Clinical Endoscopy

Outcomes of partially covered self-expandable metal stents with different uncovered lengths in endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy: a Japanese retrospective study: Takeshi Okamoto, Takashi Sasaki, Tsuyoshi Takeda, Tatsuki Hirai, Takahiro Ishitsuka, Manabu Yamada, Hiroki Nakagawa, Takafumi Mie, Takaaki Furukawa, Akiyoshi Kasuga, Masato Ozaka, Naoki Sasahira; Clin Endosc 2024;57(4):515-526. Published online May 10, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.142

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Background
/Aims: The optimal length of the uncovered portion of partially covered self-expandable metal stents (PCSEMSs) used in endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) remains unclear. This study investigated the safety and efficacy of PCSEMSs with different uncovered lengths, with a focus on stent migration and time to recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO).
Methods
Outcomes of patients undergoing EUS-HGS using PCSEMSs with 5-mm and 20-mm uncovered portions at our institution from January 2016 to December 2021 were compared.
Results
Sixty-two patients underwent EUS-HGS using PCSEMS (5/20-mm uncovered portions: 32/30). Stent migration occurred only in the 5-mm group. There were no differences in RBO rates (28.1% vs. 40.0%) or median time to RBO (6.8 vs. 7.1 months) between the two groups. Median overall survival (OS) was longer in the 20-mm group (3.1 vs. 4.9 months, p=0.037) due to the higher number of patients that resumed chemotherapy after EUS-HGS (56.7% vs. 28.1%, p=0.029). Good performance status, absence of hepatic metastases, and chemotherapy after EUS-HGS were independent predictors of longer OS.
Conclusions
No migration was observed in patients treated with PCSEMS with 20-mm uncovered portions. Patients treated with PCSEMS with 20-mm uncovered portions performed at least as well as those treated with 5-mm uncovered portions in all material respects.

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Migration of covered expandable metal stents after endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy: stent covering versus stent design?
Todd H. Baron
Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(4): 471. CrossRef

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Risk factors for recurrent stenosis after balloon dilation for benign hepaticojejunostomy anastomotic stricture: Takafumi Mie, Takashi Sasaki, Takeshi Okamoto, Tsuyoshi Takeda, Chinatsu Mori, Yuto Yamada, Takaaki Furukawa, Akiyoshi Kasuga, Masato Matsuyama, Masato Ozaka, Naoki Sasahira; Clin Endosc 2024;57(2):253-262. Published online May 16, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2022.216

Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Background
/Aims: Hepaticojejunostomy anastomotic stricture (HJAS) is a feared adverse event associated with hepatopancreatobiliary surgery. Although balloon dilation for benign HJAS during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with balloon-assisted enteroscopy has been reported to be useful, the treatment strategy remains controversial. Therefore, we evaluated the outcomes and risk factors of recurrent stenosis after balloon dilation alone for benign HJAS.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients who underwent balloon-assisted enteroscopy–endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for benign HJAS at our institution between July 2014 and December 2020.
Results
Forty-six patients were included, 16 of whom had recurrent HJAS after balloon dilation. The patency rates at 1 and 2 years after balloon dilation were 76.8% and 64.2%, respectively. Presence of a residual balloon notch during balloon dilation was an independent predictor of recurrence (hazard ratio, 2.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–7.78; p=0.048), whereas HJAS within postoperative 1 year tended to be associated with recurrence (hazard ratio, 2.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.85–6.89; p=0.096). The patency rates in patients without a residual balloon notch were 82.1% and 73.1% after 1 and 2 years, respectively.
Conclusions
Balloon dilation alone may be a viable option for patients with benign HJAS without residual balloon notches on fluoroscopy.

