The bleeding complication risk of surgery or percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) may increase in patients with acute cholecystitis receiving antithrombotic therapy (ATT). Endoscopic gallbladder drainage (EGBD) may be recommended for such patients. English articles published between 1991 and 2018 in peer-reviewed journals that discuss cholecystectomy, PTGBD, and EGBD in patients with ATT or coagulopathy were reviewed to assess the safety of the procedures, especially in terms of the bleeding complication. There were 8 studies on cholecystectomy, 3 on PTGBD, and 1 on endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage (ETGBD) in patients receiving ATT. With respect to EGBD, 28 studies on ETGBD (including 1 study already mentioned above) and 26 studies on endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) were also analyzed. The overall bleeding complication rate in patients with ATT who underwent cholecystectomy was significantly higher than that in patients without ATT (6.5% [23/354] vs. 1.2% [26/2,224], p<0.001). However, the bleeding risk of cholecystectomy and PTGBD in patients receiving ATT was controversial. The overall technical success, clinical success, and bleeding complication rates of ETGBD vs. EUS-GBD were 84% vs. 96% (p<0.001), 92% vs. 97% (p<0.001), and 0.65% vs. 2.1% (p=0.005), respectively. One patient treated with ETGBD experienced bleeding complication among 191 patients with bleeding tendency. ETGBD may be an ideal drainage procedure for patients receiving ATT from the viewpoint of bleeding, although EUS-GBD is also efficacious.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided gallbladder drainage for acute cholecystitis Jacquelyn Chi Ying Fok, Anthony Yuen Bun Teoh, Shannon Melissa Chan Digestive Endoscopy.2025; 37(1): 93. CrossRef
Recurrence rate of cholecystitis after initial gallbladder stenting versus secondary gallbladder stenting: A propensity score matching study Ryota Nakabayashi, Hideki Kamada, Masahiro Ono, Toshiaki Kono, Naoki Fujita, Hiroki Yamana, Kiyoyuki Kobayashi, Joji Tani, Yasuhisa Ando, Hironobu Suto, Minoru Oshima, Keiichi Okano, Hideki Kobara DEN Open.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Pseudoaneurysmal rupture with massive bleeding following endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage using an electrocautery-enhanced lumen-apposing metal stent Kyong Joo Lee, Se Woo Park, Dong Hee Koh Endoscopy.2025; 57(S 01): E327. CrossRef
How antithrombotic therapy influences the clinical outcomes of emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis Kei Harada, Yusuke Uemoto, Takahisa Fujikawa Surgery Today.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Acute cholecystitis management in high-risk, critically ill, and unfit-for-surgery patients: the Italian Society of Emergency Surgery and Trauma (SICUT) guidelines Federico Coccolini, Eugenio Cucinotta, Andrea Mingoli, Mauro Zago, Gaia Altieri, Alan Biloslavo, Roberto Caronna, Ismail Cengeli, Enrico Cicuttin, Roberto Cirocchi, Luigi Cobuccio, Gianluca Costa, Valerio Cozza, Camilla Cremonini, Giovanni Del Vecchio, Gi Updates in Surgery.2024; 76(2): 331. CrossRef
Endosonografische Drainage der Gallenblase wegen akuter Cholezystitis bei Patienten mit hohem Operationsrisiko Markus Zachäus, Michael Bartels, Andreas Flade, Andreas Schubert-Hartmann, Regina Lamberts, Alireza Sepehri-Shamloo, Ulrich Paul Halm Zentralblatt für Chirurgie - Zeitschrift für Allgemeine, Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie.2023; 148(02): 140. CrossRef
Strategy Comparison of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Gallbladder Drainage to Percutaneous Transhepatic Gallbladder Drainage, Following Failed Emergent Endoscopic Transpapillary Gallbladder Drainage Ryota Sagami, Kazuhiro Mizukami, Takao Sato, Hidefumi Nishikiori, Kazunari Murakami Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(22): 7034. CrossRef
Efficacy of endoscopic gallbladder drainage in patients with acute cholecystitis Anri Kaneta, Hirotaka Sasada, Takuma Matsumoto, Tsuyoshi Sakai, Shuichi Sato, Takashi Hara BMC Surgery.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Endoscopic ultrasound in the management of acute cholecystitis J.L. Teh, Mihai Rimbas, Alberto Larghi, Anthony Yuen Bun Teoh Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology.2022; 60-61: 101806. CrossRef
Interventional endoscopic ultrasound Christoph F. Dietrich, Barbara Braden, Christian Jenssen Current Opinion in Gastroenterology.2021; 37(5): 449. CrossRef
The Bad Gallbladder Miloš Buhavac, Ali Elsaadi, Sharmila Dissanaike Surgical Clinics of North America.2021; 101(6): 1053. CrossRef
Background /Aims: Endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage (ETGBD) is useful for the treatment of acute cholecystitis; however, the technique is difficult to perform. When intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS) is combined with ETGBD, the orifice of the cystic duct in the common bile duct may be more easily detected in the cannulation procedure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ETGBD with IDUS compared with that of ETGBD alone.
