Clinical Endoscopy

Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in cirrhosis compared to non-cirrhosis and effect of Child-Pugh score on post-ERCP complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis: Zahid Ijaz Tarar, Umer Farooq, Mustafa Gandhi, Saad Saleem, Ebubekir Daglilar; Clin Endosc 2023;56(5):578-589. Published online May 2, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.027

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Background
/Aims: The safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in hepatic cirrhosis and the impact of Child-Pugh class on post-ERCP complications need to be better studied. We investigated the post-ERCP complication rates in patients with cirrhosis compared with those without cirrhosis.
Methods
We conducted a literature search of relevant databases to identify studies that reported post-ERCP complications in patients with hepatic cirrhosis.
Results
Twenty-four studies comprising 28,201 patients were included. The pooled incidence of post-ERCP complications in cirrhosis was 15.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.8%–19.2%; I2=96.2%), with an individual pooled incidence of pancreatitis 5.1% (95% CI, 3.1%–7.2%; I2=91.5%), bleeding 3.6% (95% CI, 2.8%–4.5%; I2=67.5%), cholangitis 2.9% (95% CI, 1.9%–3.8%; I2=83.4%), and perforation 0.3% (95% CI, 0.1%–0.5%; I2=3.7%). Patients with cirrhosis had a greater risk of post-ERCP complications (risk ratio [RR], 1.41; 95% CI, 1.16–1.71; I2=56.3%). The risk of individual odds of adverse events between cirrhosis and non-cirrhosis was as follows: pancreatitis (RR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.06–1.48; I2=24.8%), bleeding (RR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.59–2.37; I2=0%), cholangitis (RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.77–1.70; I2=12%), and perforation (RR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.59–2.43; I2=0%).
Conclusions
Cirrhosis is associated with an increased risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis, bleeding, and cholangitis.

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Case Report

Colorectal carcinoma and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: is there a possible paraneoplastic association?: Adnan Malik, Faisal Inayat, Muhammad Hassan Naeem Goraya, Gul Nawaz, Ahmad Mehran, Atif Aziz, Saad Saleem; Clin Endosc 2023;56(2):245-251. Published online July 28, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2021.076

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A plethora of paraneoplastic syndromes have been reported as remote effects of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). However, there is a dearth of data pertaining to the association of this cancer with demyelinating neuropathies. Herein, we describe the case of a young woman diagnosed with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins and prednisone did not improve her condition, and her neurological symptoms worsened. Subsequently, she was readmitted with exertional dyspnea, lightheadedness, malaise, and black stools. Colonoscopy revealed a necrotic mass in the ascending colon, which directly invaded the second part of the duodenum. Pathologic results confirmed the diagnosis of locally advanced CRC. Upon surgical resection of the cancer, her CIDP showed dramatic resolution without any additional therapy. Patients with CRC may develop CIDP as a type of paraneoplastic syndrome. Clinicians should remain cognizant of this potential association, as it is of paramount importance for the necessary holistic clinical management.

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