Review
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Post-polypectomy colorectal bleeding: current strategies and the way forward
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Nilanga Nishad, Mo Hameed Thoufeeq
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Clin Endosc 2025;58(2):191-200. Published online November 27, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.241
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Abstract
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- Post-endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) bleeding, or clinically significant post-EMR bleeding, is influenced by factors such as polyp size, right-sided colonic lesions, laterally spreading tumors, anticoagulant use, and comorbidities like cardiovascular or chronic renal disease. The optimal prophylactic therapy for post-EMR bleeding remains unknown, with no consensus on specific criteria for its application. Moreover, prophylactic measures, including clipping, suturing, and coagulation, have produced mixed results. Selective clipping in high-risk patients is cost-effective, whereas universal clipping is not. Studies and meta-analyses indicate that routine prophylactic clipping does not generally reduce post-polypectomy bleeding but may be beneficial in cases of large proximal lesions. Some studies have revealed that the post-polypectomy bleeding risk after EMR of transverse colonic lesions is lower than that of the ascending colon and caecum, suggesting limited efficacy of clipping in the transverse colon. Cost-effectiveness studies support selective clipping in high-risk groups, and newer static agents such as PuraStat are alternatives; however, their cost-effectiveness is undetermined. Further research is required to establish clear guidelines and refine prophylactic strategies to prevent post-EMR bleeding.
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Citations
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- Prophylactic clipping versus no clipping after endoscopic mucosal resection of large non-pedunculated colon polyps: a cost-effectiveness analysis
Sneh Sonaiya, Raj Patel, Charmy Parikh, Magnus Chun, Amrit Narwan, Karan Yagnik, Pranav Patel, Bradley Confer, Harshit Khara, Babu P. Mohan
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Over-the-Scope Clip vs Standard Endoscopic Therapy as First-Line Intervention for Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Sneh Sonaiya, Sahib Singh, Tooba Laeeq, Vaishnavi Modi, Magnus Chun, Pranav Patel, Vignan Manne, Babu P. Mohan
Techniques and Innovations in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2025; 27(4): 250935. CrossRef - Cold snare polypectomy versus hot snare polypectomy for small pedunculated polyps: a cost-effectiveness analysis
Sneh Sonaiya, Raj Patel, Dushyant Singh Dahiya, Shahryar Khan, Charmy Parikh, Mark Stasiewicz, Pranav D. Patel, Kyaw Min Tun, Bradley Confer, Harshit S. Khara, Sumant Inamdar, Vignan Manne, Babu P. Mohan, Douglas G. Adler
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Cold Versus Hot Endoscopic Mucosal Resection for ≥15 mm Large Nonpedunculated Colorectal Polyps
Sneh Sonaiya, Dushyant S. Dahiya, Raj Patel, Shahryar Khan, Charmy Parikh, Karan Yagnik, Chun-Han Lo, Kyaw Min Tun, Pranav D. Patel, Bradley Confer, Harshit S. Khara, Sumant Inamdar, Babu P. Mohan
Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Original Article
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Application of a traction metal clip with a fishhook-like device in wound sutures after endoscopic resection
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Wang Fangjun, Leng Xia, Gao Yi, Shen Xiuyun, Wang Wenping, Liu Huamin, Liu Pengfei
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Clin Endosc 2022;55(4):525-531. Published online July 28, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2021.241
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Abstract
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Supplementary Material
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- Background
/Aims: Endoscopic wound suturing is an important factor that affects the ability to remove large and full-thickness lesions during endoscopic resection. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a traction metal clip with a fishhook-like device on wound sutures after endoscopic resection.
Methods
From July 2020 to April 2021, patients who met the enrollment criteria were treated with a fishhook-like device during the operation to suture the postoperative wound (group A). Patients with similar conditions and similar size wounds who were treated with a “purse-string suture” to suture the wounds were retrospectively analyzed as the control group (group B). Difference in the suture rate, adverse events, time required for suturing, and number of metal clips were compared between the two groups.
Results
The time required for suturing was 7.72±0.51 minutes in group A and 11.50±0.91 minutes in group B. This difference was statistically significant (F=13.071, p=0.001). The number of metal clamps used in group A averaged 8.1 pieces/case, and the number of metal clamps used in group B averaged 7.3 pieces/case. This difference was not statistically significant (F=0.971, p>0.05).
Conclusions
The traction metal clip with the fishhook-like device is ingeniously designed and easy to operate. It has a good suture effect on the wound after endoscopic submucosal dissection and effectively prevents postoperative adverse events.
Review
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Endoscopic clipping in non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding treatment
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Giuseppe Galloro, Angelo Zullo, Gaetano Luglio, Alessia Chini, Donato Alessandro Telesca, Rosa Maione, Matteo Pollastro, Giovanni Domenico De Palma, Raffaele Manta
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Clin Endosc 2022;55(3):339-346. Published online April 28, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2021.249
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Abstract
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- Since the earliest reports, advanced clipping systems have been developed, and it is possible to choose among many models with different structural and technical features. The main drawback of through-the-scope clips is their small size, which allows the compression of limited amounts of tissue needed for large-size vessel treatment. Therefore, the over-the-scope clip system was realized, allowing a larger and stronger mechanical compression of large tissue areas, with excellent results in achieving a definitive hemostasis in difficult cases. Many studies have analyzed the indications and efficacy of two-pronged endoclips and have shown good results for initial and permanent hemostasis. The aim of this review was to provide updated information on indications, positioning techniques, and results of clip application for endoscopic treatment of upper gastrointestinal non-variceal bleeding lesions.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

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Lizeth Cifuentes, Harkirat Singh, Sultan Mahmood
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America.2026;[Epub] CrossRef - Narrative Review of Management Strategies and Risk Mitigation for Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Receiving Warfarin
Abbas Sarvari Soltani, Ali Ebrahimi Nasab, Mehdi Hassani Ahangar, Mahan Khani, Sina Hemmati Bi'aragh, Kimia Rasouli, Reza Afsahi, Ramtin Pourahmad
Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis.2026;[Epub] CrossRef - Evaluating the efficacy of a novel hemostatic powder compared with traditional treatments in nonvariceal upper GI bleeding: a multicenter, randomized, noninferiority study
Da Hyun Jung, Jun Chul Park, Joon Sung Kim, Moon Won Lee, Hyuk Lee, Gwang Ha Kim
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2025; 101(4): 792. CrossRef - Endoscopic management of upper non-variceal and lower gastrointestinal bleeding: Where do we stand?
