Clinical Endoscopy

Review

Clinical meaning of sarcopenia in patients undergoing endoscopic treatment: Hiroyuki Hisada, Yosuke Tsuji, Hikaru Kuribara, Ryohei Miyata, Kaori Oshio, Satoru Mizutani, Hideki Nakagawa, Rina Cho, Nobuyuki Sakuma, Yuko Miura, Hiroya Mizutani, Daisuke Ohki, Seiichi Yakabi, Yu Takahashi, Yoshiki Sakaguchi, Naomi Kakushima, Nobutake Yamamichi, Mitsuhiro Fujishiro; Clin Endosc 2024;57(4):446-453. Published online March 22, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.193

With increasing global life expectancy, the significance of geriatric assessment parameters has increased. Sarcopenia is a crucial assessment parameter and is defined as the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength. Sarcopenia is widely acknowledged as a risk factor for postoperative complications in diverse advanced malignancies and has a detrimental effect on the long-term prognosis. While most studies have primarily concentrated on the correlation between sarcopenia and advanced cancer, more recent investigations have focused on the relationship between sarcopenia and early-stage cancer. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), which is less invasive than surgical intervention, is extensively employed in the management of early-stage cancer, although it is associated with complications such as bleeding and perforation. In recent years, several reports have revealed the adverse consequences of sarcopenia in patients with early-stage cancer undergoing ESD. This literature review briefly summarizes the recent studies on the association between sarcopenia and ESD.

Citations

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Correlation between sarcopenia and esophageal stenosis following endoscopic submucosal dissection and construction of a postoperative stenosis risk model
Kai-Zhe Yang, Lu Chen, Li Xu, Bin-Xiang Xu, Ming-Yue Li, Zhi Wang, Qin Lu
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of Sarcopenia on Elderly Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Resection: Scoping Review
Hiroyuki Hisada, Hiroki Asano, Yosuke Tsuji, Dai Kubota, Yuko Miura, Hiroya Mizutani, Daisuke Ohki, Chihiro Takeuchi, Seiichi Yakabi, Keiko Niimi, Naomi Kakushima, Nobutake Yamamichi, Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
Digestive Endoscopy.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Long-term Outcomes of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Versus Surgery in Late Older Adult Patients Aged ≥75 Years With Early Gastric Cancer Meeting the Curative Resection Criteria
Seung Han Kim, Seon-Young Park, Young-Il Kim, Chung Hyun Tae, Hyeong Ho Jo, Jeong Hoon Lee, Ayoung Lee, Jae Myung Park, Hwoon-Yong Jung, Dae Hwan Kim, Hong Man Yoon, Hyunsoo Chung
Journal of Gastric Cancer.2026; 26(3): 448. CrossRef
Beyond local injury: Sarcopenia as a systemic host-related determinant of esophageal stenosis after endoscopic submucosal dissection
Wen-Mao Li, Bo Liu, Qing Liu
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Sarcopenia in the era of aging populations: its clinical implications for peptic ulcer bleeding
Hiroyuki Hisada, Yosuke Tsuji, Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
Clinical Endoscopy.2025; 58(3): 401. CrossRef
Clinical Significance of Sarcopenia in Elderly Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Yuanhao Su, Yongke Wu, Cheng Li, Yiyuan Zhao, Yunhao Li, Xing Jin, Zhidong Wang
Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2024; 69(8): 2970. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in Nonagenarian Patients: Is It Really Safe?: Zain A Sobani, Daria Yunina, Anna Abbasi, Kevin Tin, Daniel Simkin, Mary Rojas, Yuriy Tsirlin, Ira Mayer, Rabin Rahmani; Clin Endosc 2018;51(4):375-380. Published online September 18, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2017.123