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Rotatable sphincterotome as a rescue device for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography cannulation: a single-center experience: Takeshi Okamoto, Takashi Sasaki, Tsuyoshi Takeda, Takafumi Mie, Chinatsu Mori, Takaaki Furukawa, Yuto Yamada, Akiyoshi Kasuga, Masato Matsuyama, Masato Ozaka, Naoki Sasahira; Clin Endosc 2024;57(1):96-104. Published online April 25, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2022.248

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Background
/Aims: Selective bile duct or pancreatic duct cannulation remains a significant initial hurdle in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) despite advances in endoscopy and accessories. This study evaluated our experience with a rotatable sphincterotome in cases of difficult cannulation.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed ERCP cases using TRUEtome, a rotatable sphincterotome, as a rescue device for cannulation at a cancer institute in Japan from October 2014 to December 2021.
Results
TRUEtome was used in 88 patients. Duodenoscopes were used for 51 patients, while single-balloon enteroscopes (SBE) were used for 37 patients. TRUEtome was used for biliary and pancreatic duct cannulation (84.1%), intrahepatic bile duct selection (12.5%), and strictures of the afferent limb (3.4%). Cannulation success rates were similar in the duodenoscope and SBE groups (86.3% vs. 75.7%, p=0.213). TRUEtome was more commonly used in cases with steep cannulation angles in the duodenoscope group and in cases requiring cannulation in different directions in the SBE group. There were no significant differences in adverse events between the two groups.
Conclusions
The cannulation sphincterotome was useful for difficult cannulations in both unaltered and surgically altered anatomies. It may be an option to consider before high-risk procedures such as precut and endoscopic ultrasound-guided rendezvous techniques.

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Non-tip and rotatable sphincterotome for biliary cannulation in patients with Roux-en-Y gastrectomy
Haruo Miwa, Kazuya Sugimori, Kazuki Endo, Ritsuko Oishi, Hiromi Tsuchiya, Takashi Kaneko, Shin Maeda
Endoscopy.2024; 56(S 01): E103. CrossRef
Progress in minimally invasive treatment of biliary pancreatic duct obstruction after digestive tract reconstruction by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Ru-Yi Wang, Zhen Fan
World Chinese Journal of Digestology.2024; 32(7): 490. CrossRef

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Evaluation of the mechanical properties of current biliary self-expandable metallic stents: axial and radial force, and axial force zero border: Wataru Yamagata, Toshio Fujisawa, Takashi Sasaki, Rei Ishibashi, Tomotaka Saito, Shuntaro Yoshida, Shizuka No, Kouta Inoue, Yousuke Nakai, Naoki Sasahira, Hiroyuki Isayama; Clin Endosc 2023;56(5):633-649. Published online April 10, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2022.201

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Background
/Aims: Mechanical properties (MPs) and axial and radial force (AF and RF) may influence the efficacy and complications of self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) placement. We measured the MPs of various SEMSs and examined their influence on the SEMS clinical ability.
Methods
We evaluated the MPs of 29 types of 10-mm SEMSs. RF was measured using a conventional measurement device. AF was measured using the conventional and new methods, and the correlation between the methods was evaluated.
Results
A high correlation in AFs was observed, as measured by the new and conventional manual methods. AF and RF scatterplots divided the SEMSs into three subgroups according to structure: hook-and-cross-type (low AF and RF), cross-type (high AF and low RF), and laser-cut-type (intermediate AF and high RF). The hook-and-cross-type had the largest axial force zero border (>20°), followed by the laser-cut and cross types.
Conclusions
MPs were related to stent structure. Hook-and-cross-type SEMSs had a low AF and high axial force zero border and were considered safest because they caused minimal stress on the biliary wall. However, the increase in RF must be overcome.