Grigorios Christodoulidis, Kyriaki Tsagkidou, Dimitra Bartzi, Ioana Alexandra Prisacariu, Eirini Sara Agko
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Endoscopic Closure Techniques for Perforations, Leaks, and Fistulae: Review Article
José Damasceno e Costa, Rita Seara Costa, Joana Neves, Patrícia Conde, Andreia Guimarães, Aníbal Ferreira
GE - Portuguese Journal of Gastroenterology.2025; : 1. CrossRef - Adverse Events of Endoscopic Clip Placement
Daryl Ramai, Smit S. Deliwala, Daniel Mozell, Antonio Facciorusso, Saurabh Chandan, Alana Persaud, Kelita Singh, Andrea Anderloni, Monique T. Barakat
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Gut.2024; 73(1): 206. CrossRef - Could a bleeding-sensor device be established as a new paradigm for detecting upper gastrointestinal bleeding before performing endoscopy?
Sun Gyo Lim
Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(2): 191. CrossRef - Usage of Padlock Over-the-Scope-Clip in Difficult-to-Control Recurrent Gastrointestinal Bleeding Due to a Gastric Dieulafoy Lesion
John Joyce, Vishnu Kumar, Dayana Nasr, Ganesh Aswath, Hafiz M. Khan, Savio John
Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Comparison of mechanical and thermal therapy in upper gastrointestinal bleeding: an analysis of efficacy outcomes
Rahul Karna, Bandhul Hans, Thayer Nasereddin, Dhruv Chaudhary, Manish Dhawan
Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings.2024; 37(5): 734. CrossRef - Turn over the new leaf of the treatment in peptic ulcer bleeding: a review of the literature
Meng-Hsuan Lu, Hsueh-Chien Chiang
Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Current status and clinical outcome of endoscopic hemostatic powder in gastrointestinal bleeding: a retrospective multicenter study
Zie Hae Lim, Seung In Seo, Dae-Seong Myung, Seung Han Kim, Han Hee Lee, Selen Kim, Bo-In Lee
Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(5): 620. CrossRef - Sustained Hemostasis With the Padlock™ Over-the-scope Clip for Gastric Fundus Dieulafoy’s Lesion in the Setting of Anticoagulation Following Hemorrhagic Shock From Two Dieulafoy’s Lesions
Jonathan J Cho, Chelsea M Forbes, Benjamin D Fiore, Joshua D McCarron, Leybelis Padilla
Military Medicine.2023; 188(9-10): e3265. CrossRef - Management of complications related to colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection
Tae-Geun Gweon, Dong-Hoon Yang
Clinical Endoscopy.2023; 56(4): 423. CrossRef - Novel removable endoscopic clip: Usefulness in failure of traction method during endoscopic submucosal dissection
Nobukazu Agatsuma, Takahiro Utsumi, Hirokazu Higuchi, Takahiro Inoue, Yukari Tanaka, Yuki Nakanishi, Hiroshi Seno
Endoscopy.2023; 55(S 01): E1031. CrossRef
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Focused Review Series: Endoscopic Management of Postoperative Gastrointestinal Complication: What’s New?