Abstract PDF

Background
/Aims: Literature on the safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in elderly patients is divided. Based on this we decided to examine the safety of ERCP in nonagenarian patients. Methods: A total of 1,389 patients, with a mean age of 63.94±19.62 years, underwent ERCP during the study period. There were 74 patients aged 90 years or older with a mean age of 92.07±1.8. Logistic regression showed that nonagenarian patients had a significantly increased odds of in-patient mortality (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=9.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]=4, 23; p≤0.001). Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) ≥2 was also an independent predictor of in-patient mortality (AOR=2.4; 95% CI=1.2, 5.2; p=0.021). Age ≥90 was not associated with increased adverse events; however emergency procedures (AOR=2.4; 95% CI=1.5, 4; p<0.001) and CCI ≥2 (AOR=2.6; 95% CI=1.7, 4.0; p<0.001) were more likely to have adverse events. Conclusions: Age ≥90 and CCI ≥2 are independently associated with increased odds of in-patient mortality in patients undergoing ERCP, whereas emergency procedures and CCI ≥2 are associated with an increased adverse event rate. Caution must be exercised when considering ERCP in patients aged ≥90 years and those with a CCI ≥2

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Safety and efficacy of single-stage endoscopic stone removal and the timing of ERCP for acute cholangitis: a multicenter study
Zhi An, Jiawei Chen, Zi Yan, Chaoqun Han, Jun Fang, Qiu Zhao
BMC Gastroenterology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Risk factors for post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography complications in very elderly patients aged 90 years or older—No additional risk
Daisuke Manabe, Toshihiko Arizumi, Hitoshi Aoyagi, Koichiro Abe, Shinya Kodashima, Yoshinari Asaoka, Takatsugu Yamamoto, Atsushi Tanaka
Geriatrics & Gerontology International.2025; 25(1): 54. CrossRef
Safety, efficacy and post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography survival in nonagenarians: a retrospective cohort study
Amirah Etchegaray, Sanjivan Mudaliar, Kimberley Ryan, Karen Hay, Jason Hwang, Benedict Devereaux, Mark Appleyard, Florian Grimpen
Internal Medicine Journal.2025; 55(3): 435. CrossRef
Is endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography safe for centenarians?
Filippo Antonini, Durante Donnarumma, Tiziana Buono
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of frailty on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography outcomes in nonagenarians: A United States national experience
Sanket Dhirubhai Basida, Dushyant Singh Dahiya, Muhammad Nadeem Yousaf, Brinda Basida, Bhanu Siva Mohan Pinnam, Manesh Kumar Gangwani, Hassam Ali, Sahib Singh, Yash R Shah, Daksh Ahluwalia, Mihir Prakash Shah, Saurabh Chandan, Neil R Sharma, Shyam Thakkar
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2024; 16(3): 148. CrossRef
Evaluation of risk factors, primary diagnosis, causes, and outcomes of repeat endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Denis Jevdokimov, Natalija Jevdokimova, Aldis Pukitis
International Journal of Gastrointestinal Intervention.2024; 13(3): 86. CrossRef
Urgent Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Treatment Useful for Acute Cholangitis Caused by Bile Duct Stones in Patients Aged 90 Years and Older
Hideaki Kazumori, Kousuke Fukuda, Koji Onishi, Yasuhiko Ohno
Gerontology.2024; : 1. CrossRef
Racial disparities in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) utilization in the United States: are we getting better?
Dushyant Singh Dahiya, Abhilash Perisetti, Neil Sharma, Sumant Inamdar, Hemant Goyal, Amandeep Singh, Laura Rotundo, Rajat Garg, Chin-I Cheng, Sailaja Pisipati, Mohammad Al-Haddad, Madhusudhan Sanaka
Surgical Endoscopy.2023; 37(1): 421. CrossRef
