Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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Percutaneous cholecystolithotomy and lithotripsy for managing acute calculous cholecystitis in non-surgical candidates: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Arsalan Nadeem, Ali Husnain, Aleena Ahmed, Haider Ashfaq, Hamza Ashraf, Zain Ali Nadeem, Khawaja Abdul Rehman, Shahroze Ahmad, Muhammad Rafay Shahzad Cheema
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Clin Endosc 2025;58(5):684-695. Published online August 27, 2025
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.256
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- Background
/Aims: This study aimed to review and update the evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of percutaneous cholecystolithotomy/lithotripsy (PCCL) for managing acute calculous cholecystitis (ACC) in non-surgical candidates.
Methods
A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Embase was conducted. We included studies focusing on the use of PCCL in patients deemed ineligible for surgery owing to ACC and reporting outcomes such as technical success, stone clearance, recurrence, and length of hospital stay. This review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.
Results
Meta-analysis of 13 studies showed a technical success rate of 97%, with stone and cholecystitis recurrence in 10% and 1% of cases, respectively. The pooled average length of hospital stay was 2.79 days. Complications included retained stones (3%), duct perforations (6%), catheter displacement (5%), bleeding (4%), and bile leakage (5%). A sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of these results.
Conclusions
PCCL demonstrated high efficacy with minimal recurrence and low complication rates in managing ACC in non-surgical candidates. Further randomized controlled trials are necessary to compare its efficacy and safety with standard care approaches, such as cholecystectomy or percutaneous cholecystostomy.
Original Articles
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Potential of 6-mm-diameter fully covered self-expandable metal stents for unresectable malignant distal biliary obstruction: a propensity score-matched study
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Daiki Yamashige, Susumu Hijioka, Yoshikuni Nagashio, Yuta Maruki, Soma Fukuda, Shin Yagi, Kohei Okamoto, Hidenobu Hara, Yuya Hagiwara, Daiki Agarie, Tetsuro Takasaki, Akihiro Ohba, Shunsuke Kondo, Chigusa Morizane, Hideki Ueno, Miyuki Sone, Yutaka Saito, Takuji Okusaka
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Clin Endosc 2025;58(1):121-133. Published online July 29, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.044
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- Background
/Aims: To date, only thinner-diameter metal stents have been evaluated for unresectable malignant distal biliary obstruction (UR-MDBO). This study investigated the outcomes and optimal cohorts for a 6-mm-diameter fully covered self-expandable metal stent (FCSEMS) compared with those for a 10-mm-diameter FCSEMS.
Methods
This single-center retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent initial transpapillary metal stenting for UR-MDBO. Propensity score matching (1:1) analysis was performed.
Results
Of 133/68 patients who underwent 6-mm/10-mm-diameter FCSEMS deployment, 59 in each group were selected. The median time to recurrent biliary obstruction was not significantly different between the groups (p=0.46). In contrast, use of the 6-mm-diameter FCSEMS resulted in a significantly reduced incidence of stent-related adverse events (AEs) (p=0.016), especially cholecystitis (p=0.032), and patients aged <70 years were particularly affected by this significant reduction. Among the patients in the end-stage cohort who were unable to continue chemotherapy after FCSEMS deployment, the free rate of stent-related events, including recurrent biliary obstruction and stent-related AEs, was significantly higher in the 6-mm group (p=0.027).
Conclusions
For UR-MDBO, a 6-mm-diameter FCSEMS can be an optimal and safe option in the younger cohort with a relatively high risk of AEs and in the end-stage cohort requiring safer drainage without interference from stent-related events during times of poor prognosis.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Biliary Drainage During Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer: Evidence and Practical Recommendations
Tadahisa Inoue, Masanao Nakamura, Kiyoaki Ito
Cancers.2026; 18(3): 467. CrossRef - From dogma to individualized care: the potential of 6-mm fully covered self-expandable metal stent in unresectable malignant distal biliary obstruction
Hyung Ku Chon
Clinical Endoscopy.2025; 58(4): 630. CrossRef - Advancements in stent strategies for malignant distal biliary obstruction: defining the clinical role of multi-hole self-expandable metal stents
Sung Yong Han
Clinical Endoscopy.2025; 58(5): 698. CrossRef
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Clinical outcomes of permanent stenting with endoscopic ultrasound gallbladder drainage
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Eisuke Suzuki, Yuji Fujita, Kunihiro Hosono, Yuji Koyama, Seitaro Tsujino, Takuma Teratani, Atsushi Nakajima, Nobuyuki Matsuhashi
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Clin Endosc 2023;56(5):650-657. Published online April 5, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2022.190
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- Background
/Aims: Endoscopic ultrasound gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) is gaining attention as a treatment method for cholecystitis. However, only a few studies have assessed the outcomes of permanent stenting with EUS-GBD. Therefore, we evaluated the clinical outcomes of permanent stenting using EUS-GBD.
Methods
This was a retrospective, single-center cohort study. The criteria for EUS-GBD at our institution are a high risk for surgery, inability to perform surgery owing to poor performance status, and inability to obtain consent for emergency surgery. EUS-GBD was performed using a 7-Fr double-pigtail plastic stent with a dilating device. The primary outcomes were the recurrence-free rate of cholecystitis and the late-stage complication-avoidance rate. Secondary outcomes were technical success, clinical success, and procedural adverse events.
Results
A total of 41 patients were included in the analysis. The median follow-up period was 168 (range, 10–1,238) days. The recurrence-free and late-stage complication-avoidance rates during the follow-up period were 95% (38 cases) and 90% (36 cases), respectively. There were only two cases of cholecystitis recurrence during the study period.
Conclusions
EUS-GBD using double-pigtail plastic stent was safe and effective with few complications, even in the long term, in patients with acute cholecystitis.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Effectiveness of Preoperative Endoscopic Ultrasonography-guided Gallbladder Drainage for Acute Calculous Cholecystitis
Atsuki NAGAO, Naoki KOBAYASHI, Daichi JINGU, Marina JIMBA, Jun SAKUMA, Motomu TANAKA, Masahi MOMIYAMA, Kentaro NAKAJIMA, Yuji KOYAMA, Yuji FUJITA, Tamaki NOIE, Shouichi SATO
Nihon Rinsho Geka Gakkai Zasshi (Journal of Japan Surgical Association).2025; 86(6): 725. CrossRef - Revolutionizing outcomes: endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage using innovative electrocautery enhanced-lumen apposing metal stents for high-risk surgical patients
Hyung Ku Chon, Yun Chae Lee, Tae Hyeon Kim, Seung Ok Lee, Seong-Hun Kim
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Case Report
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Single-pigtail plastic stent made from endoscopic nasobiliary drainage tubes in endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage: a retrospective case series
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Koichi Soga
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Clin Endosc 2024;57(2):263-267. Published online April 4, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2022.213
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- Technical failure of endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) is often attributed to device failure. To rectify this problem, we developed a single-pigtail plastic stent (SPPS) for EUS-GBD. We retrospectively reviewed the cases of four patients who underwent EUS-GBD for acute cholecystitis. To prepare the SPPS, a 7.5-Fr endoscopic nasobiliary drainage tube was cut to an appropriate length. The use of SPPS during EUS-GBD was successful from both technical and clinical standpoints. The SPPS spontaneously detached 57 days after the procedure in patient 4 and 412 days after the procedure in patient 1. Patient 1 developed cholecystitis after 426 days and was managed with antibiotics. The other three patients did not develop any complications after surgery. In conclusion, we designed a new SPPS dedicated to EUS-GBD and established its technical feasibility and clinical effectiveness.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Direct-view endoscopic ultrasound-guided fibrotic hepaticojejunostomy stricture managed with a modified stent tube
Koichi Soga, Mayumi Yamaguchi, Masaru Kuwada, Ryosaku Shirahashi, Ikuhiro Kobori, Masaya Tamano
Endoscopy.2026; 58(S 01): E104. CrossRef - Adjunctive Role of a Modified Single-Pigtail Plastic Stent in Managing Mucin-Related Stent Dysfunction in IPMN
Koichi Soga, Ikuhiro Kobori, Masaya Tamano
ACG Case Reports Journal.2026;[Epub] CrossRef - Predicting unplanned extubation risk in patients with endoscopic nasobiliary drainage
Wen-Jing Li, Na Mi, Xi Huang, Chang-Sha Liu, Shu-Ting Zhang, Yu Liao, Yan Yu
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Endoscopic ultrasound-guided retrieval of a migrated plastic stent from a pelvic abscess
Koichi Soga, Yuto Suzuki, Fuki Hayakawa, Takeshi Fujiwara, Yo Fujimoto, Ikuhiro Kobori, Masaya Tamano
Endoscopy.2024; 56(S 01): E870. CrossRef - Usefulness of inserting a modified single‐pigtail plastic stent into a metallic stent in endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage
Koichi Soga
Endoscopy.2023; 55(S 01): E1081. CrossRef
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Original Articles
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The feasibility of percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder aspiration for acute cholecystitis after self-expandable metallic stent placement for malignant biliary obstruction: a 10-year retrospective analysis in a single center
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Akihisa Ohno, Nao Fujimori, Toyoma Kaku, Masayuki Hijioka, Ken Kawabe, Naohiko Harada, Makoto Nakamuta, Takamasa Oono, Yoshihiro Ogawa
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Clin Endosc 2022;55(6):784-792. Published online October 21, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2021.244
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- Background
/Aims: Patients with acute cholecystitis (AC) after metallic stent (MS) placement for malignant biliary obstruction (MBO) have a high surgical risk. We performed percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder aspiration (PTGBA) as the first treatment for AC. We aimed to identify the risk factors for AC after MS placement and the poor response factors of PTGBA.
Methods
We enrolled 401 patients who underwent MS placement for MBO between April 2011 and March 2020. The incidence of AC was 10.7%. Of these 43 patients, 37 underwent PTGBA as the first treatment. The patients’ responses to PTGBA were divided into good and poor response groups.