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Over-the-Scope Clip in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Leaks and Perforations
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Mike T. Wei, Ji Yong Ahn, Shai Friedland
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Clin Endosc 2021;54(6):798-804. Published online November 30, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2021.250
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Abstract
PDF
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- While perforations, postoperative fistulas, and leaks have traditionally led to surgical or interventional radiology consultation for management, the introduction of the over-the-scope clip has allowed increased therapeutic possibilities for endoscopists. While primarily limited to case reports and series, the over-the-scope clip successfully manages gastrointestinal bleeding, perforations, as well as postoperative leaks and fistulas. Retrospective studies have demonstrated a relatively high success rate and a low complication rate. Given the similarity to variceal banding equipment, the learning curve with the over-the-scope clip is rapid. However, given the higher risk of procedures involving the use of the over-the-scope clip, it is essential to obtain the scope in a stable position and grasp sufficient tissue with the cap using a grasping tool and/or suction. From our experience, while closure may be successful in lesions sized up to 3 cm, successful outcomes are obtained for lesions sized <1 cm. Ultimately, given the limited available data, prospective randomized trials are needed to better evaluate the utility of the over-the-scope clip in various clinical scenarios, including fistula and perforation management.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Advancements in Endoscopic Closure
Lizeth Cifuentes, Harkirat Singh, Sultan Mahmood
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America.2026;[Epub] CrossRef - Over-the-scope clip for postsurgical anastomotic dehiscence and bleeding
Eduardo Rodríguez-Hernández, Masayoshi Yamada, Takayuki Yamazaki, Shunsuke Tsukamoto, Yutaka Saito
VideoGIE.2025; 10(1): 57. CrossRef - Treatment of duodenal fistula with combined endoscopic therapy: modified endoscopic vacuum, endoscopic internal drainage, and the over-the-scope clip
Gustavo de Carvalho Bertaccini Guriam, Thiago de Castro Mendonça Furtado, Rodrigo Chini, Eduardo Garcia Pacheco, Luiza Ochi Delmonaco, Gustavo Murad Pinton, José Antônio Mansur Mendes, Valeria da Costa Santos
VideoGIE.2025; 10(6): 314. CrossRef - Tack-only fixation of lumen-apposing metal stents: leave the suture at home
Yara Salameh, Hadi K. Abou Zeid, Kamal Abi Mosleh, Andrew C. Storm
VideoGIE.2025; 10(10): 524. CrossRef - Detachable over-the-scope clip for colon defects in the trans intestinal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic cholecystolithotomy: A case report
Pei Li, Rong-Rong Ding, Jiang Liu, Ming-Qing Zhang, Yan Liu
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Polyglycolic acid-cyanoacrylate complex for prevention of major intestinal anastomotic leakage in a rat model: an experimental animal study
Chinock Cheong, Hyun Myung Doo, YeonUk Ju, Jun-Woo Bong, Sang-Hee Kang, Sun-Il Lee, Byung Wook Min, You-Jin Jang, Won Jun Seo, Jong-Han Kim
Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2025; 109(5): 335. CrossRef - A Multicenter Survey of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy in 2019 at Korean Medical Institutions
Jun Woo Park, Tae Gyun Kim, Kwang Bum Cho, Jeong Seok Kim, Jin Woong Cho, Jung Won Jeon, Sun Gyo Lim, Chan Gyoo Kim, Hong Jun Park, Tae Jun Kim, Eun Sun Kim, Su Jin Jeong, Yong Hwan Kwon
Gut and Liver.2024; 18(1): 77. CrossRef - Clinical Practice Guideline for Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy
Chung Hyun Tae, Ju Yup Lee, Moon Kyung Joo, Chan Hyuk Park, Eun Jeong Gong, Cheol Min Shin, Hyun Lim, Hyuk Soon Choi, Miyoung Choi, Sang Hoon Kim, Chul-Hyun Lim, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Ki-Nam Shim, Geun Am Song, Moon Sung Lee, Jong-Jae Park, Oh Young Lee
Gut and Liver.2024; 18(1): 10. CrossRef - Metabolic and bariatric surgery: an update from 2010
Bao-Ngoc Nasri, Robert B. Lim, James Ellsmere, Alisha R. Fernandes, Daniel B. Jones
Current Problems in Surgery.2024; 61(11): 101549. CrossRef - Turn over the new leaf of the treatment in peptic ulcer bleeding: a review of the literature
Meng-Hsuan Lu, Hsueh-Chien Chiang
Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Cierre de fistula esófago-yeyunal post operatoria con clips endoscópicos de titanio y over-the-scope clip: reporte de caso
Lázaro Arango Molano, Andrés Sánchez Gil, Gian Núñez Rojas, Herney Solarte Pineda, Santiago Salazar Ochoa
Revista de Gastroenterología del Perú.2024; 44(4): 406. CrossRef - Use of anchor pronged clips to close complex polyp resection defects
Mike Tzuhen Wei, Shai Friedland
VideoGIE.2023; 8(6): 245. CrossRef - Novel endoscopic management of gastroenterological anastomosis leakage by injecting gel-forming solutions: an experimental animal study
Yusuke Watanabe, Keiko Yamamoto, Zijian Yang, Haruna Tsuchibora, Masakazu Fujii, Masayoshi Ono, Shoko Ono, Takayuki Kurokawa, Naoya Sakamoto
Surgical Endoscopy.2023; 37(10): 8029. CrossRef - Clinical practice guidelines for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
Chung Hyun Tae, Ju Yup Lee, Moon Kyung Joo, Chan Hyuk Park, Eun Jeong Gong, Cheol Min Shin, Hyun Lim, Hyuk Soon Choi, Miyoung Choi, Sang Hoon Kim, Chul-Hyun Lim, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Ki-Nam Shim, Geun Am Song, Moon Sung Lee, Jong-Jae Park, Oh Young Lee
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Tae-Geun Gweon, Dong-Hoon Yang
Clinical Endoscopy.2023; 56(4): 423. CrossRef - Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Obesity: Bariatric Surgery as Both the Cause and the Cure in the Morbidly Obese Population
Muaaz Masood, Donald Low, Shanley B. Deal, Richard A. Kozarek
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(17): 5543. CrossRef - Clinical Practice Guideline for Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy
Chung Hyun Tae, Ju Yup Lee, Moon Kyung Joo, Chan Hyuk Park, Eun Jeong Gong, Cheol Min Shin, Hyun Lim, Hyuk Soon Choi, Miyoung Choi, Sang Hoon Kim, Chul-Hyun Lim, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Ki-Nam Shim, Geun Am Song, Moon Sung Lee, Jong-Jae Park, Oh Young Lee
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 82(3): 107. CrossRef - Endoscopic Management of Esophageal Cancer
Christopher Paiji, Alireza Sedarat
Cancers.2022; 14(15): 3583. CrossRef - Use of a novel dual-action clip for closure of complex endoscopic resection defects
Mike Tzuhen Wei, Shai Friedland
VideoGIE.2022; 7(11): 389. CrossRef
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7,867
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Case Report
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Endoscopic hemostasis using an over-the-scope clip for massive bleeding after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy removal: a case report
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Sun Young Moon, Min Kyu Jung, Jun Heo
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Clin Endosc 2022;55(3):443-446. Published online May 25, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2020.294
