Clinical Endoscopy

Original Articles

Comparison of bispectral index-guided endoscopic ultrasonography with continuous vs. intermittent infusion of propofol: a retrospective study in Japan: Ayana Okamoto, Ken Kamata, Tomohiro Yamazaki, Shunsuke Omoto, Kosuke Minaga, Mamoru Takenaka, Masatoshi Kudo; Clin Endosc 2024;57(6):814-820. Published online July 24, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.019

Background
/Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of continuous propofol infusion for anesthesia during endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS).
Methods
A total of 427 consecutive patients who underwent EUS between May 2018 and February 2019 were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into two propofol infusion groups: continuous (n=207) and intermittent (n=220). The following parameters were compared: (1) propofol dose, (2) respiratory and circulatory depression, (3) body movement requiring discontinuation of the examination, (4) awakening score, and (5) patient satisfaction.
Results
The median total maintenance dose of propofol was significantly higher in the continuous group than in the intermittent group (160.0 mg vs. 130.0 mg, respectively); however, the reduction in SpO2 was significantly lower in the continuous group (2.9% vs. 13.2%). Body movements occurred less frequently in the continuous group than in the intermittent group (40.1% vs. 49.5%, respectively). The rate of complete awakening was significantly higher in the continuous group than in the intermittent group. Finally, there was a significant difference in the percentage of patients who answered “absolutely yes” when asked about receiving EUS again: 52.7% in the continuous group vs. 34.3% in the intermittent group.
Conclusions
Continuous infusion resulted in stable sedation and reduced propofol-associated risks.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and European Society of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Nurses and Associates (ESGENA) Guideline
Konstantinos Triantafyllou, Georgios Tziatzios, Tony C. Tham, Ulrike Beilenhoff, Vicente Lorenzo-Zúñiga, Roos E. Pouw, Philip Roelandt, Hannah van Malenstein, Peter Vilmann, Theodor Voiosu, Naim Abu-Freha, Aymeric Becq, Emmanuel Coron, Kjetil Garborg, Mar
Endoscopy.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

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Bispectral index-guided propofol sedation during endoscopic ultrasonography: Ayana Okamoto, Ken Kamata, Takeshi Miyata, Tomoe Yoshikawa, Rei Ishikawa, Tomohiro Yamazaki, Atsushi Nakai, Shunsuke Omoto, Kosuke Minaga, Kentaro Yamao, Mamoru Takenaka, Yasutaka Chiba, Toshiharu Sakurai, Naoshi Nishida, Masayuki Kitano, Masatoshi Kudo; Clin Endosc 2022;55(4):558-563. Published online July 12, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2022.001

Abstract PDF

Background
/Aims: Bispectral index (BIS) monitors process and display electroencephalographic data are used to assess the depth of anesthesia. This study retrospectively evaluated the usefulness of BIS monitoring during endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS).
Methods
This study included 725 consecutive patients who underwent EUS under sedation with propofol. BIS monitoring was used in 364 patients and was not used in 361. The following parameters were evaluated: (1) median dose of propofol; (2) respiratory and circulatory depression; (3) occurrence of body movements; (4) awakening score >8 at the time; and (5) awakening score 2 hours after leaving the endoscopy room.
Results
The BIS group received a significantly lower median dose of propofol than the non-BIS group (159.2 mg vs. 167.5 mg; p=0.015) in all age groups. For patients aged ≥75 years, the reduction in heart rate was significantly lower in the BIS group than in the non-BIS group (1.2% vs. 9.1%; p=0.023). Moreover, the occurrence of body movements was markedly lower in the BIS group than in the non-BIS group (8.5% vs. 39.4%; p<0.001).
Conclusions
During EUS examination, BIS monitoring is useful for maintaining a constant depth of anesthesia, especially in patients 75 years of age or older.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Reconsidering Sedation for Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography: The Potential of Remimazolam
Kosuke Minaga, Akane Hara, Masatoshi Kudo
Digestive Endoscopy.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
qCON and qNOX-Guided Sedation Monitoring During Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: A Prospective Observational Preliminary Study
Qin Liu, Dayuan Wei, Xiaoge Han, Wenjie Cheng, Xuanqi Yang, Su Min
Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management.2026; Volume 22: 1. CrossRef
Propofol‐alone sedative efficacy in observational biliopancreatic endoscopic ultrasound
Hisaki Kato, Yuki Kawasaki, Kazuya Sumi, Yuki Shibata, Norihiro Nomura, Jun Ushio, Junichi Eguchi, Takayoshi Ito, Haruhiro Inoue
DEN Open.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
General anesthesia and/or deep hypnotic state in propofol-based conscious sedation for endoscopy
Halim Bou Daher, Ali El Mokahal, Mohamad Ali Ibrahim, Rana Yamout, Nour Hochaimi, Chakib Ayoub, Yasser H. Shaib, Ala I. Sharara
iGIE.2024; 3(2): 286. CrossRef
EEG bispectral index sensor guidance improves accuracy and safety of procedural sedation
A. Oh, N. Karim, A. Pitt, S. Hodgetts, D.W. Edwards, D. Mullan, H-U. Laasch
Clinical Radiology.2024; 79(12): e1490. CrossRef
Comparison of bispectral index-guided endoscopic ultrasonography with continuous vs. intermittent infusion of propofol: a retrospective study in Japan
Ayana Okamoto, Ken Kamata, Tomohiro Yamazaki, Shunsuke Omoto, Kosuke Minaga, Mamoru Takenaka, Masatoshi Kudo
Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(6): 814. CrossRef
Advances in Analgosedation and Periprocedural Care for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Sonja Skiljic, Dino Budrovac, Ana Cicvaric, Nenad Neskovic, Slavica Kvolik
Life.2023; 13(2): 473. CrossRef
Clinical and economic value of bispectral index monitoring for adequate endoscopic sedation
Se Woo Park
Clinical Endoscopy.2022; 55(4): 518. CrossRef
Respiratory Failure during BIS-Guided Sedation in a Patient with Relapsing Polychondritis: A Case Report
Jaesang Lee, Hosik Moon, Sungjin Hong, Jinyoung Chon, Hyejin Kwon, Hunwoo Park, Jiyung Lee
Medicina.2022; 59(1): 65. CrossRef

8,688 View
185 Download
10 Web of Science
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