Results
There were 20 patients in good response group and 17 patients in poor response group. Risk factors for cholecystitis after MS placement included cystic duct obstruction (p<0.001) and covered MS (p<0.001). Cystic duct obstruction (p=0.003) and uncovered MS (p=0.011) demonstrated significantly poor responses to PTGBA. Cystic duct obstruction is a risk factor for cholecystitis and poor response factor for PTGBA, whereas covered MS is a risk factor for cholecystitis and an uncovered MS is a poor response factor of PTGBA for cholecystitis.
Conclusions
The onset and poor response factors of AC after MS placement were different between covered and uncovered MS. PTGBA can be a viable option for AC after MS placement, especially in patients with covered MS.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography cholecystitis: A review of incidence, risk factors, prevention, and management
Suprabhat Giri, Shivaraj Afzalpurkar, Prasanna Gore, Gaurav Khatana, Saroj Kanta Sahu, Dibya Lochan Praharaj, Bipadabhanjan Mallick, Preetam Nath, Sridhar Sundaram, Manoj Kumar Sahu
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Endeavors to prevent stent malfunction: new insights into the risk factors for recurrent biliary obstruction
Sung-Jo Bang
Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(1): 56. CrossRef - Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Naso-gallbladder Drainage Using a Dedicated Catheter for Acute Cholecystitis After Transpapillary Metal Stent Placement for Malignant Biliary Obstruction
Tadahisa Inoue, Rena Kitano, Mayu Ibusuki, Kazumasa Sakamoto, Satoshi Kimoto, Yuji Kobayashi, Yoshio Sumida, Yukiomi Nakade, Kiyoaki Ito, Masashi Yoneda
Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2023; 68(12): 4449. CrossRef - The writing on the wall: self-expandable stents for endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy?
Hyung Ku Chon, Shayan Irani, Tae Hyeon Kim
Clinical Endoscopy.2023; 56(6): 741. CrossRef - How should a therapeutic strategy be constructed for acute cholecystitis after self-expanding metal stent placement for malignant biliary obstruction?
Mamoru Takenaka, Masatoshi Kudo
Clinical Endoscopy.2022; 55(6): 757. CrossRef
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Endoscopic Transpapillary Gallbladder Drainage for Acute Cholecystitis using Two Gallbladder Stents (Dual Gallbladder Stenting)
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Zain A Sobani, Sergio A. Sánchez-Luna, Tarun Rustagi
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Clin Endosc 2021;54(6):899-902. Published online May 31, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2021.023
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- Background
/Aims: Endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage (ETPGBD) is gaining popularity for the management of acute cholecystitis (AC) in high-risk patients. However, the stents placed during the procedure are not immune to obstruction. Here we describe a novel technique of stenting with two transpapillary stents and evaluate its technical feasibility, safety, and efficacy in AC.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing ETPGBD using dual stents for AC at our institution between November 1, 2017 and August 31, 2020 was conducted. We abstracted patient data to evaluate technical and clinical success, adverse events, and long-term outcomes. Two stents were placed either during the index procedure or during an interval procedure performed 4–6 weeks after the index procedure.
Results
A total of 21 patients underwent ETPGBD with dual stenting (57.14% male, mean age: 62.14±17.21 years). The median interval between the placement of the first and the second stents was 37 days (range: 0–226 days). Technical and clinical success rates were 100%, with a recurrence rate of 4.76% (n=1) and adverse event rate of 9.52% (n=2) during a mean follow-up period of 471.74±345.64 days (median: 341 days, range: 55–1084 days).
Conclusions
ETPGBD with dual gallbladder stenting is a safe and effective technique for long-term gallbladder drainage in non-surgical candidates. Larger controlled studies are needed to validate our findings for the widespread implementation of this technique.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Comprehensive Review of the Management of Patients With Acute Cholecystitis Who Are Ineligible for Surgery
Todd H. Baron, Irving Jorge, Ali Husnain, Petros Constantino Benias, Bradley N. Reames, Ashok Bhanushali, Salvatore Docimo, Matthew Bloom, Riad Salem, Patrick Murphy, Harjit Singh, Shyam Varadarajulu, Ahsun Riaz
Annals of Surgery.2026; 283(1): 72. CrossRef - Approaches to Cholecystitis: Surgical, Endoscopic, and Percutaneous Management
Nicole Cherng, Ikechukwu Achebe, Mason Winkie, Julie Thomann, Eric Then, Neil B. Marya
Journal of Intensive Care Medicine.2025; 40(10): 1033. CrossRef - Endoscopic Transpapillary Gallbladder Drainage With 2 Stents Versus 1 Stent Reduces Reinterventions: A Multicenter Study
James D. Haddad, Natalie Wilson, Vijay S. Are, Shawn L. Shah, Danny Issa, Tarek Sawas, Mohammad Bilal, Thomas Tielleman
Techniques and Innovations in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2025; 27(1): 150899. CrossRef - Endoscopic Gallbladder Drainage EUS LAMS vs. ERCP Trans-papillary Drainage
Maham Hayat, Yasi Xiao, Mustafa A. Arain, Dennis Yang
Current Gastroenterology Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Successful Management of Recurrent Cholecystitis Four Years After Endoscopic Gallbladder Stenting (EGBS) Placement Using Internal and External Fistula Drainage
Takuya Koizumi, Akinori Maruta, Yosuke Ohashi, Takuji Iwashita, Masahito Shimizu
Cureus.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Endoscopic Gallbladder Drainage: A Comprehensive Review on Indications, Techniques, and Future Perspectives
Edoardo Troncone, Rosa Amendola, Alessandro Moscardelli, Elena De Cristofaro, Pasquale De Vico, Omero Alessandro Paoluzi, Giovanni Monteleone, Manuel Perez-Miranda, Giovanna Del Vecchio Blanco
Medicina.2024; 60(4): 633. CrossRef - Interval cholecystectomy following drainage procedures for acute cholecystitis: percutaneous transhepatic vs endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage
Morihiro Katsura, Kazuhide Matsushima, Takashi Kato, Christine Isabella Bent, Tadao Kubota, Tomiaki Kubota, Masafumi Ie
Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.2024; 28(11): 1912. CrossRef - Long-Term Impact of Endoscopic Gallbladder Stenting for Calculous Cholecystitis in Poor Surgical Candidates: A Multi-center Comparative Study
Tadahisa Inoue, Yuta Suzuki, Michihiro Yoshida, Itaru Naitoh, Fumihiro Okumura, Rena Kitano, Kenichi Haneda, Kazuki Hayashi, Masashi Yoneda
Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2023; 68(4): 1529. CrossRef - Intermediate- to long-term outcomes of endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder stenting in patients with gallstone-related disease: a 10-year single-center experience
Wiriyaporn Ridtitid, Natee Faknak, Panida Piyachaturawat, Nicha Teeratorn, Yingluk Sritunyarat, Phonthep Angsuwatcharakon, Parit Mekaroonkamol, Pradermchai Kongkam, Rungsun Rerknimitr
Endoscopy.2023; 55(05): 469. CrossRef - Percutaneous Cystic Duct Interventions and Drain Internalization for Calculous Cholecystitis in Patients Ineligible for Surgery
Courtney Sperry, Asad Malik, Allison Reiland, Bartley Thornburg, Rajesh Keswani, Muhammed Sufyaan Ebrahim Patel, Aziz Aadam, Anthony Yang, Ezra Teitelbaum, Riad Salem, Ahsun Riaz
Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology.2023; 34(4): 669. CrossRef - Tips and tricks for endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage
Jad P. AbiMansour, Ryan J. Law, Andrew C. Storm, Vinay Chandrasekhara
VideoGIE.2023; 8(11): 474. CrossRef - Assessment of Gallbladder Drainage Methods in the Treatment of Acute Cholecystitis: A Literature Review
Dorotea Bozic, Zarko Ardalic, Antonio Mestrovic, Josipa Bilandzic Ivisic, Damir Alicic, Ivan Zaja, Tomislav Ivanovic, Ivona Bozic, Zeljko Puljiz, Andre Bratanic
Medicina.2023; 60(1): 5. CrossRef - Long-Term Outcomes of Endoscopic Gallbladder Drainage for Cholecystitis in Poor Surgical Candidates: An Updated Comprehensive Review
Tadahisa Inoue, Michihiro Yoshida, Yuta Suzuki, Rena Kitano, Fumihiro Okumura, Itaru Naitoh
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2021; 10(21): 4842. CrossRef - Transpapillary Gallbladder Drainage for Acute Cholecystitis: Two Stents or Not Two Stents
Jad AbiMansour, Ryan Law
Clinical Endoscopy.2021; 54(6): 783. CrossRef
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Cholecystitis after Placement of Covered Self-Expandable Metallic Stents in Patients with Distal Malignant Biliary Obstructions
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Masafumi Watanabe, Kosuke Okuwaki, Jun Woo, Mitsuhiro Kida, Hiroshi Imaizumi, Tomohisa Iwai, Hiroshi Yamauchi, Toru Kaneko, Rikiya Hasegawa, Takahiro Kurosu, Naoki Minato, Hiroki Haradome, Wasaburo Koizumi
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Clin Endosc 2021;54(4):589-595. Published online November 17, 2020
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2020.136
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- Background
/Aims: Cholecystitis can occur after the placement of covered self-expandable metallic stents for distal malignant biliary obstructions. We aimed to identify risk factors for cholecystitis following covered self-expandable metallic stent placement.
Methods
We investigated risk factors related to cholecystitis following covered self-expandable metallic stent placement in 118 patients with distal malignant biliary obstructions between January 1, 2015 and April 30, 2019. Endoscopic assessments and tumor invasion to the arteries feeding the gallbladder were determined by a pancreaticobiliary endoscopist and a radiologist, respectively.