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Abstract
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- Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a common method for providing long-term enteral nutrition to patients. PEG tube placement and removal are relatively safe; generally, a PEG tube can be removed using gentle traction, and excessive bleeding is rare. The over-the-scope clip system is a new device that can be used for gastrointestinal hemostasis and for closing gastrointestinal fistulae. In the present case, a 68-year-old male patient had to remove the PEG tube because of persistent leakage around the PEG tube. Although it was gently removed using traction, incessant bleeding continued, with a Rockall score of 5 points, even after hemocoagulation was attempted. An over-the-scope clip device was used to achieve hemostasis and fistula closure.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Life-Threatening Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding following Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Tube Removal under Traction: A Case Report
Christopher J. Shephard, Xiaomin Ma, Rozemary Karamatic
Case Reports in Gastroenterology.2025; 20(1): 16. CrossRef - Clinical Practice Guideline for Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy
Chung Hyun Tae, Ju Yup Lee, Moon Kyung Joo, Chan Hyuk Park, Eun Jeong Gong, Cheol Min Shin, Hyun Lim, Hyuk Soon Choi, Miyoung Choi, Sang Hoon Kim, Chul-Hyun Lim, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Ki-Nam Shim, Geun Am Song, Moon Sung Lee, Jong-Jae Park, Oh Young Lee
Gut and Liver.2024; 18(1): 10. CrossRef - Clinical practice guidelines for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
Chung Hyun Tae, Ju Yup Lee, Moon Kyung Joo, Chan Hyuk Park, Eun Jeong Gong, Cheol Min Shin, Hyun Lim, Hyuk Soon Choi, Miyoung Choi, Sang Hoon Kim, Chul-Hyun Lim, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Ki-Nam Shim, Geun Am Song, Moon Sung Lee, Jong-Jae Park, Oh Young Lee
Clinical Endoscopy.2023; 56(4): 391. CrossRef - Clinical Practice Guideline for Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy
Chung Hyun Tae, Ju Yup Lee, Moon Kyung Joo, Chan Hyuk Park, Eun Jeong Gong, Cheol Min Shin, Hyun Lim, Hyuk Soon Choi, Miyoung Choi, Sang Hoon Kim, Chul-Hyun Lim, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Ki-Nam Shim, Geun Am Song, Moon Sung Lee, Jong-Jae Park, Oh Young Lee
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 82(3): 107. CrossRef
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Original Articles
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The Use of Endoscopic Clipping in Preventing Delayed Complications after Endoscopic Resection for Superficial Non-Ampullary Duodenal Tumors
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Jee Young An, Byung-Wook Kim, Joon Sung Kim, Jae-Myung Park, Tae Ho Kim, Jaesin Lee
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Clin Endosc 2021;54(4):563-569. Published online November 24, 2020
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2020.109
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Abstract
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- Background
/Aims: Endoscopic resection (ER) has recently been accepted as the standard treatment modality for superficial nonampullary duodenal tumors (SNADTs). However, the procedure can cause adverse events such as perforation and bleeding. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of prophylactic clipping in the prevention of delayed complications.
Methods
A retrospective review of the medical records of patients who underwent ER for SNADT from 3 centers was performed. Patients were divided into 2 groups: the immediate clipping group (ICG) and the no clipping group (NCG). Various baseline characteristics and factors associated with the appearance of delayed complications, such as size of the lesion, tumor location, histologic type, and co-morbidities, were compared between the two groups.
Results
A total of 99 lesions from 99 patients were included in this study. Fifty-two patients were allocated into ICG and 47 patients were allocated into NCG. Delayed bleeding occurred in 1 patient from ICG and in 8 patients from NCG. Delayed perforation occurred in 1 patient from ICG and in 3 patients from NCG. There were no procedure-related deaths in both groups.
Conclusions
Although the use of endoscopic clipping seemed to reduce the risk of developing delayed complications, further studies using a prospective design is required.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Endoscopic Resection for Superficial Non-Ampullary Duodenal Epithelial Tumors
Hye Kyung Jeon, Gwang Ha Kim
Gut and Liver.2025; 19(1): 19. CrossRef - Prophylactic clipping prevents delayed bleeding after endoscopic mucosal resection of large non-ampullary duodenal lateral spreading lesions
Gijs Kemper, Christian Gerges, Anton Jonkers, Torsten Beyna, Peter Siersema
Endoscopy International Open.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - The Effect of Tegoprazan on the Treatment of Endoscopic Resection-Induced Artificial Ulcers: A Multicenter, Randomized, Active-Controlled Study
Byung-Wook Kim, Jong Jae Park, Hee Seok Moon, Wan Sik Lee, Ki-Nam Shim, Gwang Ho Baik, Yun Jeong Lim, Hang Lak Lee, Young Hoon Youn, Jun Chul Park, In-Kyung Sung, Hyunsoo Chung, Jeong Seop Moon, Gwang Ha Kim, Su Jin Hong, Hyuk Soon Choi
Gut and Liver.2024; 18(2): 257. CrossRef - Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors: A review
Zheng Zhao, Yue Jiao, Shuyue Yang, Anni Zhou, Guiping Zhao, Shuilong Guo, Peng Li, Shutian Zhang
Journal of Translational Internal Medicine.2023; 11(3): 206. CrossRef - Long-term outcomes of endoscopic resection for duodenal neuroendocrine tumors
Kiyoun Yi, Gwang Ha Kim, Su Jin Kim, Cheol Woong Choi, Moon Won Lee, Bong Eun Lee, Geun Am Song
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Endoscopic clipping in non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding treatment
Giuseppe Galloro, Angelo Zullo, Gaetano Luglio, Alessia Chini, Donato Alessandro Telesca, Rosa Maione, Matteo Pollastro, Giovanni Domenico De Palma, Raffaele Manta
Clinical Endoscopy.2022; 55(3): 339. CrossRef - Endoscopic Closure After Endoscopic Resection for Superficial Non-Ampullary Duodenal Tumors
Satoshi Tanabe, Takuya Wada
Clinical Endoscopy.2021; 54(4): 453. CrossRef
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Endoscopic Management with a Novel Over-The-Scope Padlock Clip System
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Mahesh Kumar Goenka, Gajanan Ashokrao Rodge, Indrajeet Kumar Tiwary
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Clin Endosc 2019;52(6):574-580. Published online November 26, 2019
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2019.122
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Abstract
PDF
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- Background
/Aims: The Padlock clip is a recently introduced over-the-scope clip (OTSC) that requires the use of an alternate technique and has a different design from previous OTSCs. However, data regarding its clinical use are limited. The aim of this study is to present our clinical experience using this novel Padlock clip system.
