rare subepithelial tumors comprising approximately 3.3% to 12.8% of all mesenchymal tumors of the GI tract. On endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) they are seen as hypoechoic tumors arising most commonly from the 4th proper muscle layer. Although EUS helps to distinguish tumor characteristics, tissue sampling is required for differentiation with other more common tumors such as GI stromal tumors. Both EUS-guided fine needle aspiration and EUS-guided trucut biopsy (EUS-TCB) can be used for tissue sampling. However, only EUS-TCB allows core biopsy and a high yield of immunohistochemical staining. We report a case of a gastric schwannoma diagnosed by EUS-TCB.
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Review
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Guideline for Capsule Endoscopy: Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding
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Ki-Nam Shim, Jeong Seop Moon, Dong Kyung Chang, Jae Hyuk Do, Ji Hyun Kim, Byung Hoon Min, Seong Ran Jeon, Jin-Oh Kim, Myung-Gyu Choi, Korean Gut Image Study Group
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Clin Endosc 2013;46(1):45-53. Published online January 31, 2013
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2013.46.1.45
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Abstract
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Capsule endoscopy (CE) is considered as a noninvasive and reliable diagnostic tool of examining the entire small bowel. CE has been performed frequently at many medical centers in South Korea; however, there is no evidence-based CE guideline for adequate diagnostic approaches. To provide accurate information and suggest correct testing approaches for small bowel disease, the guideline on CE was developed by the Korean Gut Image Study Group, a part of the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Operation teams for developing the guideline were organized into four areas: obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, small bowel preparation, Crohn's disease, and small bowel tumor. A total of 20 key questions were selected. In preparing this guideline, MEDLINE, Cochrane library, KMbase, KISS, and KoreaMed literature searches were performed. After writing a draft of the guideline, opinions from various experts were reflected before approving the final document. The guideline should be regarded as recommendations only to gastroenterologists in providing care to their patients. These are not absolute rules and should not be construed as establishing a legal standard of care. Although further revision may be necessary as new data appear, this guideline is expected to play a role for adequate diagnostic approaches of various small bowel diseases.
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