Results
The median patient age was 72 years (men, 61.0%). The flow of the contrast agent into the gallbladder and tumor involvement in the orifice of the cystic duct were observed in 35 (29.7%) and 35 (29.7%) patients, respectively. During the observation period (median, 179 days), cholecystitis occurred in 18 (15.3%) patients. Multivariate analysis revealed the flow of the contrast agent into the gallbladder (p=0.023) and tumor involvement in the orifice of the cystic duct (p=0.005) as significant independent risk factors associated with cholecystitis.
Conclusions
The flow of the contrast agent into the gallbladder and tumor involvement in the orifice of the cystic duct are potential independent risk factors for cholecystitis following the placement of covered self-expandable metallic stents. A follow-up prospective study is warranted to validate their influence.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Postprocedural cholecystitis following covered self-expandable metal stent placement in patients with distal malignant biliary obstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Chawin Lopimpisuth, Shyam Vedantam, Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Mahmoud Mahfouz, Jordan Orr, Abid Javed, Shria Kumar, Jodie A. Barkin, Sunil Amin, Sean Bhalla
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2026; 103(2): 220. CrossRef - Multi-Hole Self-Expandable Metallic Stent for Malignant Distal Biliary Obstruction: A Literature Review
Koh Kitagawa, Shohei Asada, Jun-ichi Hanatani, Yuki Motokawa, Yui Osaki, Tomihiro Iwata, Akira Mitoro, Hitoshi Yoshiji
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2026; 15(4): 1410. CrossRef - Incidence of Cholecystitis After Endoscopic Biliary Drainage Using a Low Axial Force Covered Self‐Expandable Metallic Stent in Patients With Malignant Distal Biliary Obstruction: A Multicenter Prospective Study
Naoki Minato, Kosuke Okuwaki, Masafumi Watanabe, Jun Woo, Takaaki Matsumoto, Masayoshi Tadehara, Toru Kaneko, Junro Ishizaki, Tomohisa Iwai, Hiroshi Imaizumi, Mitsuhiro Kida, Hiroki Haradome, Chika Kusano
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2025; 40(2): 502. CrossRef - Risk Factors for Cholecystitis After Self-expandable Metallic Stent Placement for Malignant Distal Biliary Obstruction
Hashem Albunni, Azizullah Beran, Nwal Hadaki, Mark A. Gromski, Mohammad Al-Haddad
Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Fully covered metal stents as a risk factor for acute cholecystitis and cholangitis in patients with biliary stricture: A multicenter retrospective study
T Khoury, A Benson, M Moaad Farraj, M Basheer, M Mahamid, A Nubani, T Greener, N Mubariki, H Awadie, A Lisotti, W Sbeit
Endoscopy.2025; 57(S 02): S127. CrossRef - Interventional Endoscopic Ultrasonography: Advances in Application
Haidar Khan, Sharon Slomovich, Neal C. Shah, Frank Gress
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(10): 3286. CrossRef - Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography cholecystitis: A review of incidence, risk factors, prevention, and management
Suprabhat Giri, Shivaraj Afzalpurkar, Prasanna Gore, Gaurav Khatana, Saroj Kanta Sahu, Dibya Lochan Praharaj, Bipadabhanjan Mallick, Preetam Nath, Sridhar Sundaram, Manoj Kumar Sahu
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Role of Prophylactic Endoscopic Gallbladder Stent Placement for Prevention of Acute Cholecystitis in Patients Receiving Stenting for Malignant Biliary Obstruction: A Meta-Analysis
Zahid Ijaz Tarar, Mustafa Gandhi, Umer Farooq, AhtshamUllah Chaudhry, Gopala K. Konduri, Ahmad Zain, Zohaib Ahmed, Baltej Singh, Nirav Thosani
Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Adverse events of self-expandable metal stent placement for malignant distal biliary obstruction: a large multicenter study
Takashi Tamura, Takuo Yamai, Norimitsu Uza, Tomoaki Yamasaki, Atsuhiro Masuda, Fumimasa Tomooka, Hirotsugu Maruyama, Minoru Shigekawa, Takeshi Ogura, Katsutoshi Kuriyama, Masanori Asada, Hisakazu Matsumoto, Mamoru Takenaka, Koichiro Mandai, Yui Osaki, Ken
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2024; 99(1): 61. CrossRef - Fully covered versus partially covered self-expandable metal stents for palliation of distal malignant biliary obstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Giuseppe Vanella, Chiara Coluccio, Alessandro Cucchetti, Roberto Leone, Giuseppe Dell’Anna, Paolo Giuffrida, Carmela Abbatiello, Cecilia Binda, Carlo Fabbri, Paolo Giorgio Arcidiacono
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2024; 99(3): 314. CrossRef - Endoscopic Ultrasound–Guided vs Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography–Guided Biliary Drainage as Primary Approach to Malignant Distal Biliary Obstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Harishankar Gopakumar, Ritu Raj Singh, Vakya Revanur, Rajanikanth Kandula, Srinivas R. Puli
American Journal of Gastroenterology.2024; 119(8): 1607. CrossRef - Cholecystitis in patients with a fully covered self-expandable metal stent with and without externally anchored plastic stents
José Miguel Jiménez-Gutiérrez, Félix Téllez-Avila
Endoscopy.2024; 56(04): 317. CrossRef - Risk factors and treatment strategies for cholecystitis after metallic stent placement for malignant biliary obstruction: a multicenter retrospective study
Akihiro Matsumi, Hironari Kato, Taiji Ogawa, Toru Ueki, Masaki Wato, Masakuni Fujii, Tatsuya Toyokawa, Ryo Harada, Yuki Ishihara, Masahiro Takatani, Hirofumi Tsugeno, Naoko Yunoki, Takeshi Tomoda, Toshiharu Mitsuhashi, Motoyuki Otsuka
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2024; 100(1): 76. CrossRef - Intrahepatic Rupture of Acute Cholecystitis Complicated by Septic Portal Thrombosis
Mena Louis, Nathaniel Grabill, Baraa Mohamed, Firdous Khan, Joe Williams, Nelson A Royall
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Malignant Obstructive Jaundice ERCP Postoperative Complications Risk Factors
威 刘
Asian Case Reports in Emergency Medicine.2024; 12(04): 153. CrossRef - Covered versus uncovered double bare self-expandable metal stent for palliation of unresectable extrahepatic malignant biliary obstruction: a randomized controlled multicenter trial
Se Woo Park, Kyong Joo Lee, Moon Jae Chung, Jung Hyun Jo, Hee Seung Lee, Jeong Youp Park, Seung Woo Park, Si Young Song, Huapyong Kang, Eui Joo Kim, Yeon Suk Kim, Jae Hee Cho, Seungmin Bang
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2023; 97(1): 132. CrossRef - Risk factors for early and late cholecystitis after covered metal stent placement for distal biliary obstruction
Tatsuya Ishii, Tsuyoshi Hayashi, Hajime Yamazaki, Risa Nakamura, Kosuke Iwano, Ryo Ando, Haruka Toyonaga, Toshifumi Kin, Kuniyuki Takahashi, Akio Katanuma
Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Sciences.2023; 30(10): 1180. CrossRef - Efficacy and complications of inoperable malignant distal biliary obstruction treatment by metallic stents: fully covered or uncovered?
Jiangning Gu, Xiaoyi Guo, Yong Sun, Bin Fan, Haoran Li, Ting Luo, Haifeng Luo, Jiao Liu, Feng Gao, Yuan Gao, Guang Tan, Xiaoming Liu, Zhuo Yang
Gastroenterology Report.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Endoscopic Management of Pancreatobiliary Malignancies
Dong Wook Lee, Eun Young Kim
Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2022; 67(5): 1635. CrossRef
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Reviews
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Practical Approaches for High-Risk Surgical Patients with Acute Cholecystitis: The Percutaneous Approach versus Endoscopic Alternatives
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Rungsun Rerknimitr, Khanh Cong Pham
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Clin Endosc 2020;53(6):678-685. Published online January 9, 2020
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2019.186
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Abstract
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- In high-risk surgical patients with acute cholecystitis who are not candidates for early laparoscopic cholecystectomy, gallbladder (GB) drainage is an alternative treatment option. Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) is a recommended first line intervention because of its high efficacy and feasibility in most centers. However, with the advent of endoscopic accessories and technology, endoscopic GB drainage has been chosen as a more favorable choice by endoscopists. Endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage (ETGBD) can be performed under either fluoroscopic or peroral cholangioscopic guidance via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography by the transpapillary placement of a long double-pigtail stent. In a patient with common bile duct stones, this procedure is accompanied with stone removal. ETGBD is especially useful for acute cholecystitis patients who are contraindicated for PTGBD or those with severe coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, and abnormal anatomy. Moreover, the advantage of ETGBD is its preservation of the external GB structure. Thereby it would not disturb the future cholecystectomy. Recently, endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) using plastic, fully covered metallic, or lumen-apposing metal stents transmurally has emerged as a modality for GB drainage with higher technical and clinical success rates. EUS-GBD can provide a more permanent GB drainage than PTGBD and ETGBD.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Endoscopic management of acute cholecystitis in high‐risk surgical patients: A comprehensive review article
Akinori Maruta, Takuji Iwashita, Kensaku Yoshida, Shogo Shimizu, Masahito Shimizu
DEN Open.2026;[Epub] CrossRef - What postoperative management to offer after gallbladder drainage for acute calculous cholecystitis?
Anaelle Guiraud, Charlotte Maulat, Jason Shourick, Charline Zadro, Emmanuel Cuellar, Nicolas Carrere, Bertrand Suc, Fatima Zohra Mokrane, Paul Boulard, Fabrice Muscari
Journal of Visceral Surgery.2025; 162(4): 255. CrossRef - Quelle prise en charge proposer après la réalisation d’un drainage vésiculaire pour cholécystite aiguë lithiasique ?