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Characteristics of four commonly used self-expanding biliary stents: an in vitro study
Jiaywei Tsauo, Yan Fu, Yue Liu, Xiaowu Zhang, He Zhao, Xiao Li
European Radiology Experimental.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Outcomes of 6‐mm diameter fully covered self‐expandable metal stents for preoperative biliary drainage in pancreatic cancer
Hiroki Nakagawa, Tsuyoshi Takeda, Takeshi Okamoto, Takafumi Mie, Akiyoshi Kasuga, Takashi Sasaki, Masato Ozaka, Takahisa Matsuda, Yoshinori Igarashi, Naoki Sasahira
DEN Open.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Late-onset Rupture of the Intrahepatic Pseudoaneurysm Developed by Endoscopic Ultrasonography-guided Hepaticogastrostomy: A Case Report and Literature Review
Tesshin Ban, Yoshimasa Kubota, Takuya Takahama, Shun Sasoh, Satoshi Tanida, Makoto Nakamura, Tomoaki Ando, Takashi Joh
Internal Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Dosimetric characteristics of self-expandable metallic and plastic stents for transpapillary biliary decompression in external beam radiotherapy
Yoshihiro Ueda, Kenji Ikezawa, Tomohiro Sagawa, Masaru Isono, Shingo Ohira, Masayoshi Miyazaki, Ryoji Takada, Takuo Yamai, Kazuyoshi Ohkawa, Teruki Teshima, Koji Konishi
Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Radial force and wire structure determine the onset of covered self‐expandable metal stent migration in endoscopic ultrasound‐guided hepaticogastrostomy: Measurement of sliding‐resistance force using a porcine model
Takehiko Koga, Hiroshi Yamada, Yusuke Ishida, Naoaki Tsuchiya, Takanori Kitaguchi, Keisuke Matsumoto, Makoto Fukuyama, Norihiro Kojima, Fumihito Hirai
Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Sciences.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Biliary stents for active materials and surface modification: Recent advances and future perspectives
Yuechuan Li, Kunshan Yuan, Chengchen Deng, Hui Tang, Jinxuan Wang, Xiaozhen Dai, Bing Zhang, Ziru Sun, Guiying Ren, Haijun Zhang, Guixue Wang
Bioactive Materials.2024; 42: 587. CrossRef
Manufacturing, Processing, and Characterization of Self-Expanding Metallic Stents: A Comprehensive Review
Saeedeh Vanaei, Mahdi Hashemi, Atefeh Solouk, Mohsen Asghari Ilani, Omid Amili, Mohamed Samir Hefzy, Yuan Tang, Mohammad Elahinia
Bioengineering.2024; 11(10): 983. CrossRef
Understanding mechanical properties of biliary metal stents for wise stent selection
Seok Jeong
Clinical Endoscopy.2023; 56(5): 592. CrossRef
How to reduce fistula formation after self-expandable metallic stent insertion for treating malignant esophageal stricture?
Kwang Bum Cho
Clinical Endoscopy.2023; 56(6): 735. CrossRef

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Comparison of tube-assisted mapping biopsy with digital single-operator peroral cholangioscopy for preoperative evaluation of biliary tract cancer: Tsuyoshi Takeda, Takashi Sasaki, Takafumi Mie, Takeshi Okamoto, Chinatsu Mori, Takaaki Furukawa, Yuto Yamada, Akiyoshi Kasuga, Masato Matsuyama, Masato Ozaka, Naoki Sasahira; Clin Endosc 2022;55(4):549-557. Published online July 20, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2021.227

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Background
/Aims: Digital single-operator cholangioscopy (DSOC)-guided mapping biopsy (DMB) and tube-assisted mapping biopsy (TMB) are two techniques used for preoperative evaluation of biliary tract cancer (BTC). However, data regarding the diagnostic performance of these techniques are limited.
Methods
We retrospectively examined consecutive patients with BTC who underwent either technique at our institution between 2018 and 2020. We evaluated the technical success rate, adequate tissue acquisition rate, and diagnostic performance of these techniques for the evaluation of lateral spread of BTC.
Results
A total of 54 patients were included in the study. The technical success rate of reaching the target sites was 95% for DMB and 100% for TMB. The adequate tissue acquisition rate was 61% for DMB and 69% for TMB. The adequate tissue acquisition rate was low, especially for target sites beyond the secondary biliary radicles. The sensitivity of DMB alone was 39%, which improved to 65% when combined with visual impression. Experts demonstrated a higher negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy with respect to both DSOC visual impression and DMB for the evaluation of lateral spread of BTC compared to trainees.
Conclusions
Adequate tissue acquisition rates were similar between the two techniques. Since DMB requires expertise, TMB may be an acceptable option when DSOC is unavailable or when DSOC expertise is limited.

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Endoscopic evaluation of indeterminate biliary strictures: Cholangioscopy, endoscopic ultrasound, or both?
Raymond S. Y. Tang
Digestive Endoscopy.2024; 36(7): 778. CrossRef
Cholangioscopy for biliary diseases
Aymeric Becq, Adil Soualy, Marine Camus
Current Opinion in Gastroenterology.2023; 39(2): 67. CrossRef

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Comparison of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Tissue Acquisition Using a 20-Gauge Menghini Needle with a Lateral Forward Bevel and a 22-Gauge Franseen Needle: A Single-Center Large Cohort Study: Takafumi Mie, Takashi Sasaki, Ryo Kanata, Takaaki Furukawa, Tsuyoshi Takeda, Akiyoshi Kasuga, Masato Matsuyama, Masato Ozaka, Naoki Sasahira; Clin Endosc 2021;54(5):730-738. Published online March 4, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2020.251

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Background
/Aims: Several fine-needle biopsy (FNB) needles are available for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided tissue acquisition. However, there is disagreement on which type of needle has the best diagnostic yield. The aim of this study was to compare the performance and safety of two commonly used EUS-FNB needles.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients who underwent EUS-FNB between June 2016 and March 2020 in our hospital. Two types of needles were evaluated: a 20-gauge Menghini needle with a lateral forward bevel and a 22-gauge Franseen needle. Rapid on-site evaluation was performed in all the cases. A multivariate analysis was performed to clarify the negative predictive factors for obtaining a histological diagnosis. Propensity score matching was performed to compare the diagnostic yields of these two needles.
Results
We analyzed 666 patients and 690 lesions. The overall diagnostic rate of histology alone was 88.8%, and the overall adverse event rate was 1.5%. Transduodenal access and small lesions (≤2 cm) were identified as negative predictive factors for obtaining a histological diagnosis. After propensity score matching, 482 lesions were analyzed. The diagnostic accuracy rates of histology in the M and F needle groups were 89.2% and 88.8%, respectively (p=1.00).
Conclusions
Both the needles showed high diagnostic yield, and no significant difference in performance was observed between the two.

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Primary Pancreatic Lymphoma: Endosonography-Guided Tissue Acquisition Diagnosis
Anna Carolina Orsini-Arman , Rodrigo Cañada T Surjan, Filadélfio E Venco, José C Ardengh
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Diagnostic Yield of Serial Pancreatic Juice Aspiration Cytologic Examination With Brush Cytology for Pancreatic Ductal Stenosis
Takafumi Mie, Takashi Sasaki, Tsuyoshi Takeda, Takeshi Okamoto, Chinatsu Mori, Takaaki Furukawa, Yuto Yamada, Akiyoshi Kasuga, Masato Matsuyama, Masato Ozaka, Naoki Sasahira
Pancreas.2022; 51(8): 995. CrossRef
Pancreatic follicular lymphoma: a report of two cases and literature review
Takeshi Okamoto, Takashi Sasaki, Noriko Nishimura, Manabu Takamatsu, Chinatsu Mori, Takafumi Mie, Takaaki Furukawa, Yuto Yamada, Tsuyoshi Takeda, Akiyoshi Kasuga, Masato Matsuyama, Masato Ozaka, Dai Maruyama, Naoki Sasahira
Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology.2021; 14(6): 1756. CrossRef

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Direct Insertion of a Short-Type Single-Balloon Enteroscope and Using a Stent Retriever to Treat Difficult Bile Duct Stones in Surgically Altered Anatomy: Takashi Sasaki, Naoki Sasahira; Clin Endosc 2021;54(6):937-938. Published online September 10, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2020.145

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Blind Spot of Enteral Stenting for Malignant Duodenal Obstruction due to Colon Cancer: A Rare Case of Duodenocolonic Fistula: Takashi Sasaki, Takafumi Mie, Naoki Sasahira; Clin Endosc 2021;54(3):443-444. Published online August 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2020.140

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