Endoscopic removal of common bile duct stones in nonagenarians: a tertiary centre experience
Mustafa Jalal, Amaan Khan, Sijjad Ijaz, Mohammed Gariballa, Yasser El-Sherif, Amer Al-Joudeh
Clinical Endoscopy.2023; 56(1): 92. CrossRef
ERCP in patients over 90 years old: Safety and efficacy comparison with a younger cohort
Ana E Colmenero Gargari, Fernando E Melgar Somoza, Jorge Vera, Carlos G Micames
Endoscopy International Open.2023; 11(09): E893. CrossRef
ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS IN OLDER PATIENTS
Júlia Gardenyes, Pere Roura, Helena Vallverdú-Cartie, Judit Hermoso-Bosch, Cl�udia Roca, Mariona Espaulella, Antoni Casals, Héctor Ivo Marani, Joan Saló, Martín Galdín, Marta Gallach, Carles Leal
Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Safety and Efficacy of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in Nonagenarians: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Umair Iqbal, Hafsa Anwar, Muhammad Ali Khan, Simcha Weissman, Shivangi T. Kothari, Truptesh H. Kothari, Bradley D. Confer, Harshit S. Khara
Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2022; 67(4): 1352. CrossRef
Safety of Nonagenarians Receiving Therapeutic ERCP, Single Center Experience
Chia-Chang Chen, Wan-Tzu Lin, Chun-Fang Tung, Shou-Wu Lee, Chi-Sen Chang, Yen-Chun Peng
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 11(17): 5197. CrossRef
Long-term Outcomes of Therapeutic Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography for Choledocholithiasis in Patients ≥90 Years Old: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Shinya Sugimoto, Aiji Hattori, Yuri Maegawa, Haruka Nakamura, Naoko Okuda, Toshifumi Takeuchi, Jun Oyamada, Akira Kamei, Hiroyuki Kawabata, Masatoshi Aoki, Hiroaki Naota
Internal Medicine.2021; 60(13): 1989. CrossRef
Complications of common bile duct stones: A risk factors analysis
Dong Jun Oh, Ji Hyung Nam, Dong Kee Jang, Jun Kyu Lee
Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International.2021; 20(4): 361. CrossRef
Is complete stone removal for choledocholithiasis always necessary in extremely elderly patients?
Naoko Okuda, Shinya Sugimoto, Haruka Nakamura, Hirohisa Hisada, Taishi Temma, Yuki Hashimoto, Satoshi Hayashi, Tatsuya Ito, Mayuko Takami, Jun Oyamada, Akira Kamei
JGH Open.2020; 4(1): 16. CrossRef
The efficacy and safety of one-stage endoscopic treatment for ascending acute cholangitis caused by choledocholithiasis with severe comorbidities
Xiaoping Zhang, Guiqin Li, Liang Pan, Yue Chen, Ruihua Shi, Wei Xu, Kun Zhou, Yajun Cheng, Yadong Feng, Aijun Zhou, Kai Zhao
Surgical Endoscopy.2020; 34(9): 3963. CrossRef
The efficacy and safety of colonoscopy in nonagenarians: A multicenter study
Yoshikazu Inagaki, Naohisa Yoshida, Daisuke Hasegawa, Kyoichi Kassai, Ritsu Yasuda, Ken Inoue, Ryohei Hirose, Osamu Dohi, Takashi Okuda, Yutaka Inada, Kotaro Okuda, Kiyoshi Ogiso, Akira Tomie, Koichi Soga, Takaaki Murakami, Yoshito Itoh
Indian Journal of Gastroenterology.2020; 39(6): 557. CrossRef
Risk factors of adverse events in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for patients aged ≥85 years
Koji Takahashi, Toshio Tsuyuguchi, Harutoshi Sugiyama, Junichiro Kumagai, Masato Nakamura, Yotaro Iino, Ayako Shingyoji, Mutsumi Yamato, Hiroshi Ohyama, Yuko Kusakabe, Shin Yasui, Rintaro Mikata, Naoya Kato
Geriatrics & Gerontology International.2018; 18(7): 1038. CrossRef
Age is Important, but Patient Status is also Important in Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Dong Wook Lee, Ho Gak Kim
Clinical Endoscopy.2018; 51(4): 315. CrossRef

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20 Crossref

Safety of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Tubes in Centenarian Patients: Zain A Sobani, Kevin Tin, Steven Guttmann, Anna A Abbasi, Ira Mayer, Yuriy Tsirlin; Clin Endosc 2018;51(1):56-60. Published online July 21, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2017.059