Anaelle Guiraud, Charlotte Maulat, Jason Shourick, Charline Zadro, Emmanuel Cuellar, Nicolas Carrere, Bertrand Suc, Fatima-Zohra Mokrane, Paul Boulard, Fabrice Muscari
Journal de Chirurgie Viscérale.2025; 162(4): 271. CrossRef - Acute cholecystitis management in high-risk, critically ill, and unfit-for-surgery patients: the Italian Society of Emergency Surgery and Trauma (SICUT) guidelines
Federico Coccolini, Eugenio Cucinotta, Andrea Mingoli, Mauro Zago, Gaia Altieri, Alan Biloslavo, Roberto Caronna, Ismail Cengeli, Enrico Cicuttin, Roberto Cirocchi, Luigi Cobuccio, Gianluca Costa, Valerio Cozza, Camilla Cremonini, Giovanni Del Vecchio, Gi
Updates in Surgery.2024; 76(2): 331. CrossRef - Bile as a liquid biopsy matrix: potential applications and limitations
Maria Arechederra, Maria Rullán, Daniel Oyón, Matias A. Ávila, Jesús M. Urman, Carmen Berasain
Exploration of Digestive Diseases.2024; : 5. CrossRef - The Success Rate Is Lower but Completion Rate of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Is higher in Endoscopic Transpapillary Gallbladder Drainage than Percutaneous Gallbladder Drainage for Acute Cholecystitis
Toshiro Masuda, Hiroshi Takamori, Ken-ichi Ogata, Katsuhiro Ogawa, Kenji Shimizu, Ryuichi Karashima, Hidetoshi Nitta, Katsutaka Matsumoto, Tetsuya Okino, Hideo Baba
Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques.2024; 34(4): 413. CrossRef - Single-Session Endoscopic Ultrasound–Directed Transgastric Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography and Simultaneous Endoscopic Ultrasound–Guided Transmural Gallbladder Drainage in Choledocholithiasis and Acute Cholecystitis After Unsuccessful Lapar
Azhar Hussain, Vishnu Charan Suresh Kumar, Hafiz Muzaffar Akbar Khan
ACG Case Reports Journal.2024; 11(8): e01469. CrossRef - Endosonografische Drainage der Gallenblase wegen akuter Cholezystitis bei Patienten mit hohem Operationsrisiko
Markus Zachäus, Michael Bartels, Andreas Flade, Andreas Schubert-Hartmann, Regina Lamberts, Alireza Sepehri-Shamloo, Ulrich Paul Halm
Zentralblatt für Chirurgie - Zeitschrift für Allgemeine, Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie.2023; 148(02): 140. CrossRef - Retrospective comparison of clinical outcomes of ultrasound-guided percutaneous cholecystostomy in patients with and without coagulopathy: a single center’s experience
Hayato Yamahata, Minoru Yabuta, Mahbubur Rahman
Japanese Journal of Radiology.2023; 41(9): 1015. CrossRef - Acute cholecystitis: “There’s more than one way to skin a cat”!
Guido Costamagna
Digestive Endoscopy.2022; 34(1): 73. CrossRef - Ultimate outcomes of three modalities for non-surgical gallbladder drainage in acute cholecystitis with or without concomitant common bile duct stones
Wiriyaporn Ridtitid, Thanawat Luangsukrerk, Panida Piyachaturawat, Nicha Teeratorn, Phonthep Angsuwatcharakon, Pradermchai Kongkam, Rungsun Rerknimitr
Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery.2022; 26(1): 104. CrossRef - Endosonography-Guided Versus Percutaneous Gallbladder Drainage Versus Cholecystectomy in Fragile Patients with Acute Cholecystitis—A High-Volume Center Study
Hayato Kurihara, Francesca M. Bunino, Alessandro Fugazza, Enrico Marrano, Giulia Mauri, Martina Ceolin, Ezio Lanza, Matteo Colombo, Antonio Facciorusso, Alessandro Repici, Andrea Anderloni
Medicina.2022; 58(11): 1647. CrossRef - A Case of Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis that was Difficult to Differentiate from Gallbladder Cancer after Long-term Placement of an Endoscopic Transpapillary Gallbladder Drainage Tube
Moeko KATO, Toshiro MASUDA, Takihiro KAMIO, Hiroshi TAKAMORI
Nihon Rinsho Geka Gakkai Zasshi (Journal of Japan Surgical Association).2022; 83(10): 1800. CrossRef - Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Gallbladder Drainage Versus Percutaneous Transhepatic Gallbladder Drainage for Acute Cholecystitis with High Surgical Risk: An Up-to-Date Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Yunxiao Lyu, Ting Li, Bin Wang, Yunxiao Cheng, Liang Chen, Sicong Zhao
Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques.2021; 31(11): 1232. CrossRef - Efficacy and safety of conversion of percutaneous cholecystostomy to endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder stenting in high-risk surgical patients
Hyung Ku Chon, Chan Park, Dong Eun Park, Tae Hyeon Kim
Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International.2021; 20(5): 478. CrossRef - A Case of Iatrogenic Pseudoaneurysm Caused by EGBS and Penetrating the Cystic Duct
Takumi Habu, Akihiro Sako, Kotaro Nishida, Koichi Komatsu, Keiichi Arakawa, Takehito Maruyama, Shigeo Aoki, Hideyuki Mishima, Yuichi Matsui
The Japanese Journal of Gastroenterological Surgery.2021; 54(12): 869. CrossRef - Intraductal Ultrasonography Can Enhance the Success of Endoscopic Transpapillary Gallbladder Drainage in Patients with Acute Cholecystitis
Clement Chun Ho Wu, Christopher Jen Lock Khor
Clinical Endoscopy.2020; 53(2): 114. CrossRef - Clinical Evaluation of a Newly Developed Guidewire for Pancreatobiliary Endoscopy
Shigeto Ishii, Toshio Fujisawa, Hiroyuki Isayama, Shingo Asahara, Shingo Ogiwara, Hironao Okubo, Hisafumi Yamagata, Mako Ushio, Sho Takahashi, Hiroki Okawa, Wataru Yamagata, Yoshihiro Okawa, Akinori Suzuki, Yusuke Takasaki, Kazushige Ochiai, Ko Tomishima,
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2020; 9(12): 4059. CrossRef
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Current Status in the Treatment of Acute Cholecystitis Patients Receiving Antithrombotic Therapy: Is Endoscopic Drainage Feasible?- A Systematic Review
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Ryota Sagami, Kenji Hayasaka, Hidefumi Nishikiori, Hideaki Harada, Yuji Amano
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Clin Endosc 2020;53(2):176-188. Published online January 9, 2020
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2019.177
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Abstract
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- The bleeding complication risk of surgery or percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) may increase in patients with acute cholecystitis receiving antithrombotic therapy (ATT). Endoscopic gallbladder drainage (EGBD) may be recommended for such patients. English articles published between 1991 and 2018 in peer-reviewed journals that discuss cholecystectomy, PTGBD, and EGBD in patients with ATT or coagulopathy were reviewed to assess the safety of the procedures, especially in terms of the bleeding complication. There were 8 studies on cholecystectomy, 3 on PTGBD, and 1 on endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage (ETGBD) in patients receiving ATT. With respect to EGBD, 28 studies on ETGBD (including 1 study already mentioned above) and 26 studies on endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) were also analyzed. The overall bleeding complication rate in patients with ATT who underwent cholecystectomy was significantly higher than that in patients without ATT (6.5% [23/354] vs. 1.2% [26/2,224], p<0.001). However, the bleeding risk of cholecystectomy and PTGBD in patients receiving ATT was controversial. The overall technical success, clinical success, and bleeding complication rates of ETGBD vs. EUS-GBD were 84% vs. 96% (p<0.001), 92% vs. 97% (p<0.001), and 0.65% vs. 2.1% (p=0.005), respectively. One patient treated with ETGBD experienced bleeding complication among 191 patients with bleeding tendency. ETGBD may be an ideal drainage procedure for patients receiving ATT from the viewpoint of bleeding, although EUS-GBD is also efficacious.
