Clinical Endoscopy

Original Articles

Development of colonic stent simulator using three-dimensional printing technique: a simulator development study in Korea: Hyundam Gu, Suyoung Lee, Sol Kim, Hye-Lim Jang, Da-Woon Choi, Kyu Seok Kim, Yu Ri Shin, Dae Young Cheung, Bo-In Lee, Jin Il Kim, Han Hee Lee; Clin Endosc 2024;57(6):790-797. Published online September 23, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.110

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Background
/Aims: Colonic stenting plays a vital role in the management of acute malignant colonic obstruction. The increasing use of self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) and the diverse challenges posed by colonic obstruction at various locations underscore the importance of effective training for colonic stent placement.
Methods
All the components of the simulator were manufactured using silicone molding techniques in conjunction with three-dimensional (3D) printing. 3D images sourced from computed tomography scans and colonoscopy images were converted into a stereolithography format. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymers have been used in fused deposition modeling to produce moldings.
Results
The simulator replicated the large intestine from the rectum to the cecum, mimicking the texture and shape of the human colon. It enables training for colonoscopy insertion, cecum intubation, loop reduction, and stenting within stenotic areas. Interchangeable stenotic modules for four sites (rectum, sigmoid colon, descending colon, and ascending colon) were easily assembled for training. These modules integrate tumor contours and blood vessel structures with a translucent center, allowing real-time visualization during stenting. Successful and repeatable demonstrations of stent insertion and expansion using the reusable SEMS were consistently achieved.
Conclusions
This innovative simulator offers a secure colonic stenting practice across various locations, potentially enhancing clinical outcomes by improving operator proficiency during actual procedures.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

3D Printing in Gastroenterology
Jack T. Gardner, Steve P. Bensen
Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology.2026; 60(1): 28. CrossRef
Novel minimally invasive strategies for achieving source control in intra-abdominal infections
Clayton Wyland, Desmond Zeng, Robert G. Sawyer
Current Opinion in Critical Care.2025; 31(2): 228. CrossRef
Comments on ‘Development of colonic stent simulator using three-dimensional printing technique: a simulator development study in Korea’
Dae Jin Jung, Gwang Ha Kim
Clinical Endoscopy.2025; 58(2): 334. CrossRef
Three-Dimensional-Printed Gastrointestinal Tract Models for Surgical Planning and Medical Education: A Systematic Review
Jing Lei, Lisa B. G. Tee, Krish Ragunath, Zhonghua Sun
Applied Sciences.2025; 15(13): 7384. CrossRef

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Comparison between Midazolam Used Alone and in Combination with Propofol for Sedation during Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography: Yu Seok Kim, Myung-Hwan Kim, Seung Uk Jeong, Byung Uk Lee, Sang Soo Lee, Do Hyun Park, Dong-Wan Seo, Sung Koo Lee; Clin Endosc 2014;47(1):94-100. Published online January 24, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2014.47.1.94

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background/Aims

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an uncomfortable procedure that requires adequate sedation for its successful conduction. We investigated the efficacy and safety of the combined use of intravenous midazolam and propofol for sedation during ERCP.

Methods

A retrospective review of patient records from a single tertiary care hospital was performed. Ninety-four patients undergoing ERCP received one of the two medication regimens, which was administered by a nurse under the supervision of a gastroenterologist. Patients in the midazolam (M) group (n=44) received only intravenous midazolam, which was titrated to achieve deep sedation. Patients in the midazolam pulse propofol (MP) group (n=50) initially received an intravenous combination of midazolam and propofol, and then propofol was titrated to achieve deep sedation.

Results

The time to the initial sedation was shorter in the MP group than in the M group (1.13 minutes vs. 1.84 minutes, respectively; p<0.001). The recovery time was faster in the MP group than in the M group (p=0.031). There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to frequency of adverse events, pain experienced by the patient, patient discomfort, degree of amnesia, and gag reflex. Patient cooperation, rated by the endoscopist as excellent, was greater in the MP group than in the M group (p=0.046).

Conclusions

The combined use of intravenous midazolam and propofol for sedation during ERCP is more effective than midazolam alone. There is no difference in the safety of the procedure.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Sedation in the Endoscopy Suite
Katherine B. Hagan, Selvi Thirumurthi, Raju Gottumukkala, John Vargo
Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology.2016; 14(2): 194. CrossRef
Sedation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a randomized controlled study of patient-controlled propofol sedation and that given by a nurse anesthetist
Andreas Nilsson, Benjamin Grossmann, Eric Kullman, Eva Uustal, Folke Sjöberg, Lena Nilsson
Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology.2015; 50(10): 1285. CrossRef
Non‐radiation endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the management of choledocholithiasis during pregnancy
Wenming Wu, Douglas O. Faigel, Gang Sun, Yunsheng Yang
Digestive Endoscopy.2014; 26(6): 691. CrossRef
Monitored Anesthesia Care for Sedation during Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Young Duck Shin
Korean Journal of Pancreas and Biliary Tract.2014; 19(2): 59. CrossRef
Prerequisites of Colonoscopy
Kyong Hee Hong, Yun Jeong Lim
Clinical Endoscopy.2014; 47(4): 324. CrossRef

10,347 View
102 Download
6 Web of Science
5 Crossref

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