Methods
Between September 2018 and June 2019, 7 consecutive patients underwent Padlock clip application at our center by an experienced endoscopist. A Padlock clip was used for achieving hemostasis in 4 patients presenting with gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, as well as for endoscopic full-thickness resection in the remaining 3 patients.
Results
All 7 patients achieved technical as well as clinical success, with absence of complications or rebleeding, during a follow-up of a minimum of 3 weeks. All patients were hospitalized post procedure for a minimum of 48 hours, and an absence of adverse events was noted in our patient population throughout the procedure and post-procedure period. Antiplatelet therapy was reinstated shortly after the application of the Padlock clip, with no GI bleeding observed.
Conclusions
The Padlock clip is a novel OTSC, with benefits that include safe, simple, and rapid deployment. Antiplatelet therapy may be reinstated for patients, when necessary, shortly after applying the Padlock clip due to full-thickness closure of the tissue.
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Citations
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- Impact of Size on Endoluminal Approaches to Submucosal Tumors of the Stomach
Jad P. AbiMansour, Ryan J. Law
Foregut: The Journal of the American Foregut Society.2025; 5(1): 52. CrossRef - Endoscopic management of leakage at the lateral intersections of double-stapled anastomosis using clipping and detachable snaring in laparoscopic low anterior resection
Youngjin Kim, Jesung Park, Ji Won Park
Journal of Innovative Medical Technology.2025; 3(1): 29. CrossRef - Over-The-Scope Clip Misdeployment Resulting in Acute Cholangitis and Biliary Pancreatitis
Aniruddha Srivastava, Luay M. Almassalha, Laurens P. Janssens, Srinadh Komanduri, Saad Saffo
ACG Case Reports Journal.2025; 12(7): e01765. CrossRef - Gastrointestinal Fistulas—What Gastroenterologists Need to Know in 2025
Monjur Ahmed, Aniruddha Pratap Singh
Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Advancements in endoscopic closure: Embracing a new era of managing complications and postprocedural defects after endoscopic submucosal dissection
Michał Spychalski, Zofia Orzeszko, Przemysław Kasprzyk
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Updates on the Prevention and Management of Post-Polypectomy Bleeding in the Colon
Hisham Wehbe, Aditya Gutta, Mark A. Gromski
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America.2024; 34(2): 363. CrossRef - Advancements in endoscopic hemostasis for non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Xue Jing Li, Brian M Fung
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2024; 16(7): 376. CrossRef - Usage of Padlock Over-the-Scope-Clip in Difficult-to-Control Recurrent Gastrointestinal Bleeding Due to a Gastric Dieulafoy Lesion
John Joyce, Vishnu Kumar, Dayana Nasr, Ganesh Aswath, Hafiz M. Khan, Savio John
Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Analysis of Reported Adverse Events Related to Over-the-Scope Clips: A MAUDE Database Analysis
Daniyal Abbas, Mohamed Abdallah, Khalid Ahmed, Abubaker O. Abdalla, Nicholas McDonald, Shifa Umar, Brian J. Hanson, Mohammad Bilal
Techniques and Innovations in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2023; 25(2): 106. CrossRef - Colonic diverticular bleeding: An update on pathogenesis and management
Sneha Annie Sebastian, Edzel Lorraine Co, Venkatesh Panthangi, Radha Bansal, Vaishnavi Narayanan, Shachi Paudel, Rabab Raja, Inderbir Padda, Babu P Mohan
Disease-a-Month.2023; 69(11): 101543. CrossRef - Endoscopic Recognition and Resection of Malignant Colorectal Polyps
Natalie Wilson, Moamen Gabr, Mohammad Bilal
Techniques and Innovations in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2023; 25(4): 385. CrossRef - Endoscopic Salvage of Gastrointestinal Anastomosis Leaks—Past, Present, and Future—A Narrated Review
Alexandra Menni, George Stavrou, Georgios Tzikos, Anne D. Shrewsbury, Katerina Kotzampassi
Gastrointestinal Disorders.2023; 5(3): 383. CrossRef - Boerhaave’s Syndrome: Better Late than Never – Delayed Management Using Endoscopic Over-the-Scope Clip
Arulprakash Sarangapani, Tarun J George, S Malathi
Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy Practice.2023; 3(4): 167. CrossRef - Tratamiento endoscópico de la perforación mediante Padlock Clip®, a propósito de 2 casos
M. Reyes Busta Nistal, Lourdes del Olmo Martínez, Benito Velayos Jimenez, Luis Fernández Salazar, Miguel Durà Gil
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Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology.2022; 57(1): 119. CrossRef - OTSC (Padlock Clip) as a Rescue Endoscopic Method for a Severe Post-Bariatric Complication
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Case Reports
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Successful Closure of a Benign Refractory Tracheoesophageal Fistula Using an Over-the-Scope Clip after Failed Esophageal Stent Placement and Surgical Management
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Nonthalee Pausawasdi, Chotirot Angkurawaranon, Tanyaporn Chantarojanasiri, Arunchai Chang, Wanchai Wongkornrat, Somchai Leelakusolvong, Asada Methasate
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Clin Endosc 2020;53(3):361-365. Published online October 28, 2019
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2019.106
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Abstract
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Supplementary Material
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- Tracheoesophageal fistulas (TEFs) have traditionally been managed surgically, but the endoscopic approach is widely performed as a less invasive alternative. Different closure techniques have been proposed with inconsistent results. An over-the-scope clip (OTSC) appears to be a reasonable option, but long-term results have not been well defined. We report the long-term outcomes of a complex case of successful closure of a benign refractory TEF using an OTSC after failed surgical management and esophageal stent placement.