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Citations
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- Fármacos antitrombóticos en la endoscopia digestiva. Documento de posicionamiento de la Societat Catalana de Digestologia
Faust Riu Pons, Noèlia Vilalta, Gemma Ibáñez-Sanz, Sergi Quintana-Carbó, Andrea Calvo, Hugo Uchima, Pilar García-Iglesias, Cristina Romero-Mascarell, Ermengol Vallès, Marco Antonio Álvarez
Gastroenterología y Hepatología.2026; 49(2): 502536. CrossRef - Antithrombotics drugs in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Position Statment of the Catalan Society of Gastroenterology
Faust Riu Pons, Noèlia Vilalta, Gemma Ibáñez-Sanz, Sergi Quintana-Carbó, Andrea Calvo, Hugo Uchima, Pilar García-Iglesias, Cristina Romero-Mascarell, Ermengol Vallès, Marco Antonio Álvarez
Gastroenterología y Hepatología (English Edition).2026; 49(2): 502536. CrossRef - Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided gallbladder drainage for acute cholecystitis
Jacquelyn Chi Ying Fok, Anthony Yuen Bun Teoh, Shannon Melissa Chan
Digestive Endoscopy.2025; 37(1): 93. CrossRef - Recurrence rate of cholecystitis after initial gallbladder stenting versus secondary gallbladder stenting: A propensity score matching study
Ryota Nakabayashi, Hideki Kamada, Masahiro Ono, Toshiaki Kono, Naoki Fujita, Hiroki Yamana, Kiyoyuki Kobayashi, Joji Tani, Yasuhisa Ando, Hironobu Suto, Minoru Oshima, Keiichi Okano, Hideki Kobara
DEN Open.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Pseudoaneurysmal rupture with massive bleeding following endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage using an electrocautery-enhanced lumen-apposing metal stent
Kyong Joo Lee, Se Woo Park, Dong Hee Koh
Endoscopy.2025; 57(S 01): E327. CrossRef - How antithrombotic therapy influences the clinical outcomes of emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis
Kei Harada, Yusuke Uemoto, Takahisa Fujikawa
Surgery Today.2025; 55(11): 1734. CrossRef - The i-EUS consensus on EUS-guided gallbladder drainage: A 3-step modified Delphi approach
Antonio Facciorusso, Cecilia Binda, Stefano Francesco Crinò, Andrea Lisotti, Marco Spadaccini, Arnaldo Amato, Lucio Carrozza, Fausto Catena, Lorenzo Cobianchi, Chiara Coluccio, Edoardo Forti, Lorenzo Fuccio, Dario Ligresti, Marcello Fabio Maida, Aurelio M
Endoscopic Ultrasound.2025; 14(3): 106. CrossRef - Acute cholecystitis management in high-risk, critically ill, and unfit-for-surgery patients: the Italian Society of Emergency Surgery and Trauma (SICUT) guidelines
Federico Coccolini, Eugenio Cucinotta, Andrea Mingoli, Mauro Zago, Gaia Altieri, Alan Biloslavo, Roberto Caronna, Ismail Cengeli, Enrico Cicuttin, Roberto Cirocchi, Luigi Cobuccio, Gianluca Costa, Valerio Cozza, Camilla Cremonini, Giovanni Del Vecchio, Gi
Updates in Surgery.2024; 76(2): 331. CrossRef - Elective Cholecystectomy After Endoscopic Gallbladder Stenting for Acute Cholecystitis: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Shinjiro Kobayashi, Kazunari Nakahara, Saori Umezawa, Keisuke Ida, Atsuhito Tsuchihashi, Satoshi Koizumi, Junya Sato, Keisuke Tateishi, Takehito Otsubo
Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques.2024; 34(2): 171. CrossRef - Endosonografische Drainage der Gallenblase wegen akuter Cholezystitis bei Patienten mit hohem Operationsrisiko
Markus Zachäus, Michael Bartels, Andreas Flade, Andreas Schubert-Hartmann, Regina Lamberts, Alireza Sepehri-Shamloo, Ulrich Paul Halm
Zentralblatt für Chirurgie - Zeitschrift für Allgemeine, Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie.2023; 148(02): 140. CrossRef - Postoperative bleeding after percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage and aspiration in patients receiving antithrombotic therapy
Takayuki Iwamoto, Takahiro Suda, Takanori Inoue, Yasutoshi Nozaki, Rui Mizumoto, Yuki Arimoto, Takashi Ohta, Shinjiro Yamaguchi, Yoshiki Ito, Hideki Hagiwara, Rizaldy Taslim Pinzon
PLOS ONE.2023; 18(8): e0288463. CrossRef - Strategy Comparison of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Gallbladder Drainage to Percutaneous Transhepatic Gallbladder Drainage, Following Failed Emergent Endoscopic Transpapillary Gallbladder Drainage
Ryota Sagami, Kazuhiro Mizukami, Takao Sato, Hidefumi Nishikiori, Kazunari Murakami
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(22): 7034. CrossRef - Efficacy of endoscopic gallbladder drainage in patients with acute cholecystitis
Anri Kaneta, Hirotaka Sasada, Takuma Matsumoto, Tsuyoshi Sakai, Shuichi Sato, Takashi Hara
BMC Surgery.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Endoscopic ultrasound in the management of acute cholecystitis
J.L. Teh, Mihai Rimbas, Alberto Larghi, Anthony Yuen Bun Teoh
Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology.2022; 60-61: 101806. CrossRef - Interventional endoscopic ultrasound
Christoph F. Dietrich, Barbara Braden, Christian Jenssen
Current Opinion in Gastroenterology.2021; 37(5): 449. CrossRef - The Bad Gallbladder
Miloš Buhavac, Ali Elsaadi, Sharmila Dissanaike
Surgical Clinics of North America.2021; 101(6): 1053. CrossRef
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Original Articles
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A New Technique of Endoscopic Transpapillary Gallbladder Drainage Combined with Intraductal Ultrasonography for the Treatment of Acute Cholecystitis
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Ryota Sagami, Kenji Hayasaka, Tetsuro Ujihara, Ryotaro Nakahara, Daisuke Murakami, Tomoyuki Iwaki, Satoshi Suehiro, Yasushi Katsuyama, Hideaki Harada, Yuji Amano
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Clin Endosc 2020;53(2):221-229. Published online November 5, 2019
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2019.099
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Abstract
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- Background
/Aims: Endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage (ETGBD) is useful for the treatment of acute cholecystitis; however, the technique is difficult to perform. When intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS) is combined with ETGBD, the orifice of the cystic duct in the common bile duct may be more easily detected in the cannulation procedure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ETGBD with IDUS compared with that of ETGBD alone.
Methods
A total of 100 consecutive patients with acute cholecystitis requiring ETGBD were retrospectively recruited. The first 50 consecutive patients were treated using ETGBD without IDUS, and the next 50 patients were treated using ETGBD with IDUS. Through propensity score matching analysis, we compared the clinical outcomes between the groups. The primary outcome was the technical success rate.
Results
The technical success rate of ETGBD with IDUS was significantly higher than that of ETGBD without IDUS (92.0% vs. 76.0%, p=0.044). There was no significant difference in procedure length between the two groups (74.0 min vs. 66.7 min, p=0.310). The complication rate of ETGBD with IDUS was significantly higher than that of ETGBD without IDUS (6.0% vs. 0%, p<0.001); however, only one case showed an IDUS technique-related complication (pancreatitis).
Conclusions
The assistance of IDUS may be useful in ETGBD.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Endoscopic management of acute cholecystitis in high‐risk surgical patients: A comprehensive review article
Akinori Maruta, Takuji Iwashita, Kensaku Yoshida, Shogo Shimizu, Masahito Shimizu
DEN Open.2026;[Epub] CrossRef - Usefulness of a One‐step Semi‐deployment Flushing and Stenting Technique in Endoscopic Transpapillary Gallbladder Drainage for Acute Cholecystitis (With Video)
Yuki Kawasaki, Jun Ushio, Hisaki Kato, Kazuya Sumi, Yuki Shibata, Norihiro Nomura, Junichi Eguchi, Takayoshi Ito, Haruhiro Inoue
DEN Open.2026;[Epub] CrossRef - The Success Rate Is Lower but Completion Rate of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Is higher in Endoscopic Transpapillary Gallbladder Drainage than Percutaneous Gallbladder Drainage for Acute Cholecystitis
Toshiro Masuda, Hiroshi Takamori, Ken-ichi Ogata, Katsuhiro Ogawa, Kenji Shimizu, Ryuichi Karashima, Hidetoshi Nitta, Katsutaka Matsumoto, Tetsuya Okino, Hideo Baba
Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques.2024; 34(4): 413. CrossRef - The Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography and Endoscopic Ultrasound Connection: Unity Is Strength, or the Endoscopic Ultrasonography Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Concept
Claudio Giovanni De Angelis, Eleonora Dall’Amico, Maria Teresa Staiano, Marcantonio Gesualdo, Mauro Bruno, Silvia Gaia, Marco Sacco, Federica Fimiano, Anna Mauriello, Simone Dibitetto, Chiara Canalis, Rosa Claudia Stasio, Alessandro Caneglias, Federica Me
Diagnostics.2023; 13(20): 3265. CrossRef - Strategy Comparison of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Gallbladder Drainage to Percutaneous Transhepatic Gallbladder Drainage, Following Failed Emergent Endoscopic Transpapillary Gallbladder Drainage
Ryota Sagami, Kazuhiro Mizukami, Takao Sato, Hidefumi Nishikiori, Kazunari Murakami
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(22): 7034. CrossRef - Accuracy of Endoscopic Transpapillary Gallbladder Drainage with Liquid-Based Cytology for Gallbladder Disease
Soichiro Kawahara, Takeshi Tomoda, Hironari Kato, Toru Ueki, Yutaka Akimoto, Ryo Harada, Tomohiro Toji, Hiroyuki Okada
Digestion.2022; 103(2): 116. CrossRef - The anatomy of the cystic duct and its association with cholelithiasis: MR cholangiopancreatographic study
Shallu Garg, Usha Dutta, Sreedhara B. Chaluvashetty, Kimavat Hemanth Kumar, Naveen Kalra, Daisy Sahni, Anjali Aggarwal
Clinical Anatomy.2022; 35(7): 847. CrossRef - Bouncing off the balloon: A new trick for selective cystic duct cannulation
Rishabh Gulati, Tarun Rustagi
Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Sciences.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Endoscopic Transpapillary Gallbladder Drainage for Acute Cholecystitis
Zain A. Sobani, Christina Ling, Tarun Rustagi
Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2021; 66(5): 1425. CrossRef - Akute Cholezystitis bei hohem OP-Risiko: sonografische und endoskopische Therapieoptionen
Manuela Götzberger, Natascha Nüssler, Barbara Braden, Christoph F. Dietrich, Thomas Müller
Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie.2021; 59(09): 983. CrossRef - Editors' Choice of Noteworthy Clinical Endoscopy Publications in the First Decade
Gwang Ha Kim, Kwang An Kwon, Do Hyun Park, Jimin Han
Clinical Endoscopy.2021; 54(5): 633. CrossRef - A case in which repositioning based on intraductal ultrasonography was useful for trans-papillary gallbladder drainage
Teruaki Miyauchi, Kenji Shimura
Progress of Digestive Endoscopy.2021; 99(1): 135. CrossRef - Intraductal Ultrasonography Can Enhance the Success of Endoscopic Transpapillary Gallbladder Drainage in Patients with Acute Cholecystitis
Clement Chun Ho Wu, Christopher Jen Lock Khor
Clinical Endoscopy.2020; 53(2): 114. CrossRef
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Risk Factors for Pancreatitis and Cholecystitis after Endoscopic Biliary Stenting in Patients with Malignant Extrahepatic Bile Duct Obstruction
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Ga Hee Kim, Si Kyong Ryoo, Jae Keun Park, Joo Kyung Park, Kwang Hyuck Lee, Kyu Taek Lee, Jong Kyun Lee
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Clin Endosc 2019;52(6):598-605. Published online May 28, 2019
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2018.177
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Abstract
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- Background
/Aims: For the treatment of malignant biliary obstruction, endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage (ERBD) has been widely accepted as a standard procedure. However, post-ERBD complications can affect the lives of patients. The purpose of this study was to identify the predictive factors for these complications, including the patient’s status, cancer status, and stent type.