Abstract PDF

Background
/Aims: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a relatively safe procedure; however, no study has evaluated the safety of PEG tube placement in patients over the age of 100 years.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective review of patient records for patients who underwent PEG tube placement. Thirty patients aged 100 years and older were identified and a random sample of 275 patients was selected for comparison.
Results
The mean age of the patients was 80.6±16.2 years. No procedure-related deaths or major complications were identified; the overall inpatient mortality rate was 7.6%. Minor complications were noted in 4% (n=12) of the patients. Centenarian patients were predominantly female (80% [n=24] vs. 54% [n=147], p=0.006), with a mean age of 100.5±0.9 years. There was no significant difference in procedural success rates (93.3% vs. 97.4%, p=0.222) or inpatient mortality (6.7% [n=2] vs. 7.7% [n=21], p=1.000) between the two groups. However, a higher minor complication rate was noted in the older patients (13.3% [n=4] vs. 2.9% [n=8], p=0.022).
Conclusions
Success rates, major complications and inpatient mortality associated with PEG tubes in patients aged over 100 years are comparable to those observed in relatively younger patients at our center; however minor complication rates are relatively higher. These findings lead us to believe that PEG tubes may be safely attempted in carefully selected patients in this subset of the population.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Palliative Care in the Community and the Relevance of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Placement to Quality of Life and Survival
Júlia Magalhães, Hugo Ribeiro, Inês Rodrigues, Elisabete Costa, João Rocha Neves, José Paulo Andrade, António Bernardes, Marília Dourado
Journal of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease.2025; 2(1): 5. CrossRef
Comparative Analysis of Early Versus Late Feeding Post-percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Tube Placement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Mahesh Gajendran, Eric Smith, Priyadarshini Loganathan, Iqra Kazi, Mohan Babu, Umapathy Chandraprakash
Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2024; 69(11): 4108. CrossRef
In-hospital, 30- and 90-day mortality in elderly trauma patients with operative feeding tubes
Derek R. Marlor, Khaled M. Taghlabi, Anneliese N. Hierl, Maxwell C. Braasch, Robert D. Winfield
The American Journal of Surgery.2023; 225(4): 758. CrossRef
Comparison Between Geriatric and Non-geriatric Patients in the Development of Complications After Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy
Cem Azılı, Harun Karabacak, Şener Balas, Muhammed Apaydın, Selim Tamam, Serdar Çulcu, Ahmet Oğuz Hasdemir
European Journal of Geriatrics and Gerontology.2023; 5(2): 144. CrossRef
Long‐term prognosis of enteral feeding and parenteral nutrition in a population aged 75 years and older: a population‐based cohort study
Yukio Tsugihashi, Manabu Akahane, Yasuhiro Nakanishi, Tomoya Myojin, Shinichiro Kubo, Yuichi Nishioka, Tatsuya Noda, Shuichiro Hayashi, Shiori Furihata, Tsuneyuki Higashino, Tomoaki Imamura
BMC Geriatrics.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Percutaneous Transesophageal Gastro‐Tubing as an Alternative Procedure of Levodopa Administration in Parkinson's Disease
Noriyuki Miyaue, Hayato Yabe, Masahiro Nagai, Masahiro Nomoto
Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2020; 7(6): 730. CrossRef
Analyzing functional status and its correlates in Chinese centenarians: A cross‐sectional study
Zhaoyong Huang, Yuzhu Chen, Weiwen Zhou, Xiaopeng Li, Qiulan Qin, Yunqing Fei, Xinqi Dong, Fang Yu
Nursing & Health Sciences.2020; 22(3): 639. CrossRef
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy for enteral nutrition: a 5-year clinical experience with 324 patients
Ezekiel W. Toh Yoon, Kaori Yoneda, Kazuki Nishihara
Minerva Gastroenterologica e Dietologica.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH EARLY MORTALITY AFTER PERCUTANEOUS ENDOSCOPIC GASTROSTOMY IN PATIENTS AT A TERTIARY CARE CENTER IN BRAZIL: A RETROSPECTIVE SINGLE-CENTER SURVIVAL STUDY
Luiz Eduardo MIRANDA, Marcel Rolland Ciro da PENHA, Ana Clara Galindo MIRANDA, Diego Laurentino LIMA, Matheus Wanderly Fernandes COSTA, Alexandre de Oliveira AMORIM
Arquivos de Gastroenterologia.2019; 56(4): 412. CrossRef
Is Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Acceptable in Centenarian Patients?
Cheol Min Shin, Dong Ho Lee
Clinical Endoscopy.2018; 51(1): 1. CrossRef