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Citations
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Qi Gong, Aihong Yin, Zhi Wei
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L. Laurel, M. Garcia, J. Co, G. Mendoza
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Osman Ali, Gurbani Singh, Sindhura Kolachana, Mohammed a Khan, Varun Kesar
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Cureus.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Over-the-Scope Clip-Associated Endoscopic Muscular Dissection for Seven Cases of Small Gastric Submucosal Tumor: A Video-Based Case Series
Xin Li, Rongfen Wei, Jianfu Qin, Fei Qin, Peng Peng, Mengbin Qin, Shiquan Liu, Jiean Huang, Piero Chirletti
Gastroenterology Research and Practice.2021; 2021: 1. CrossRef
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5
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Full-Thickness Resection Device for Complex Colorectal Lesions in High-Risk Patients as a Last-Resort Endoscopic Treatment: Initial Clinical Experience and Review of the Current Literature
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Edris Wedi, Beatrice Orlandini, Mark Gromski, Carlo Felix Maria Jung, Irina Tchoumak, Stephanie Boucher, Volker Ellenrieder, Jürgen Hochberger
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Clin Endosc 2018;51(1):103-108. Published online January 31, 2018
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2017.093
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Abstract
PDF
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- The full-thickness resection device (FTRD) is a novel endoscopic device approved for the resection of colorectal lesions. This case-series describes the device and its use in high-risk patients with colorectal lesions and provides an overview of the potential indications in recently published data.
Between December 2014 and September 2015, 3 patients underwent endoscopic full thickness resection using the FTRD for colorectal lesions: 1 case for a T1 adenocarcinoma in the region of a surgical anastomosis after recto-sigmoidectomy, 1 case for a non-lifting colonic adenoma with low-grade dysplasia in an 89-year old patient and 1 for a recurrent adenoma with high-grade dysplasia in a young patient with ulcerative rectocolitis who was under immunosuppression after renal transplantation. Both technical and clinical success rates were achieved in all cases. The size of removed lesions ranged from 9 to 30 mm.
Overall, the most frequent indication in the literature has been for lifting or non-lifting adenoma, submucosal tumors, neuroendocrin tumors, incomplete endoscopic resection (R1) or T1 carcinoma.
Colorectal FTRD is a feasible technique for the treatment of colorectal lesions and represents a minimally invasive alternative for either surgical or conventional endoscopic resection strategies.
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P. A. Boland, P. D. McEntee, E. Murphy, A. Singaravelu, J. B. Tuynmann, A. Arezzo, F. Aigner, J. P. Burke, R. A. Cahill
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Original Article
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Efficacy of the Over-the-Scope Clip System for Treatment of Gastrointestinal Fistulas, Leaks, and Perforations: A Korean Multi-Center Study
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Hang Lak Lee, Joo Young Cho, Jun-Hyung Cho, Jong Jae Park, Chan Gyoo Kim, Seong Hwan Kim, Joung-Ho Han
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Clin Endosc 2018;51(1):61-65. Published online August 29, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2017.027
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Abstract
PDF
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- Background
/Aims: Currently, a new over-the-scope clip (OTSC) system has been introduced. This system has been used for gastrointestinal perforations and fistulas in other countries. The aim of our study is to examine the therapeutic success rate of endoscopic treatment using the OTSC system in Korea.
Methods
This was a multicenter prospective study. A total of seven endoscopists at seven centers performed this procedure.
Results
A total of 19 patients were included, with gastrointestinal leakages from anastomosis sites, fistulas, or esophageal perforations due to Boerhaave’s syndrome. Among these, there were three gastrojejunostomy sites, three esophagojejunostomy sites, four esophagogastrostomy sites, one esophagocolonostomy site, one jejuno-jejunal site, two endoscopic full thickness resection site closures, one Boerhaave’s syndrome, two esophago-bronchial fistulas, one gastrocolonic fistula, and one colonopseudocyst fistula. The size of the leakage ranged from 5 to 30 mm. The median procedure time was 16 min. All cases were technically successful. Complete closure of the leak was achieved in 14 of 19 patients using OTSC alone.
Conclusions
The OTSC system is a safe and effective method for the management of gastrointestinal leakage, especially in cases of anastomotic leakage after surgery.