Methods
This was a retrospective analysis conducted in a single tertiary hospital from January 2007 to July 2017. The following variables were evaluated: sex, age, body mass index, cancer type, history of pancreatitis, gallbladder stone, previous biliary stenting, precut papillotomy, stent type, contrast injection into the pancreatic duct or gallbladder, cystic duct invasion by the tumor, and occlusion of the cystic duct orifice by a metal stent.
Results
Multivariate analysis showed that contrast injection into the pancreatic duct was a risk factor for pancreatitis. Patients with a history of bile drainage showed a lower risk of pancreatitis. For cholecystitis, the analysis revealed contrast injection into the gallbladder and cystic duct invasion by the tumor as important predictive factors. Metal stents showed a greater risk of post-procedure pancreatitis than plastic stents, but did not affect the incidence of cholecystitis.
Conclusions
Considering that contrast injection is the most important factor for both complications, a careful approach by the physician is essential in preventing the occurrence of any complications. Further, choosing the type of stent is an important factor for patients at a risk of post-procedure pancreatitis.
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Citations
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Chawin Lopimpisuth, Shyam Vedantam, Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Mahmoud Mahfouz, Jordan Orr, Abid Javed, Shria Kumar, Jodie A. Barkin, Sunil Amin, Sean Bhalla
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Woo Hyun Paik, Do Hyun Park
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Tsuyoshi Hamada, Koichiro Yasaka, Yousuke Nakai, Rintaro Fukuda, Ryunosuke Hakuta, Kazunaga Ishigaki, Sachiko Kanai, Kensaku Noguchi, Hiroki Oyama, Tomotaka Saito, Tatsuya Sato, Tatsunori Suzuki, Naminatsu Takahara, Hiroyuki Isayama, Osamu Abe, Mitsuhiro
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Nga T. Nguyen, Hasan A. Khan, Kian Abdul-Baki, Woongsoon Choi, Neel K. Shroff, Zahra Akhtar, Peeyush Bhargava
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Endoscopic Ultrasonography-Guided Gallbladder Drainage as a Treatment Option for Acute Cholecystitis after Metal Stent Placement in Malignant Biliary Strictures
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Fumisato Kozakai, Yoshihide Kanno, Kei Ito, Shinsuke Koshita, Takahisa Ogawa, Hiroaki Kusunose, Kaori Masu, Toshitaka Sakai, Toji Murabayashi, Keisuke Yonamine, Yujiro Kawakami, Yuki Fujii, Kazuaki Miyamoto, Yutaka Noda
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Clin Endosc 2019;52(3):262-268. Published online March 15, 2019
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2018.183
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Abstract
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- Background
/Aims: It is often difficult to manage acute cholecystitis after metal stent (MS) placement in unresectable malignant biliary strictures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of endoscopic ultrasonography-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) for acute cholecystitis.
Methods
The clinical outcomes of 10 patients who underwent EUS-GBD for acute cholecystitis after MS placement between January 2011 and August 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. The procedural outcomes of percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) with tube placement (n=11 cases) and aspiration (PTGBA) (n=27 cases) during the study period were evaluated as a reference.
Results
The technical success and clinical effectiveness rates of EUS-GBD were 90% (9/10) and 89% (8/9), respectively. Severe bile leakage that required surgical treatment occurred in one case. Acute cholecystitis recurred after stent dislocation in 38% (3/8) of the cases. Both PTGBD and PTGBA were technically successful in all cases without severe adverse events and clinically effective in 91% and 63% of the cases, respectively.
Conclusions
EUS-GBD after MS placement was a feasible option for treating acute cholecystitis. However, it was a rescue technique following the established percutaneous intervention in the current setting because of the immature technical methodology, including dedicated devices, which need further development.
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Reviews
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Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Gallbladder Drainage Using a Lumen-Apposing Metal Stent for Acute Cholecystitis: A Systematic Review
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Deepanshu Jain, Bharat Singh Bhandari, Nikhil Agrawal, Shashideep Singhal
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Clin Endosc 2018;51(5):450-462. Published online June 1, 2018
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2018.024
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Abstract
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- Surgery remains the standard treatment for acute cholecystitis except in high-risk candidates where percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PT-GBD), endoscopic transpapillary cystic duct stenting (ET-CDS), and endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) are potential choices. PT-GBD is contraindicated in patients with coagulopathy or ascites and is not preferred by patients owing to aesthetic reasons. ET-CDS is successful only if the cystic duct can be visualized and cannulated. For 189 patients who underwent EUS-GBD via insertion of a lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS), the composite technical success rate was 95.2%, which increased to 96.8% when LAMS was combined with co-axial self-expandable metal stent (SEMS). The composite clinical success rate was 96.7%. We observed a small risk of recurrent cholecystitis (5.1%), gastrointestinal bleeding (2.6%) and stent migration (1.1%). Cautery enhanced LAMS significantly decreases the stent deployment time compared to non-cautery enhanced LAMS. Prophylactic placement of a pigtail stent or SEMS through the LAMS avoids re-interventions, particularly in patients, where it is intended to remain in situ indefinitely. Limited evidence suggests that the efficacy of EUS-GBD via LAMS is comparable to that of PT-GBD with the former showing better results in postoperative pain, length of hospitalization, and need for antibiotics. EUS-GBD via LAMS is a safe and efficacious option when performed by experts.
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Current Status of Endoscopic Gallbladder Drainage
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Joey Ho Yi Chan, Anthony Yuen Bun Teoh
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Clin Endosc 2018;51(2):150-155. Published online November 17, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2017.125
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Abstract
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- The gold standard for treatment of acute cholecystitis is laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, cholecystectomy is often not suitable for surgically unfit patients who are too frail due to various co-morbidities. As such, several less invasive endoscopic treatment modalities have been developed to control sepsis, either as a definitive treatment or as a temporizing modality until the patient is stable enough to undergo cholecystectomy at a later stage. Recent developments in endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) with endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-specific stents having lumen-apposing properties have demonstrated potential as a definitive treatment modality. Furthermore, advanced gallbladder procedures can be performed using the stents as a portal. With similar effectiveness as percutaneous transhepatic cholecystostomy and lower rates of adverse events reported in some studies, EUS-GBD has opened exciting possibilities in becoming the next best alternative in treating acute cholecystitis in surgically unfit patients. The aim of this review article is to provide a summary of the various methods of gallbladder drainage (GBD) with particular focus on EUS-GBD and the many new prospects it allows.
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Case Report
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Conversion of Percutaneous Cholecystostomy to Endoscopic Gallbladder Stenting by Using the Rendezvous Technique
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Kwangwoo Nam, Jun-Ho Choi
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Clin Endosc 2017;50(3):301-304. Published online November 7, 2016
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2016.120
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Abstract
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- We report the successful conversion of percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) to endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder stenting (ETGS) with insertion of an antegrade guidewire into the duodenum. An 84-year-old man presented with severe acute cholecystitis and septic shock. He had significant comorbidities, and emergent PC was successfully performed. Subsequent ETGS was attempted but unsuccessful owing to difficulties with cystic duct cannulation. However, via the PC tract, the guidewire was passed antegradely into the duodenum, and ETGS with a double-pigtail plastic stent was successfully performed with the rendezvous technique. The PC tube was removed, and no recurrence was reported during the 17-month follow-up period. Conversion of PC to ETGS is a viable option in patients with acute cholecystitis who are not candidates for surgery. Antegrade guidewire insertion via the PC tract may increase the success rate of conversion and decrease the risk of procedure-related complications.
Original Article
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Endoscopic Gallbladder Drainage for Acute Cholecystitis
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Jessica Widmer, Paloma Alvarez, Reem Z. Sharaiha, Sonia Gossain, Prashant Kedia, Savreet Sarkaria, Amrita Sethi, Brian G. Turner, Jennifer Millman, Michael Lieberman, Govind Nandakumar, Hiren Umrania, Monica Gaidhane, Michel Kahaleh
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Clin Endosc 2015;48(5):411-420. Published online September 30, 2015
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2015.48.5.411
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Abstract
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- Background/Aims
Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for cholecystitis. However, gallbladder stenting (GBS) has shown promise in debilitated or high-risk patients. Endoscopic transpapillary GBS and endoscopic ultrasound-guided GBS (EUS-GBS) have been proposed as safe and effective modalities for gallbladder drainage.
MethodsData from patients with cholecystitis were prospectively collected from August 2004 to May 2013 from two United States academic university hospitals and analyzed retrospectively. The following treatment algorithm was adopted. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with sphincterotomy and cystic duct stenting was initially attempted. If deemed feasible by the endoscopist, EUS-GBS was then pursued.
ResultsDuring the study period, 139 patients underwent endoscopic gallbladder drainage. Among these, drainage was performed in 94 and 45 cases for benign and malignant indications, respectively. Successful endoscopic gallbladder drainage was defined as decompression of the gallbladder without incidence of cholecystitis, and was achieved with ERCP and cystic duct stenting in 117 of 128 cases (91%). Successful endoscopic gallbladder drainage was also achieved with EUS-guided gallbladder drainage using transmural stent placement in 11 of 11 cases (100%). Complications occurred in 11 cases (8%).