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Predictive Factors for Intractability to Endoscopic Hemostasis in the Treatment of Bleeding Gastroduodenal Peptic Ulcers in Japanese Patients: Naotaka Ogasawara, Mari Mizuno, Ryuta Masui, Yoshihiro Kondo, Yoshiharu Yamaguchi, Kenichiro Yanamoto, Hisatsugu Noda, Noriko Okaniwa, Makoto Sasaki, Kunio Kasugai; Clin Endosc 2014;47(2):162-173. Published online March 31, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2014.47.2.162

Abstract PDF

Background/Aims

Despite improvements in endoscopic hemostasis and pharmacological therapies, upper gastrointestinal (UGI) ulcers repeatedly bleed in 10% to 20% of patients, and those without early endoscopic reintervention or definitive surgery might be at a high risk for mortality. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for intractability to initial endoscopic hemostasis.

Methods

We analyzed intractability among 428 patients who underwent emergency endoscopy for bleeding UGI ulcers within 24 hours of arrival at the hospital.

Results

Durable hemostasis was achieved in 354 patients by using initial endoscopic procedures. Sixty-nine patients with Forrest types Ia, Ib, IIa, and IIb at the second-look endoscopy were considered intractable to the initial endoscopic hemostasis. Multivariate analysis indicated that age ≥70 years (odds ratio [OR], 2.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07 to 4.03), shock on admission (OR, 5.26; 95% CI, 2.43 to 11.6), hemoglobin <8.0 mg/dL (OR, 2.80; 95% CI, 1.39 to 5.91), serum albumin <3.3 g/dL (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.07 to 4.89), exposed vessels with a diameter of ≥2 mm on the bottom of ulcers (OR, 4.38; 95% CI, 1.25 to 7.01), and Forrest type Ia and Ib (OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.33 to 3.00) predicted intractable endoscopic hemostasis.

Conclusions

Various factors contribute to intractable endoscopic hemostasis. Careful observation after endoscopic hemostasis is important for patients at a high risk for incomplete hemostasis.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