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Citations
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Case Report
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Combined Endoscopic and Surgical Treatment of Severe Gastrointestinal Bleeding in a Patient with Heart Assist Device under Therapeutic Anticoagulation
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Edris Wedi, Mohamed Bounnah, Riccardo Memeo, Carlo Jung
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Clin Endosc 2017;50(6):598-601. Published online June 1, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2017.024
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Abstract
PDF
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- Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a common complication after heart assist device placement. Reasons for bleeding are multifactorial. Endoscopic therapy is the treatment of choice, whereas invasive procedures are avoided in these critically ill patients. We present the case of a 65-year-old male patient experiencing severe GI bleeding after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and right ventricular assist device (RVAD) placement with therapeutic anticoagulation. Endoscopically, multiple gastric bleeding sources were found but could not be treated effectively due to a large blood clot. A combined endoscopic and surgical treatment was initiated, including gastrotomy for blood clot removal, surgical transgastric suturing, endoscopic over-the-scope clip (OTSC) placement and hemospray application. Postoperative endoscopic visualization showed effective bleeding control. The patient unfortunately died due to causes unrelated to the treatment. This case shows that a minimal invasive combination of endoscopic and surgical techniques can be an alternative treatment for severe upper GI bleeding in critically ill and anticoagulated patients.
Original Article
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Endoscopic Management of Gastrointestinal Leaks and Bleeding with the Over-the-Scope Clip: A Prospective Study
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Mahesh Kumar Goenka, Vijay Kumar Rai, Usha Goenka, Indrajit Kumar Tiwary
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Clin Endosc 2017;50(1):58-63. Published online October 31, 2016
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2016.028
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Abstract
PDF
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- Background
/Aims: The over-the-scope clip (OTSC) is a device used for endoscopic closure of perforations, leaks and fistulas, and for endoscopic hemostasis. To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of OTSC.
Methods
Between October 2013 and November 2015, 12 patients underwent OTSC placement by an experienced endoscopist. OTSC was used for the closure of gastrointestinal (GI) leaks and fistula in six patients, three of which were iatrogenic (esophageal, gastric, and duodenal) and three of which were inflammatory. In six patients, OTSC was used for hemostasis of non-variceal upper GI bleeding. Endoscopic tattooing using India ink was used to assist the accurate placement of the clip.
Results
All subjects except one with a colonic defect experienced immediate technical success as well as long-term clinical success, during a mean follow-up of 6 weeks. Only one clip was required to close each of the GI defects and to achieve hemostasis in all patients. There were no misfirings or complications of clips. The procedure was well tolerated, and patients were hospitalized for an average of 8 days (range, 3 to 10). Antiplatelet therapy was continued in patients with GI bleeding.
Conclusions
In our experience, OTSC was safe and effective for the closure of GI defect and to achieve hemostasis of non-variceal GI bleeding.
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Citations
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Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2024; 60(2): 112. CrossRef - Over-the-scope clip for closure of persistent gastrocutaneous fistula after gastrostomy tube removal: a multicenter pediatric experience
Antonio Corsello, Matthieu Antoine, Shishu Sharma, Valérie Bertrand, Salvatore Oliva, Giorgio Fava, Francesca Destro, Andrew Huang, Wei S. W. Fong, Martina Ichino, Mike Thomson, Frederic Gottrand
Surgical Endoscopy.2024; 38(11): 6305. CrossRef - Use of over-the-scope clip (OTSC) versus standard therapy for the prevention of rebleeding in large peptic ulcers (size ≥1.5 cm): an open-labelled, multicentre international randomised controlled trial
Shannon Chan, Rapat Pittayanon, Hsiu-Po Wang, Jiann-Hwa Chen, Anthony YB Teoh, Yu Ting Kuo, Raymond SY Tang, Hon Chi Yip, Stephen Ka Kei Ng, Sunny Wong, Joyce Wing Yan Mak, Heyson Chan, Louis Lau, Rashid N Lui, Marc Wong, Rungsun Rerknimitr, Enders K Ng,
Gut.2023; 72(4): 638. CrossRef - Current status in endoscopic management of upper gastrointestinal perforations, leaks and fistulas
Shannon Melissa Chan, Kitty Kit Ying Auyeung, Siu Fung Lam, Philip Wai Yan Chiu, Anthony Yuen Bun Teoh
Digestive Endoscopy.2022; 34(1): 43. CrossRef - The application of endoscopic loop ligation in defect repair following endoscopic full-thickness resection of gastric submucosal tumors originating from the muscularis propria layer
Guoxiang Wang, Yanli Xiang, Yangde Miao, Honggang Wang, Meidong Xu, Guang Yu
Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology.2022; 57(1): 119. CrossRef - Gastrointestinal Emergencies and the Role of Endoscopy