ConclusionsEndoscopic gallbladder drainage techniques are safe and efficacious methods for gallbladder decompression in non-surgical patients with comorbidities.
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Thomas R. McCarty, Kelly E. Hathorn, Ahmad Najdat Bazarbashi, Kunal Jajoo, Marvin Ryou, Christopher C. Thompson
Surgical Endoscopy.2021; 35(9): 4964. CrossRef - Endoscopic treatment of acute cholecystitis: Can transpapillary stent placement silence the LAMS?
Alireza Sedarat, V. Raman Muthusamy
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2021; 94(4): 749. CrossRef - Efficacy and safety of endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage in acute cholecystitis: An updated meta-analysis
David M Jandura, Srinivas R Puli
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2021; 13(8): 345. CrossRef - Long-Term Outcomes of Endoscopic Gallbladder Drainage for Cholecystitis in Poor Surgical Candidates: An Updated Comprehensive Review
Tadahisa Inoue, Michihiro Yoshida, Yuta Suzuki, Rena Kitano, Fumihiro Okumura, Itaru Naitoh
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2021; 10(21): 4842. CrossRef - A New Technique of Endoscopic Transpapillary Gallbladder Drainage Combined with Intraductal Ultrasonography for the Treatment of Acute Cholecystitis
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Clinical Endoscopy.2020; 53(2): 221. CrossRef - Current Status in the Treatment of Acute Cholecystitis Patients Receiving Antithrombotic Therapy: Is Endoscopic Drainage Feasible?- A Systematic Review
Ryota Sagami, Kenji Hayasaka, Hidefumi Nishikiori, Hideaki Harada, Yuji Amano
Clinical Endoscopy.2020; 53(2): 176. CrossRef - Endoscopic transpapillary stenting for the management of acute cholecystitis
Danielle Hayes, Gary Lucas, Andrew Discolo, Bryce French, Sean Wells
Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery.2020; 405(2): 191. CrossRef - Cerrahi için yüksek riskli bir hastada akut kolesistitin endoskopik transpapiller drenajı
Sinem İPOR, Mehmet ÇETİN, Atilla ÖNMEZ, Alper İPOR, Serkan TORUN
Endoskopi Gastrointestinal.2020; 28(2): 67. CrossRef - An unusual complication of pyloric ring obstruction caused by flange of lumen apposing metal stent in endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage
Seung Young Seo, Chang Hun Lee, In Hee Kim, Sang Wook Kim, Seung Ok Lee, Soo Teik Lee, Seong-Hun Kim
Medicine.2020; 99(27): e21017. CrossRef - Endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage for acute cholecystitis is feasible for patients receiving antithrombotic therapy
Ryota Sagami, Kenji Hayasaka, Tetsuro Ujihara, Ryotaro Nakahara, Daisuke Murakami, Tomoyuki Iwaki, Satoshi Suehiro, Yasushi Katsuyama, Hideaki Harada, Hidefumi Nishikiori, Kazunari Murakami, Yuji Amano
Digestive Endoscopy.2020; 32(7): 1092. CrossRef - Successful Cholecystectomy After Endoscopic Ultrasound Gallbladder Drainage Compared With Percutaneous Cholecystostomy, Can it Be Done?
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Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology.2019; 53(3): 231. CrossRef - Classification of the cystic duct patterns and endoscopic transpapillary cannulation of the gallbladder to prevent post-ERCP cholecystitis
Jun Cao, Xiwei Ding, Han Wu, Yonghua Shen, Ruhua Zheng, Chunyan Peng, Lei Wang, Xiaoping Zou
BMC Gastroenterology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef - EUS-guided Versus Percutaneous Gallbladder Drainage
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Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology.2018; 52(1): 79. CrossRef - Risk factors for post-ERCP cholecystitis: a single-center retrospective study
Jun Cao, Chunyan Peng, Xiwei Ding, Yonghua Shen, Han Wu, Ruhua Zheng, Lei Wang, Xiaoping Zou
BMC Gastroenterology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef - Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Gallbladder Drainage Using a Lumen-Apposing Metal Stent for Acute Cholecystitis: A Systematic Review
Deepanshu Jain, Bharat Singh Bhandari, Nikhil Agrawal, Shashideep Singhal
Clinical Endoscopy.2018; 51(5): 450. CrossRef - Endoskopik transpapiller safra kesesi drenajı: Tek merkez deneyimi
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Endoskopi Gastrointestinal.2018; 26(3): 91. CrossRef - Efficacy and safety of endoscopic gallbladder drainage in acute cholecystitis: Is it better than percutaneous gallbladder drainage?
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Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2017; 85(1): 76. CrossRef - Endoscopic ultrasound gallbladder drainage: Patient selection, preparation, and performance
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Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2017; 19(4): 230. CrossRef - Management of acute cholecystitis
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Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases.2016; 29(5): 508. CrossRef - Can percutaneous cholecystostomy be a definitive treatment in the elderly?
Leonardo Solaini, Barbara Paro, Paolo Marcianò, Giacomo V. Pennacchio, Roberto Farfaglia
Surgical Practice.2016; 20(4): 144. CrossRef
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Case Report
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Two Cases of Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis and Gallbladder
Cancer with Hemobilia
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Jong Kyu Kwon, M.D., Dae Jin Kim, M.D., Hyun Uk Ryu, M.D., Soo Hwan Seol, M.D., Byung Sik Hwang, M.D.,
Jong Hun Park, M.D.* and Kyung Rak Son, M.D.†
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2011;42(6):428-432. Published online June 4, 2011
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Abstract
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- Hemobilia is a rare upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding phenomenon usually
caused by trauma but may occur due to various liver and pancreatobiliary diseases.
Causes related to gallbladder disease include vascular disorders, malignancy,
polyps, heterotopic GI mucosa, acalculous inflammation, and most commonly
gallstones. Most cases are treated with a cholecystectomy. If hemobilia is detected,
efforts must be made to exclude malignancy because hemobilia develops from both
benign and malignant disease. Particularly in gallbladder disease with hemobilia,
the possibility of gallbladder carcinoma should be considered. We report two cases
of hemoblia by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and duodenoscopy,
with a review of the literature. The first case was xanthoglanulomatous
cholesystitis and the second case was gallbladder cancer disclosed by cholecystectomy.
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A Case of Acute Cholecystitis with a Perforation Complicating Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
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Seung Hee Ryu, M.D., Myung Hwan Noh, M.D., Ji Sun Han, M.D., Su Mi Woo, M.D., Byung Geun Kim, M.D., Chien Ter Hsing, M.D., So Young Park, M.D. and Joon Mo Kim, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2011;42(3):185-189. Published online March 28, 2011
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Abstract
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- The incidence of acute cholecystitis complicating endoscopic retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is rarely reported at 0.2% but is usually associated with a cystic duct obstruction caused by gallstones, gallbladder polyps, or cancer. However, acute cholecystitis with a gallbladder perforation after ERCP without a history of cystic duct obstruction can develop very rarely and has not yet been reported in Korea. We report a case of acute cholecystitis with gallbladder perforation and aggravation of a pancreatic pseudocyst after diagnostic ERCP in a man with a pancreatic cystic lesion. He has been successfully cured using only percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage and antibiotics with no surgery. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2011;42:185-189)
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A Case of Chronic Acalculous Cholecystitis Presenting as Hemobilia
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Soo Han Kim, M.D.*, Seok Jeong, M.D.*, Don Haeng Lee, M.D.*,‡, Joon Mee Kim, M.D.†, Kye Sook Kwon, M.D.*, Hyung Gil Kim, M.D.*, Yong Woon Shin, M.D.* and Young Soo Kim, M.D.*
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;37(1):71-75. Published online July 30, 2008
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Abstract
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- Hemobilia is defined as the presence of blood in the biliary tract and gastrointestinal lumen, which is caused by a communication between the biliary tract and blood vessels. Most cases of hemobilia originating in the gallbladder are related to gallstones, or rarely related to acalculous cholecystitis. A 48-year-old woman presented to the hospital secondary to epigastric pain and melena, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed hemobilia originating in her gallbladder. After laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed, pathologic examination of the gallbladder revealed chronic acalculous cholecystitis. Hence, we report a case of hemobilia caused by chronic acalculous cholecystitis. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008; 37:71-75)
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A Case of Hemobilia Caused by Calculous Cholecystitis
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Chang Soo Choi, M.D., Geom Seog Seo, M.D., Meyoung Cho, M.D., Tae Hyeon Kim, M.D., Suck Chei Choi, M.D., Ki Jung Yun, M.D.* and Haak Cheoul Kim, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2007;34(3):174-178. Published online March 30, 2007
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Abstract
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- Hemobilia is a status of bleeding into the biliary tract, which is caused by abnormal communication between the intrahepatic blood vessels and biliary tract, and is a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Most cases of the hemobilia originating in the gallbladder are related to gallstones. However, hemobilia is a rare complication of calculous cholecystitis. We report a case of hemobilia as a complication of calculous cholecystitis in a patient given continuous aspirin medication. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2007;34:174178)
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Percutaneous Transhepatic Gallbladder Stenting for Acute Cholecystitis after Palliative Metallic Biliary Stenting
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Hwal Suk Cho, M.D., Sun Mi Lee, M.D., Chan Won Park, M.D., Ji Young Kim, M.D., Do Hoon Kim, M.D., Kee Tae Park, M.D., Tae Oh Kim, M.D., Jeong Heo, M.D., Gwang Ha Kim, M.D., Dae Hwan Kang, M.D., Geun Am Song, M.D. and Mong Cho, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2006;33(5):322-325. Published online November 30, 2006
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Abstract
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- Metallic biliary stenting to relieve a malignant biliary obstruction can cause a cystic duct obstruction and acute cholecystitis. Percutaneous transhepatic cholecystostomy is often performed in patients with a limited life expectancy but can have a significant impact on the quality of life. Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder stenting (PTGS) was performed across the cystic duct via the cholecystostomy tube tract to allow the removal of the cholecystostomy tube. The patient remained asymptomatic for 7 months after PTGS. In conclusion, PTGS across the cystic duct may be considered a treatment option in selected patients who develop acute cholecystitis after palliative metallic biliary stenting. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2006;33: 322325)
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The Roles of Endoscopic Sphincterotomy and Cholecystectomy in Acute Biliary Pancreatitis
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Ji Bong Jeong, M.D.*, Ji Kon Ryu, M.D., Joo Kyung Park, M.D., Won Jae Yoon, M.D., Sang Hyub Lee, M.D., Jin-Hyeok Hwang, M.D.†, Jun Kyu Lee, M.D.‡, Yong-Tae Kim, M.D. and Yong Bum Yoon, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2006;33(3):152-158. Published online September 30, 2006