Methods A total of 100 consecutive patients with acute cholecystitis requiring ETGBD were retrospectively recruited. The first 50 consecutive patients were treated using ETGBD without IDUS, and the next 50 patients were treated using ETGBD with IDUS. Through propensity score matching analysis, we compared the clinical outcomes between the groups. The primary outcome was the technical success rate.
Results The technical success rate of ETGBD with IDUS was significantly higher than that of ETGBD without IDUS (92.0% vs. 76.0%, p=0.044). There was no significant difference in procedure length between the two groups (74.0 min vs. 66.7 min, p=0.310). The complication rate of ETGBD with IDUS was significantly higher than that of ETGBD without IDUS (6.0% vs. 0%, p<0.001); however, only one case showed an IDUS technique-related complication (pancreatitis).
Conclusions The assistance of IDUS may be useful in ETGBD.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Endoscopic management of acute cholecystitis in high‐risk surgical patients: A comprehensive review article Akinori Maruta, Takuji Iwashita, Kensaku Yoshida, Shogo Shimizu, Masahito Shimizu DEN Open.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Usefulness of a One‐step Semi‐deployment Flushing and Stenting Technique in Endoscopic Transpapillary Gallbladder Drainage for Acute Cholecystitis (With Video) Yuki Kawasaki, Jun Ushio, Hisaki Kato, Kazuya Sumi, Yuki Shibata, Norihiro Nomura, Junichi Eguchi, Takayoshi Ito, Haruhiro Inoue DEN Open.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
The Success Rate Is Lower but Completion Rate of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Is higher in Endoscopic Transpapillary Gallbladder Drainage than Percutaneous Gallbladder Drainage for Acute Cholecystitis Toshiro Masuda, Hiroshi Takamori, Ken-ichi Ogata, Katsuhiro Ogawa, Kenji Shimizu, Ryuichi Karashima, Hidetoshi Nitta, Katsutaka Matsumoto, Tetsuya Okino, Hideo Baba Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques.2024; 34(4): 413. CrossRef
The Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography and Endoscopic Ultrasound Connection: Unity Is Strength, or the Endoscopic Ultrasonography Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Concept Claudio Giovanni De Angelis, Eleonora Dall’Amico, Maria Teresa Staiano, Marcantonio Gesualdo, Mauro Bruno, Silvia Gaia, Marco Sacco, Federica Fimiano, Anna Mauriello, Simone Dibitetto, Chiara Canalis, Rosa Claudia Stasio, Alessandro Caneglias, Federica Me Diagnostics.2023; 13(20): 3265. CrossRef
Strategy Comparison of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Gallbladder Drainage to Percutaneous Transhepatic Gallbladder Drainage, Following Failed Emergent Endoscopic Transpapillary Gallbladder Drainage Ryota Sagami, Kazuhiro Mizukami, Takao Sato, Hidefumi Nishikiori, Kazunari Murakami Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(22): 7034. CrossRef
The anatomy of the cystic duct and its association with cholelithiasis: MR cholangiopancreatographic study Shallu Garg, Usha Dutta, Sreedhara B. Chaluvashetty, Kimavat Hemanth Kumar, Naveen Kalra, Daisy Sahni, Anjali Aggarwal Clinical Anatomy.2022; 35(7): 847. CrossRef
Bouncing off the balloon: A new trick for selective cystic duct cannulation Rishabh Gulati, Tarun Rustagi Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Sciences.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Endoscopic Transpapillary Gallbladder Drainage for Acute Cholecystitis Zain A. Sobani, Christina Ling, Tarun Rustagi Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2021; 66(5): 1425. CrossRef
Akute Cholezystitis bei hohem OP-Risiko: sonografische und endoskopische Therapieoptionen Manuela Götzberger, Natascha Nüssler, Barbara Braden, Christoph F. Dietrich, Thomas Müller Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie.2021; 59(09): 983. CrossRef
Editors' Choice of Noteworthy Clinical Endoscopy Publications in the First Decade Gwang Ha Kim, Kwang An Kwon, Do Hyun Park, Jimin Han Clinical Endoscopy.2021; 54(5): 633. CrossRef
A case in which repositioning based on intraductal ultrasonography was useful for trans-papillary gallbladder drainage Teruaki Miyauchi, Kenji Shimura Progress of Digestive Endoscopy.2021; 99(1): 135. CrossRef
Intraductal Ultrasonography Can Enhance the Success of Endoscopic Transpapillary Gallbladder Drainage in Patients with Acute Cholecystitis
Clement Chun Ho Wu, Christopher Jen Lock Khor Clinical Endoscopy.2020; 53(2): 114. CrossRef