At admission hemodynamic instability is associated with increased mortality and rebleeding rate in acute gastrointestinal bleeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Edina Tari, Levente Frim, Tünde Stolcz, Brigitta Teutsch, Dániel Sándor Veres, Péter Hegyi, Bálint Erőss
Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Patient and endoscopic characteristics and clinical outcomes in subjects with non-variceal GI bleeding referred for transarterial embolization: a single-center experience
Kripalini Ephraim Joseph, Aron M. Devane, Gary A. Abrams
Abdominal Radiology.2022; 47(11): 3883. CrossRef
Management von gastrointestinalen Blutungen auf der Intensivstation
G. Braun
Der Gastroenterologe.2020; 15(1): 34. CrossRef
Novel upper gastrointestinal monitoring system to track upper gastrointestinal bleeding: A pilot study
Chiao-Hsiung Chuang, Chien-Cheng Chen, Jhong-Han Wu, Ming-Yuan Hong, Jui-Wen Kang, Hsin-Yu Kuo, Chien-Jui Huang, Chiung-Yu Chen
Endoscopy International Open.2020; 08(12): E1811. CrossRef
Validity of the Pre-endoscopic Scoring Systems for the Prediction of the Failure of Endoscopic Hemostasis in Bleeding Gastroduodenal Peptic Ulcers
Chikara Iino, Tadashi Shimoyama, Takasato Igarashi, Tomoyuki Aihara, Kentaro Ishii, Jyuichi Sakamoto, Hiroshi Tono, Shinsaku Fukuda
Internal Medicine.2018; 57(10): 1355. CrossRef
Clip OVESCO (OTSC) : résultats et indications en 2017
D. Heresbach
Acta Endoscopica.2018; 48(1-2): 26. CrossRef
Endoscopic management of refractory gastrointestinal non-variceal bleeding using Histoacryl (N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate) glue
Damien CK Loh, Robert B Wilson
Gastroenterology Report.2016; 4(3): 232. CrossRef
Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta for uncontrolled haemorrahgic shock as an adjunct to haemostatic procedures in the acute care setting
Junya Tsurukiri, Itsurou Akamine, Takao Sato, Masatsugu Sakurai, Eitaro Okumura, Mariko Moriya, Hiroshi Yamanaka, Shoichi Ohta
Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Simple risk factors to predict urgent endoscopy in nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding pre-endoscopically
Jianzong Wang, Duanming Hu, Wen Tang, Chuanyin Hu, Qin Lu, Juan Li, Jianhong Zhu, Liming Xu, Zhenyu Sui, Mingjie Qian, Shaofeng Wang, Guojian Yin
Medicine.2016; 95(26): e3603. CrossRef
First-line endoscopic treatment with over-the-scope clips significantly improves the primary failure and rebleeding rates in high-risk gastrointestinal bleeding: A single-center experience with 100 cases
Hans-Jürgen Richter-Schrag, Torben Glatz, Christine Walker, Andreas Fischer, Robert Thimme
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2016; 22(41): 9162. CrossRef
New and emerging endoscopic haemostasis techniques
Rebecca Palmer, Barbara Braden
Frontline Gastroenterology.2015; 6(2): 147. CrossRef
Risk factors for bleeding evaluated using the Forrest classification in Japanese patients after endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric neoplasm
Hisatsugu Noda, Naotaka Ogasawara, Shinya Izawa, Tomonori Ozeki, Kenichiro Yanamoto, Noriko Okaniwa, Atsushi Tanabe, Makoto Sasaki, Kunio Kasugai
European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2015; 27(9): 1022. CrossRef
Predictive Factors for Endoscopic Hemostasis in Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Il Kwun Chung
Clinical Endoscopy.2014; 47(2): 121. CrossRef

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65 Download
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13 Crossref

The Adequate Induction Dose of Propofol for Conscious Sedation During Esophagogastroduodenoscopy in Persons 60 Years or Older: Hyeung Cheol Moon, M.D., Gun Young Hong, M.D., Du Jin Kim, M.D., Sang Chul Choi, M.D., Sang Wook Park, M.D. and Yeun Keun Lim, M.D.; Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;41(3):134-139. Published online September 30, 2010

Abstract PDF

Background/Aims: Propofol is an effective sedative drug in endoscopic procedures, but it has potentially serious adverse effects, so close monitoring of the vital signs should be performed during endoscopy. This study was undertaken to determine the adequate induction dose of propofol for safe and effective sedation during esophagogastrodudenoscopy (EGD) in persons 60 years or older.

Methods: Three hundred patients who visited our hospital for EGD were randomly assigned to three groups (A,B and C). An initial induction dose of 0.5 mg/kg, 0.75 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg of propofol was allocated to groups A, B and C, respectively.

Results: The 0.5 mg/kg, 0.75 mg/kg and, 1 mg/kg dose of propofol were all safe as an initial dose of propofol for achieving sedation during EGD in persons 60 years or older. There was no difference in the total amount of propofol among the three groups. Group C had a significantly shorter induction time and a lower dose was required for an additional injection of propofol without increasing adverse events, as compared to the two other groups.

Conclusions: We suggest that 1 mg/kg of propofol is an effective induction dose for sedation during EGD in persons 60 years or older. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;40:134-139)

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