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Abstract
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- Background
/Aims: Stone removal can prevent recurrence of acute biliary pancreatitis. This study examined the natural course of acute biliary pancreatitis and compared the results obtained using endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) and cholecystectomy. In addition, the incidence and risk factors associated with acute cholecystitis were estimated when a cholecystectomy had not been performed. Methods: The medical records of 113 patients diagnosed with acute biliary pancreatitis in Seoul National University Hospital from January 1990 to April 2005 were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Twenty-five patients received no specific treatment of which 15 (60.0%) experienced a recurrence during a mean follow-up period of 36.0 months. Fifty-two patients received EST only and did not experience a recurrence during a mean follow-up of 29.8 months. Thirty-six patients underwent a cholecystectomy, and 1 (2.8%) patient experienced a second attack during a follow-up of 35.2 months. The clinical factors predictive of pancreatitis recurrence in patients without treatment could not be identified. Acute cholecystitis developed in 7 out of 77 (9.1%) patients who did not receive a cholecystectomy during a mean follow-up period of 33.3 months, and patients with both gallbladdor and common bile duct stones were found to be more prone to a recurrence. Conclusions: Sixty percent of patients with acute biliary pancreatitis without treatment experienced a second attack, which could be prevented by EST. A cholecystectomy is not always necessary as a routine treatment after EST for preventing pancreatitis, and is recommended for patients with both visible gallbladdor and common bile duct stones at the time of the first attack. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2006;33:152158)
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A Case of Hemobilia Caused by Chronic Acalculous Cholecystitis
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Hyun A Oh, M.D., Tae Neyun Kim, M.D., Eun Ju Lee, M.D., Hyung Chul Lee, M.D., Jun Hwan Kim, M.D., Byung Ik Chang, M.D. and Heon Ju Lee, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2005;31(3):198-203. Published online September 30, 2005
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Abstract
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- Hemobilia is a status of bleeding into the biliary tract and occurs when the communication between the biliary tract and blood vessels was injured. Almost all the hemobilia orginated in the gallbladder were related to gallstones and rarely it was reported to be associated with acalculous cholecystitis. A 61-year-old man visited due to continuous right upper quadrant pain and endoscopy revealed oozing blood around the ampulla of Vater. Eighteen days later, laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed and pathologic examination of the resected gallbladder disclosed acalculous cholecystitis and no stone was found. We report a case of hemobilia with acalculous cholecystitis. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2005;31:198203)
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A Case of Hemobilia Caused by Chronic Acalculous Cholecystitis
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Hyun A Oh, M.D., Tae Neyun Kim, M.D., Eun Ju Lee, M.D., Hyung Chul Lee, M.D., Jun Hwan Kim, M.D., Byung Ik Chang, M.D. and Heon Ju Lee, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2005;31(3):198-203. Published online September 30, 2005
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Abstract
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- Hemobilia is a status of bleeding into the biliary tract and occurs when the communication between the biliary tract and blood vessels was injured. Almost all the hemobilia orginated in the gallbladder were related to gallstones and rarely it was reported to be associated with acalculous cholecystitis. A 61-year-old man visited due to continuous right upper quadrant pain and endoscopy revealed oozing blood around the ampulla of Vater. Eighteen days later, laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed and pathologic examination of the resected gallbladder disclosed acalculous cholecystitis and no stone was found. We report a case of hemobilia with acalculous cholecystitis. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2005;31:198203)
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A Case of Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis Complicating Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
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Byeong Kab Yoon, M.D., In Suh Park, M.D.*, Yong Sun Jeon, M.D.†, Jin-Woo Lee, M.D., Seok Jeong, M.D., Jung Il Lee, M.D., Kye Sook Kwon, M.D., Don Haeng Lee, M.D., Pum-Soo Kim, M.D., Hyung Gil Kim, M.D., Yong Woon Shin, M.D. and Young Soo Kim, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2005;31(1):62-67. Published online July 30, 2005
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Abstract
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- Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has gained wide acceptance as a valuable tool for the diagnosis and management of disease of the pancreas and biliary tract. Complications associated with ERCP include bleeding, perforation, pancreatitis, and cholangitis, and the incidence is about 5∼10%. Acute acalculous cholecystitis can be developed rarely after ERCP. It tends to have more complicated course, resulting in higher morbidity and mortality. We report a case of acute acalculous cholecystitis complicating therapeutic ERCP in a 52-year-old man with primary common bile duct stone. He underwent open cholecystectomy because of uncontrolled infection and rapid progression to septic shock. Although acute acalculous cholecystitis is one of rare complications developed after ERCP, it should be considered as one of the differential diagnosis in patients who complain of abdominal pain after ERCP because of high mortality rate and the need for prompt surgical management. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2005;31:6267)
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수술 고위험군 급성 담낭염 환자에서의 경피경간적 담낭경검사의 안전성과 유용성 ( Safety and Usefulness of Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholecystoscopy (PTCCS) in High-Risk Surgical Patients Manifesting Acute Cholecystitis )
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2001;22(1):27-31. Published online November 30, 2000
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Abstract
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- Background
/Aims: The aim of the present study is to identify the diagnostic and therapeutic usefulness of percutaneous transhepatic cholecystoscopic examination (PTCCS) in high-risk surgical patients manifesting acute cholecystitis. Methods: Between January 1992 and June 1998, 33 consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous transhepatic cholecystostomy (PC) and subsequent PTCCS for the management of acute cholecystitis were included. Results: PC and subsequent PTCCS were successfully accomplished in all of 33 patients. During PTCCS, minor complication (2 of minor bleeding during electrohydraulic lithotripsy, 2 of tube dislodgement and 1 of bile leakage to peritoneum) occurred in five patients. PTCCS revealed 26 cases of gallstones, 3 cases of sludge ball, 3 cases of gallbladder carcinoma and 1 case of clonorchiasis related with acute cholecystitis. Three cases of the gallbladder cancers which were not predicted radiologically were incidentally found during PTCCS. For 26 patients with gallstones, PTCCS and concomitant stone removal were successfully carried out in one to four consecutive sessions (mean 2.2 sessions). Gallstones recurred in three (3/22, 14%) patients during the mean follow-up period of 27 months. All of them remain asymptomatic. Conclusions: PTCCS may be justified in the management of acute cholecystitis in selected patients with high surgical risk. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2001;22:27 - 31)
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경피경간 담낭 내시경과 홀뮴 : YAG 레이저로 치료한 급성 결석성 담낭염 1 예
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2001;23(5):420-420. Published online November 30, 2000
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증례 : 담도 췌장 ; 특이한 역행성췌담관 조영술 소견을 보인 황색 육아종성 담낭염 1예 ( Case Reports : Biliary Tract & Pancreas ; Unusual Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiographic Finding in a Case of Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis )
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1998;18(1):122-128. Published online November 30, 1997
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Abstract
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- Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis is a rare form of chronic gallbladder inflammation that is characterized by a severe proliferative fibrosis and has rarely been described in the radiologic literature. Like xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, it is an entirely benign but unusual expression of a reactive process and may be confused with a malignant neoplasm. Histologically, foamy histiocytes, multinucleated giant cells, other inflammatory cells, fibrous reaction with spindle cells, cholesterol cleft and noncaseating granuloma were found. Treatment of this benign inflammatory condition requires cholecystectomy to remove the focus of inflammation, control subsequent infection and relieve symptoms A case of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis mimiking carcinoma of the gallbladder on abdominal USG, abdominal CT, and ERCP examination is presented with brief review of the literature (Korean J Gastrointest Edosc 18: 122-128, 1998)
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증례 : 임신 2기에 시행한 복강경 담낭절제술 ( Case Reports : Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in the Second Trimester of Pregnancy )
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1995;15(2):275-278. Published online November 30, 1994
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Abstract
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- Cholelithiasis and cholecystitis frequently necessitate cholecystectomy. Experience is increasing with laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a technique that avoids much of the morbidity, pain, prolonged hospital day, and recovery complications associated with the traditional approach. And the safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy was confirmed. Besides appendectomy, cholecystectomy is the second most common nonobstetric procedure performed in pregnant women. We have performed one case of a successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the second trimester of pregnancy. Pregnancy was once a contraindication of laparoscopic operation, but no longer.
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담낭-대장누공을 유발한 황색 육아종성 담낭염 1예 ( Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis Complicated with Cholecystocolonic Fistula )
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1993;13(3):587-590. Published online November 30, 1992
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Abstract
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- Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis is an uncommon inflammatory disease of the gall baldder characterised by a focal or diffuse destructive inflammatory process. The pathogenesis is uncertain, but an inflammatory response to extravasated bile due to acute inflammation and obstruction is likely. Macroscopically, the gall bladder wall is invariably thickened, and extensive adhesions to adjacent organs are frequent. Clinically, xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis can mimic gall bladder carcinoma and radiologic differential diagnosis is extremely difficult. Fistula to skin and duodenum was reported. We report the first case of cholecysto-colonic fistula due to xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis.