Clinical Endoscopy

Editorial

Endoscopic approaches for the management of giant colonic polyps: Yunho Jung; Clin Endosc 2024;57(4):468-470. Published online July 2, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.130

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Review

Korean guidelines for postpolypectomy colonoscopic surveillance: 2022 revised edition: Su Young Kim, Min Seob Kwak, Soon Man Yoon, Yunho Jung, Jong Wook Kim, Sun-Jin Boo, Eun Hye Oh, Seong Ran Jeon, Seung-Joo Nam, Seon-Young Park, Soo-Kyung Park, Jaeyoung Chun, Dong Hoon Baek, Mi-Young Choi, Suyeon Park, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Hyung Kil Kim, Joo Young Cho, Moon Sung Lee, Oh Young Lee, Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Korean Society of Gastroenterology, Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases; Clin Endosc 2022;55(6):703-725. Published online October 13, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2022.136

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Colonoscopic polypectomy is effective in decreasing the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC). Premalignant polyps discovered during colonoscopy are associated with the risk of metachronous advanced neoplasia. Postpolypectomy surveillance is the most important method for the management of advanced metachronous neoplasia. A more efficient and evidence-based guideline for postpolypectomy surveillance is required because of limited medical resources and concerns regarding colonoscopy complications. In these consensus guidelines, an analytic approach was used to address all reliable evidence to interpret the predictors of CRC or advanced neoplasia during surveillance colonoscopy. The key recommendations state that the high-risk findings for metachronous CRC following polypectomy are as follows: (1) adenoma ≥10 mm in size; (2) 3 to 5 (or more) adenomas; (3) tubulovillous or villous adenoma; (4) adenoma containing high-grade dysplasia; (5) traditional serrated adenoma; (6) sessile serrated lesion (SSL) containing any grade of dysplasia; (7) serrated polyp of at least 10 mm in size; and (8) 3 to 5 (or more) SSLs. More studies are needed to fully comprehend the patients most likely to benefit from surveillance colonoscopy and the ideal surveillance interval to prevent metachronous CRC.

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Association between Atherosclerosis and High-Risk Colorectal Adenomas based on Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index and Ankle-Brachial Index
Jung Ho Lee, Hyunseok Cho, Sang Hoon Lee, Sung Joon Lee, Chang Don Kang, Dae Hee Choi, Jin Myung Park, Seung-Joo Nam, Tae Suk Kim, Ji Hyun Kim, Sung Chul Park
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2024; 83(4): 143. CrossRef
A survey of current practices in post-polypectomy surveillance in Korea
Jeongseok Kim, Tae-Geun Gweon, Min Seob Kwak, Su Young Kim, Seong Jung Kim, Hyun Gun Kim, Eun Ran Kim, Sung Noh Hong, Eun Sun Kim, Chang Mo Moon, Dae Seong Myung, Dong Hoon Baek, Shin Ju Oh, Hyun Jung Lee, Ji Young Lee, Yunho Jung, Jaeyoung Chun, Dong-Hoo
Intestinal Research.2024; 22(2): 186. CrossRef
Approaches and considerations in the endoscopic treatment of T1 colorectal cancer
Yunho Jung
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2024; 39(4): 563. CrossRef
Utilizing ChatGPT4 in Deciding Follow-up Examination Intervals After Colonoscopy
Hyung-Hoon Oh
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2024; 84(5): 239. CrossRef
Influence of Lifestyles on Polyp Burden and Cancer Development in Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Syndromes
Hye Kyung Hyun, Ji Soo Park, Jihye Park, Soo Jung Park, Jae Jun Park, Jae Hee Cheon, Tae Il Kim
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Korean Guidelines for Postpolypectomy Colonoscopic Surveillance: 2022 Revision
Su Young Kim
The Korean Journal of Medicine.2023; 98(3): 102. CrossRef
Detecting colorectal lesions with image-enhanced endoscopy: an updated review from clinical trials
Mizuki Nagai, Sho Suzuki, Yohei Minato, Fumiaki Ishibashi, Kentaro Mochida, Ken Ohata, Tetsuo Morishita
Clinical Endoscopy.2023; 56(5): 553. CrossRef
Understanding colorectal polyps to prevent colorectal cancer
Dong-Hoon Yang
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2023; 66(11): 626. CrossRef
Classification and endoscopic diagnosis of colorectal polyps
Ji Hyun Kim, Sung Chul Park
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Endoscopic treatment of colorectal polyps and early colorectal cancer
Yunho Jung
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2023; 66(11): 642. CrossRef
Strategy for post-polypectomy colonoscopy surveillance: focus on the revised Korean guidelines
Yong Soo Kwon, Su Young Kim
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2023; 66(11): 652. CrossRef

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Editorial

A new band ligation device to treat colonic diverticular bleeding: Yunho Jung; Clin Endosc 2022;55(3):367-368. Published online May 2, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2022.125

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Commentary

Commentary on “Comparative Study of Narrow-Band Imaging and i-scan for Predicting the Histology of Intermediate-to-Large Colorectal Polyps: A Prospective, Randomized Pilot Study”: Yunho Jung, Masayuki Kato; Clin Endosc 2021;54(6):781-782. Published online November 12, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2021.206

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Classification and endoscopic diagnosis of colorectal polyps
Ji Hyun Kim, Sung Chul Park
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2023; 66(11): 633. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Diode Laser—Can It Replace the Electrical Current Used in Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection?: Yunho Jung, Gwang Ho Baik, Weon Jin Ko, Bong Min Ko, Seong Hwan Kim, Jin Seok Jang, Jae-Young Jang, Wan-Sik Lee, Young Kwan Cho, Sun Gyo Lim, Hee Seok Moon, In Kyung Yoo, Joo Young Cho; Clin Endosc 2021;54(4):555-562. Published online January 13, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2020.229

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Background
/Aims: A new medical fiber-guided diode laser system (FDLS) is expected to offer high-precision cutting with simultaneous hemostasis. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using the 1,940-nm FDLS to perform endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in the gastrointestinal tract of an animal model.
Methods
In this prospective animal pilot study, gastric and colorectal ESD using the FDLS was performed in ex vivo and in vivo porcine models. The completeness of en bloc resection, the procedure time, intraprocedural bleeding, histological injuries to the muscularis propria (MP) layer, and perforation were assessed.
Results
The en bloc resection and perforation rates in the ex vivo study were 100% (10/10) and 10% (1/10), respectively; those in the in vivo study were 100% (4/4) and 0% for gastric ESD and 100% (4/4) and 25% (1/4) for rectal ESD, respectively. Deep MP layer injuries tended to occur more frequently in the rectal than in the gastric ESD cases, and no intraprocedural bleeding occurred in either group.
Conclusions
The 1,940-nm FDLS was capable of yielding high en bloc resection rates without intraprocedural bleeding during gastric and colorectal ESD in animal models.

Citations

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Use of Diode Laser in Hysteroscopy for the Management of Intrauterine Pathology: A Systematic Review
Andrea Etrusco, Giovanni Buzzaccarini, Antonio Simone Laganà, Vito Chiantera, Salvatore Giovanni Vitale, Stefano Angioni, Maurizio Nicola D’Alterio, Luigi Nappi, Felice Sorrentino, Amerigo Vitagliano, Tommaso Difonzo, Gaetano Riemma, Liliana Mereu, Alessa
Diagnostics.2024; 14(3): 327. CrossRef
Recent advances in endoscopic management of gastric neoplasms
Hira Imad Cheema, Benjamin Tharian, Sumant Inamdar, Mauricio Garcia-Saenz-de-Sicilia, Cem Cengiz
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2023; 15(5): 319. CrossRef
Safety and efficacy of dual emission endoscopic laser treatment in patients with upper or lower gastrointestinal vascular lesions causing chronic anemia: results from the first multicenter cohort study
Gian Eugenio Tontini, Lorenzo Dioscoridi, Alessandro Rimondi, Paolo Cantù, Flaminia Cavallaro, Aurora Giannetti, Luca Elli, Luca Pastorelli, Francesco Pugliese, Massimiliano Mutignani, Maurizio Vecchi
Endoscopy International Open.2022; 10(04): E386. CrossRef

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Dedicated Cold Snare vs. Traditional Snare for Polypectomy of Diminutive and Small Lesions in a Porcine Model: A Research Group for Endoscopic Instruments and Stents (REIS) Study: Han Hee Lee, Bo-In Lee, Jung-Wook Kim, Hyun Lim, Si Hyung Lee, Jun-Hyung Cho, Yunho Jung, Kyoung Oh Kim, Chan Gyoo Kim, Kee Myung Lee, Jong-Jae Park, Myung-Gyu Choi, Hoon Jai Chun, Ho Gak Kim; Clin Endosc 2021;54(3):390-396. Published online September 10, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2020.096

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Background
/Aims: The aim of this in vivo animal study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of dedicated cold snare (DCS) compared with those of traditional snare (TS) for cold snare polypectomy (CSP).
Methods
A total of 36 diminutive (5 mm) and 36 small (9 mm) pseudolesions were made by electrocoagulation in the colons of mini-pigs.
Results
For the diminutive lesions, there were no significant differences in technical success rate, procedure time, or complete resection rate between the DCS and TS groups; the rate of uneven resection margin in the DCS group was significantly lower than that of the TS group. For small lesions, technical success rate and complete resection rate were significantly higher in the DCS group than in the TS group (100% [18/18] vs. 55.6% [10/18], p=0.003; 94.4% [17/18] vs. 40% [4/10], p=0.006). In addition, the procedure duration was significantly shorter, and the rate of uneven resection margin was significantly lower in the DCS group (28.5 sec vs. 66.0 sec, p=0.006; 11.1% [2/18] vs. 100% [10/10], p<0.001). Two cases of perforation occurred in the DCS group. Multivariate analysis revealed that DCS use was independently associated with complete resection.
Conclusions
DCS is superior to TS in terms of technical success, complete resection, and reducing the duration of the procedure for CSP of small polyps.

Citations

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Comparison of complete resection rates in cold snare polypectomy using two different wire diameter snares: A randomized controlled study
Toshiki Horii, Sho Suzuki, Akihiro Sugita, Misa Yamauchi, Hisatomo Ikehara, Chika Kusano, Takuji Gotoda
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2023; 38(5): 752. CrossRef
Comparison of the clinical efficacy of cold snare polypectomy using a thin-wire snare and thick-wire snare for small colorectal polyps
Hong Jin Yoon, Yunho Jung, Young Sin Cho, Il-Kwun Chung
International Journal of Gastrointestinal Intervention.2023; 12(4): 183. CrossRef
Big Issues on Small Polyps: An Ideal Device, But Is It for an Ideal Indication?
Yoji Takeuchi
Clinical Endoscopy.2021; 54(3): 297. CrossRef
Cold versus hot polypectomy/endoscopic mucosal resection–A review of current evidence
Raquel Ortigão, Jochen Weigt, Ahmed Afifi, Diogo Libânio
United European Gastroenterology Journal.2021; 9(8): 938. CrossRef

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Special Review: Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy “Accreditation of Qualified Endoscopy Unit” Guideline: Update 2019

Updates on the Disinfection and Infection Control Process of the Accredited Endoscopy Unit: Jeong Eun Shin, Yunho Jung, Jeong Hoon Lee, Byoung Kwan Son, Jae-Young Jang, Hyung-Keun Kim, Byung Ik Jang, The Quality Management Committee and the Disinfection Management Committee of Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy; Clin Endosc 2019;52(5):443-450. Published online September 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2019.173

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A thorough disinfection and infection control process associated with gastrointestinal endoscopy is highly important for the health and safety of the examinee and the medical staff involved in the procedure. Endoscopic reprocessing and disinfection are two of the most important steps in quality control of endoscopy. In 2019, the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy updated the Accreditation of Qualified Endoscopy Unit assessment items for these quality indicators. Assessment of disinfection and infection control comprises 28 mandatory items in the categories of disinfection education, pre-cleaning, cleaning, disinfection, rinsing, drying, reprocessing, storage, endoscopic accessories, water bottle and connectors, space/facilities, personal protective equipment, disinfection ledger, and regulations regarding infection control and disinfection.
The updated Accreditation of Qualified Endoscopy Unit assessment items are useful for improving the quality of endoscopy by ensuring thorough inspection of endoscopic disinfection and infection control.

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Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases.2024; 37: 100476. CrossRef
Endoscope Cleaning and Disinfection Guidelines for Primary Care Physicians
Yoo-Bin Seo, Seung Hee Kim, Eon Sook Lee, Seung Jin Jung, Sang Keun Hahm
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Infection control in the bronchoscopy suite: effective reprocessing and disinfection of reusable bronchoscopes
Mamta S. Chhabria, Fabien Maldonado, Atul C. Mehta
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María Rita Rodríguez-Luna, Silvana Perretta
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Focused Review Series: The Roles of Endoscopy in the Management of Colonic Obstruction and Perforation

Endoscopic Management of Iatrogenic Colon Perforation: Yunho Jung; Clin Endosc 2020;53(1):29-36. Published online July 3, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2019.061

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Colon perforations are difficult to resolve because they occur unexpectedly and infrequently. If the clinician is unprepared or lacks training in dealing with perforations, the clinical prognosis will be affected, which can lead to legal issues. We describe here the proper approach to the management of perforations, including deciding on endoscopic or surgical treatment, selection of endoscopic devices, endoscopic closure procedures, and general management of perforations that occur during diagnostic or therapeutic colonoscopy.

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Yuki Kamigaichi, Shiro Oka, Shinji Tanaka, Shinji Nagata, Masaki Kunihiro, Toshio Kuwai, Yuko Hiraga, Akira Furudoi, Seiji Onogawa, Hideharu Okanobu, Takeshi Mizumoto, Tomohiro Miwata, Shiro Okamoto, Kenichi Yoshimura, Kazuaki Chayama
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Review

Revision of Quality Indicators for the Endoscopy Quality Improvement Program of the National Cancer Screening Program in Korea: Jun Ki Min, Jae Myung Cha, Yu Kyung Cho, Jie-Hyun Kim, Soon Man Yoon, Jong Pil Im, Yunho Jung, Jeong Seop Moon, Jin-Oh Kim, Yoon Tae Jeen; Clin Endosc 2018;51(3):239-252. Published online May 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2018.075

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Gastroscopy and colonoscopy are widely used for the early diagnosis of stomach and colorectal cancer. The present revision integrates recent data regarding previous quality indicators and novel indicators suggested for gastroscopy and colonoscopy procedures for the National Cancer Screening Program in Korea. The new indicators, developed by the Quality Improvement Committee of the Korean Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, vary in the level of supporting evidence, and most are based solely on expert opinion. Updated indicators validated by clinical research were prioritized, but were chosen by expert consensus when such studies were absent. The resultant quality indicators were graded according to the levels of consensus and recommendations. The updated indicators will provide a relevant guideline for high-quality endoscopy. The future direction of quality indicator development should include relevant outcome measures and an evidence-based approach to support proposed performance targets.

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Focused Review Series: Roles of Bariatric Endoscopy in Obesity Treatment

Role of Endoscopic Gastroplasty Techniques in the Management of Obesity: Yunho Jung; Clin Endosc 2017;50(1):21-25. Published online January 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2016.147

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Health and wellness represent a major global concern. Trends such as a lack of exercise and excessive consumption of calories are major causes of the rapid increase in obesity worldwide. Obesity should be controlled because it can result in other illnesses, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, coronary artery disease, stroke, breathing disorders, or cancer. However, many people have difficulty in managing obesity through exercise, dietary control, behavioral modifications, and drug therapy. Bariatric surgery is not commonly used due to a variety of complications, even though it has been demonstrated to produce reliable results with respect to adequate weight loss when performed using an open or a laparoscopic approach. Endoscopic bariatric procedures are emerging techniques that are less invasive and safer compared with current surgical approaches. However, the evaluation of endoluminal procedures is limited by the small number of studies and their short-term follow-up.

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Left gastric artery embolization for obesity treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of human and animal studies
Malkhaz Mizandari, Pedram Keshavarz, Tamta Azrumelashvili, Fereshteh Yazdanpanah, Elnaz Lorzadeh, Hamidreza Hosseinpour, Amir Bazyar, Seyed Faraz Nejati, Faranak Ebrahimian Sadabad
Abdominal Radiology.2021; 46(9): 4440. CrossRef
Bariatric Embolization of the Left Gastric Arteries for the Treatment of Obesity: 9-Month Data in 5 Patients
Zhi-Bin Bai, Yong-Lin Qin, Gang Deng, Guo-Feng Zhao, Bin-Yan Zhong, Gao-Jun Teng
Obesity Surgery.2018; 28(4): 907. CrossRef
Bariatric Arterial Embolization for Obesity: A Review of Early Clinical Evidence
Bin-Yan Zhong, Godwin Abiola, Clifford R. Weiss
CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology.2018; 41(11): 1639. CrossRef
Incidence of nausea and vomiting after intragastric balloon placement in bariatric patients – A systematic review and meta-analysis
Judy Trang, Seung Su Lee, Assia Miller, Christian X. Cruz Pico, Angelina Postoev, Isaac Ibikunle, Christopher Alade Ibikunle
International Journal of Surgery.2018; 57: 22. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Usefulness of the Forrest Classification to Predict Artificial Ulcer Rebleeding during Second-Look Endoscopy after Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: Duk Su Kim, Yunho Jung, Ho Sung Rhee, Su Jin Lee, Yeong Geol Jo, Jong Hwa Kim, Jae Man Park, Il-Kwun Chung, Young Sin Cho, Tae Hoon Lee, Sang-Heum Park, Sun-Joo Kim; Clin Endosc 2016;49(3):273-281. Published online March 4, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2015.086

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Background
/Aims: Delayed post-endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) bleeding (DPEB) is difficult to predict and there is controversy regarding the usefulness of prophylactic hemostasis during second-look endoscopy. This study evaluated the risk factors related to DPEB, the relationship between clinical outcomes and the Forrest classification, and the results of prophylactic hemostasis during second-look endoscopy.
Methods
Second-look endoscopy was performed on the day after ESD to check for recent hemorrhage or potential bleeding and the presence of artificial ulcers in all patients.
Results
DPEB occurred in 42 of 581 patients (7.2%). Multivariate analysis determined that a specimen size ≥40 mm (odds ratio [OR], 3.03; p=0.003), and a high-risk Forrest classification (Forrest Ib+IIa+IIb; OR, 6.88; p<0.001) were risk factors for DPEB. DPEB was significantly more likely in patients classified with Forrest Ib (OR, 24.35; p<0.001), IIa (OR, 12.91; p<0.001), or IIb (OR, 8.31; p<0.001) ulcers compared with Forrest III ulcers. There was no statistically significant difference between the prophylactic hemostasis and non-hemostasis groups (Forrest Ib, p=0.938; IIa, p=0.438; IIb, p=0.397; IIc, p=0.773) during second-look endoscopy.
Conclusions
The Forrest classification of artificial gastric ulcers during second-look endoscopy seems to be a useful tool for predicting delayed bleeding. However, routine prophylactic hemostasis during second-look endoscopy seemed to not be useful for preventing DPEB.

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Response
Thomas K.L. Lui
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2024; 99(4): 664. CrossRef
Outcome of Gastric Fundus and Pylorus Botulinum Toxin A Injection in Obese Patients Class I–II with Normal Pyloric Orifice Structure: A Retrospective Analysis
Murat Ferhat Ferhatoglu, Abdulcabbar Kartal, Ali Ilker Filiz, Abut Kebudi
Bariatric Surgical Practice and Patient Care.2022; 17(3): 148. CrossRef
Forrest Classification for Bleeding Peptic Ulcer: A New Look at the Old Endoscopic Classification
Hsu-Heng Yen, Ping-Yu Wu, Tung-Lung Wu, Siou-Ping Huang, Yang-Yuan Chen, Mei-Fen Chen, Wen-Chen Lin, Cheng-Lun Tsai, Kang-Ping Lin
Diagnostics.2022; 12(5): 1066. CrossRef
Performance Comparison of the Deep Learning and the Human Endoscopist for Bleeding Peptic Ulcer Disease
Hsu-Heng Yen, Ping-Yu Wu, Pei-Yuan Su, Chia-Wei Yang, Yang-Yuan Chen, Mei-Fen Chen, Wen-Chen Lin, Cheng-Lun Tsai, Kang-Ping Lin
Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering.2021; 41(4): 504. CrossRef
Prevention of bleeding in the early postoperative period after intraluminal stomach resection: results of a prospective randomized study
S.G. Shapovalyants, R.V. Plakhov, M.V. Bordikov, E.V. Gorbachev, I.V. Zhitareva, E.D. Fedorov
Endoskopicheskaya khirurgiya.2020; 26(5): 5. CrossRef
Risk factors for delayed bleeding by onset time after endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric neoplasm
Hyeong Seok Nam, Cheol Woong Choi, Su Jin Kim, Hyung Wook Kim, Dae Hwan Kang, Su Bum Park, Dae Gon Ryu
Scientific Reports.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Effectiveness of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma for the Healing of Ulcers after Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
Eunju Jeong, In kyung Yoo, Ozlem Ozer Cakir, Hee Kyung Kim, Won Hee Kim, Sung Pyo Hong, Joo Young Cho
Clinical Endoscopy.2019; 52(5): 472. CrossRef
Bleeding in patients who underwent scheduled second-look endoscopy 5 days after endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric lesions
Koichi Izumikawa, Masaya Iwamuro, Tomoki Inaba, Shigenao Ishikawa, Kenji Kuwaki, Ichiro Sakakihara, Kumiko Yamamoto, Sakuma Takahashi, Shigetomi Tanaka, Masaki Wato, Hiroyuki Okada
BMC Gastroenterology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Continuous esomeprazole infusion versus bolus administration and second look endoscopy for the prevention of rebleeding in children with a peptic ulcer
Oana Belei, Laura Olariu, Maria Puiu, Cristian Jinca, Cristina Dehelean, Tamara Marcovici, Otilia Marginean
Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Role of second‐look endoscopy and prophylactic hemostasis after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Eun Hye Kim, Se Woo Park, Eunwoo Nam, Chang Soo Eun, Dong Soo Han, Chan Hyuk Park
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2017; 32(4): 756. CrossRef
Second-Look Endoscopy after Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: Can We Obtain Valuable Information?
Hye Kyung Jeon, Gwang Ha Kim
Clinical Endoscopy.2016; 49(3): 212. CrossRef

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Feedback Survey of the Effect, Burden, and Cost of the National Endoscopic Quality Assessment Program during the Past 5 Years in Korea: Yu Kyung Cho, Jeong Seop Moon, Dong Su Han, Yong Chan Lee, Yeol Kim, Bo Young Park, Il-Kwun Chung, Jin-Oh Kim, Jong Pil Im, Jae Myung Cha, Hyun Gun Kim, Sang Kil Lee, Hang Lak Lee, Jae Young Jang, Eun Sun Kim, Yunho Jung, Chang Mo Moon, Ethics and Quality Control Committee of Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy; Clin Endosc 2016;49(6):542-547. Published online March 2, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2015.113

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Background
/Aims: In Korea, the nationwide gastric cancer screening program recommends biennial screening for individuals aged 40 years or older by way of either an upper gastrointestinal series or endoscopy. The national endoscopic quality assessment (QA) program began recommending endoscopy in medical institutions in 2009. We aimed to assess the effect, burden, and cost of the QA program from the viewpoint of medical institutions.
Methods
We surveyed the staff of institutional endoscopic units via e-mail.
Results
Staff members from 67 institutions replied. Most doctors were endoscopic specialists. They responded as to whether the QA program raised awareness for endoscopic quality (93%) or improved endoscopic practice (40%). The percentages of responders who reported improvements in the diagnosis of gastric cancer, the qualifications of endoscopists, the quality of facilities and equipment, endoscopic procedure, and endoscopic reprocessing were 69%, 60%, 66%, 82%, and 75%, respectively. Regarding reprocessing, many staff members reported that they had bought new automated endoscopic preprocessors (3%), used more disinfectants (34%), washed endoscopes longer (28%), reduced the number of endoscopies performed to adhere to reprocessing guidelines (9%), and created their own quality education programs (59%). Many responders said they felt that QA was associated with some degree of burden (48%), especially financial burden caused by purchasing new equipment. Reasonable quality standards (45%) and incentives (38%) were considered important to the success of the QA program.
Conclusions
Endoscopic quality has improved after 5 years of the mandatory endoscopic QA program.

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Monthly endoscopy surveillance culture facilitates detection of breaches in the scope reprocessing procedure: 5‐year experience in an endoscopy center
Shu‐Hui Chen, Theophile Liu, Huei‐Wen Lai, Hui‐Lan Chang, Hsu‐Heng Yen
Advances in Digestive Medicine.2022; 9(2): 103. CrossRef
A nationwide survey on the effectiveness of training on endoscope reprocessing within the national cancer screening program in Korea
Hye Young Shin, Da Hun Jang, Jae Kwan Jun
American Journal of Infection Control.2021; 49(8): 1031. CrossRef
Polyp missing rate and its associated risk factors of referring hospitals for endoscopic resection of advanced colorectal neoplasia
Jae Gyu Shin, Hyung Wook Kim, Su Bum Park, Cheol Woong Choi, Dae Hwan Kang, Su Jin Kim, Hyeong Seok Nam, Dae Gon Ryu
Medicine.2017; 96(19): e6742. CrossRef
Education and Training Guidelines for the Board of the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Hee Seok Moon, Eun Kwang Choi, Ji Hyun Seo, Jeong Seop Moon, Ho June Song, Kyoung Oh Kim, Jong Jin Hyun, Sung Kwan Shin, Beom Jae Lee, Sang Heon Lee
Clinical Endoscopy.2017; 50(4): 345. CrossRef
How to Improve the Quality of Screening Endoscopy in Korea: National Endoscopy Quality Improvement Program
Yu Kyung Cho
Clinical Endoscopy.2016; 49(4): 312. CrossRef
How Can We Propagate the National Endoscopy Quality Improvement Program and Improve the Quality of Endoscopic Screening?
Dong-Hoon Yang
Gut and Liver.2016; 10(5): 657. CrossRef
The Importance of an Endoscopic Quality Assessment Program Reflecting Real Practice
In Kyung Yoo, Yoon Tae Jeen
Clinical Endoscopy.2016; 49(6): 495. CrossRef

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Endoluminal Closure of Colon Perforation with Endoscopic Band Ligation: Technical Feasibility and Safety in an In Vivo Canine Model: Joung-Ho Han, Myounghwan Kim, Tae Hoon Lee, Hyun Kim, Yunho Jung, Seon Mee Park, Heebok Chae, Seijin Youn, Ji Yun Shin, In-Kwang Lee, Tae Soo Lee, Seok Hwa Choi; Clin Endosc 2015;48(6):534-541. Published online November 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2015.48.6.534

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Background
/Aims: Endoscopic band ligation (EBL) is an accepted method in the management of variceal bleeding; however, there is little evidence on the safety and feasibility of EBL for the closure of bowel perforation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the technical feasibility and efficacy of EBL in iatrogenic colon perforation by using a canine model.
Methods
We established an iatrogenic colon perforation model by using seven beagle dogs. Longitudinal 1.5- to 1.7-cm colon perforations were created with a needle knife and an insulated-tip knife, and the perforation was subsequently closed with EBL. During a 2-week follow-up period, the animals were carefully monitored and then euthanized for pathologic examination.
Results
The EBL of iatrogenic colon perforations was successful in all dogs. The mean procedure time for EBL closure with one to three bands was 191.7 seconds, and there were no immediate complications. One animal was euthanized after 3 days because of peritonitis. There were no clinical and laboratory features of sepsis or peritonitis in the remaining six animals. On necropsy, we did not find any fecal peritonitis, pericolonic abscess formation, or transmural dehiscence at the perforation site. Histopathology demonstrated inflamed granulation tissue and scar lesions replaced by fibrosis.
Conclusions
EBL might be a feasible and safe method for the management of iatrogenic colon perforations in an in vivo model.

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Yunho Jung
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Dae Hoon Kim, Hanlim Choi, Ki Bae Kim, Hyo Yung Yun, Joung-Ho Han
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Case Report

Electrohydraulic Lithotripsy of an Impacted Enterolith Causing Acute Afferent Loop Syndrome: Young Sin Cho, Tae Hoon Lee, Soon Oh Hwang, Sunhyo Lee, Yunho Jung, Il-Kwun Chung, Sang-Heum Park, Sun-Joo Kim; Clin Endosc 2014;47(4):367-370. Published online July 28, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2014.47.4.367

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Afferent loop syndrome caused by an impacted enterolith is very rare, and endoscopic removal of the enterolith may be difficult if a stricture is present or the normal anatomy has been altered. Electrohydraulic lithotripsy is commonly used for endoscopic fragmentation of biliary and pancreatic duct stones. A 64-year-old man who had undergone subtotal gastrectomy and gastrojejunostomy presented with acute, severe abdominal pain for a duration of 2 hours. Initially, he was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis because of an elevated amylase level and pain, but was finally diagnosed with acute afferent loop syndrome when an impacted enterolith was identified by computed tomography. We successfully removed the enterolith using direct electrohydraulic lithotripsy conducted using a transparent cap-fitted endoscope without complications. We found that this procedure was therapeutically beneficial.

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Panotpol Termsinsuk, Tanyaporn Chantarojanasiri, Nonthalee Pausawasdi
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Yuga Komaki, Shuji Kanmura, Akihito Tanaka, Mari Nakashima, Fukiko Komaki, Hiromichi Iwaya, Shiho Arima, Fumisato Sasaki, Yuichiro Nasu, Shiroh Tanoue, Shinichi Hashimoto, Akio Ido
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Emilio de León Castorena, Miriam Daniela de León Castorena
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Afferent loop obstruction with obstructive jaundice and ileus due to an enterolith after distal gastrectomy: A case report
Koki Sato, Masataka Banshodani, Masahiro Nishihara, Junko Nambu, Yasuo Kawaguchi, Fumio Shimamoto, Keizo Sugino, Hideki Ohdan
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Hideki Katagiri, Kana Tahara, Kentaro Yoshikawa, Alan Kawarai Lefor, Tadao Kubota, Ken Mizokami
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Special Issue Articles of IDEN 2012

How Do I Overcome Difficulties in Insertion?: Yunho Jung, Suck-Ho Lee; Clin Endosc 2012;45(3):278-281. Published online August 22, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2012.45.3.278

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Demand for colonoscopy is increasing because it is an important tool not only for screening of colorectal neoplasm but also for resection of such lesions in early stage. Cecal intubation requires expertise on shortening of the examination time and improvement of the cecal intubation rate without causing pain to the patients. About 5% to 10% of patients still experience difficulties or failure of the cecal intubation. There are number of factors that affect the difficulty of the colonoscopy such as technical skill of the endoscopist, angulated sigmoid, redundant colon, advanced age, female gender, diverticular disease, and inadequate bowel preparation. In an effort to overcome these situations and to and aiding colonoscope insertion with reducing pain, various methods have introduced. Like this review discusses ways to approach patients with technically difficult colons for achieving the successful cecal intubation.

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