Vinod Kumar Dixit, Manoj Kumar Sahu, Vybhav Venkatesh, Varanasi Yugandhar Bhargav, Vinod Kumar, Mayank Bhushan Pateriya, Jayanthi Venkataraman
Journal of Digestive Endoscopy.2022; 13(03): 179. CrossRef - Closure of Gastrointestinal Fistulas and Leaks with the Over-the-Scope Clip: Case-Series Analysis
Abdullah Senlikci, Tahsin Dalgic, Ahmet Alyanak, Erdal Birol Bostanci
Indian Journal of Surgery.2021; 83(6): 1413. CrossRef - Combination Endoscopic Therapy is Effective for Treatment of Nonbariatric Postoperative Gastroenteric Leaks
Nikhil R. Thiruvengadam, Christopher Hamerski, Andrew Nett, Yasser Bhat, Janak Shah, Jona Bernabe, Steven Kane, Kenneth Binmoeller, Rabindra R. Watson
Techniques and Innovations in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2021; 23(2): 122. CrossRef - Efficacy of the OTSC System in the treatment of GI bleeding and wall defects: a PMCF meta-analysis
Timo Weiland, Sabrina Rohrer, Arthur Schmidt, Edris Wedi, Peter Bauerfeind, Karel Caca, Mouen A. Khashab, Juergen Hochberger, Franziska Baur, Thomas Gottwald, Marc O. Schurr
Minimally Invasive Therapy & Allied Technologies.2020; 29(3): 121. CrossRef - Long-term assessment of over-the-scope clip (OTSC) behavior after gastric application
Jinlong Hu, Yang Yang, Nan Ge, Sheng Wang, Jintao Guo, Xiang Liu, Guoxin Wang, Siyu Sun
Minimally Invasive Therapy & Allied Technologies.2020; 29(2): 86. CrossRef - Use of the Over the Scope Clip to Close Perforations and Fistulas
Panida Piyachaturawat, Parit Mekaroonkamol, Rungsun Rerknimitr
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America.2020; 30(1): 25. CrossRef - Clinical efficacy of the over-the-scope clip device: A systematic review
Nicholas Bartell, Krystle Bittner, Vivek Kaul, Truptesh H Kothari, Shivangi Kothari
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2020; 26(24): 3495. CrossRef - Life on a knife edge: the optimal approach to the management of perforations during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)
Shria Kumar, Young Hoon Youn, Jeffrey H. Lee
Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2020; 14(10): 965. CrossRef - Gastrointestinal tract injuries after thermal ablative therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report and review of the literature
Teresa Marzia Rogger, Andrea Michielan, Sandro Sferrazza, Cecilia Pravadelli, Luisa Moser, Flora Agugiaro, Giovanni Vettori, Sonia Seligmann, Elettra Merola, Marcello Maida, Francesco Antonio Ciarleglio, Alberto Brolese, Giovanni de Pretis
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2020; 26(35): 5375. CrossRef - Fístula broncoesofágica secundaria a aspergilosis pulmonar
Antonio María Caballero-Mateos, Mercedes López de Hierro Ruíz, Eduardo Redondo Cerezo
Revista Colombiana de Gastroenterología.2020; 35(4): 558. CrossRef - Over-the-Scope Clip to the Rescue! A Novel Tool for Refractory Acute Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Shivantha Amarnath, Jobin Philipose, Jeffrey Abergel, Hafiz Khan
Case Reports in Gastroenterology.2020; 14(2): 261. CrossRef - Over‐the‐scope clip system: A review of 1517 cases over 9 years
Hideki Kobara, Hirohito Mori, Noriko Nishiyama, Shintaro Fujihara, Keiichi Okano, Yasuyuki Suzuki, Tsutomu Masaki
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2019; 34(1): 22. CrossRef - Over-the-scope-clips as primary and rescue therapy for non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Andrew Ofosu, Daryl Ramai, Febin John, Mohammed Barakat, Tagore Sunkara, Santosh Sharma, Vinaya Gaduputi, Douglas G. Adler, Madhavi Reddy
Minerva Gastroenterologica e Dietologica.2019;[Epub] CrossRef - Cierre endoscópico de perforaciones y fístulas del tracto digestivo mediante el sistema «Over-the scope clip» (Ovesco), en un centro terciario
G. Mosquera-Klinger, R. Torres-Rincón, J. Jaime-Carvajal
Revista de Gastroenterología de México.2019; 84(2): 263. CrossRef - Endoscopic closure of gastrointestinal perforations and fistulas using the Ovesco Over-The-Scope Clip system at a tertiary care hospital center
G. Mosquera-Klinger, R. Torres-Rincón, J. Jaime-Carvajal
Revista de Gastroenterología de México (English Edition).2019; 84(2): 263. CrossRef - Management of Bleeding from Unresectable Gastric Cancer
Hideaki Kawabata, Misuzu Hitomi, Shigehiro Motoi
Biomedicines.2019; 7(3): 54. CrossRef - Over‐the‐scope clip for acute esophageal variceal bleeding
Carolina Mangas‐Sanjuan, Belén Martínez-Moreno, Maryana Bozhychko, Luis Compañy, Juan Martinez, Francisco Ruiz, Juan Antonio Casellas, José Ramón Aparicio
Digestive Endoscopy.2019; 31(6): 712. CrossRef - Clinical outcomes of over-the-scope-clip system for the treatment of acute upper non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Chunyu Zhong, Shali Tan, Yutang Ren, Muhan Lü, Yan Peng, Xiangsheng Fu, Xiaowei Tang
BMC Gastroenterology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef - Endoscopic Management with a Novel Over-The-Scope Padlock Clip System
Mahesh Kumar Goenka, Gajanan Ashokrao Rodge, Indrajeet Kumar Tiwary
Clinical Endoscopy.2019; 52(6): 574. CrossRef - Over the Scope Clips for Treatment of Acute Nonvariceal Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Children Are Safe and Effective
Paul Tran, Joshua Carroll, Bradley A. Barth, Nandini Channabasappa, David M. Troendle
Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition.2018; 67(4): 458. CrossRef - Endoscopic titanium clip closure of gastric fistula after splenectomy: A case report
Jing Yu, Cheng-Ji Zhou, Pan Wang, Shou-Jiang Wei, Jin-Song He, Jin Tang
World Journal of Clinical Cases.2018; 6(15): 1047. CrossRef - New endoscopic techniques in treating gastrointestinal bleeding
Young Sin Cho
International Journal of Gastrointestinal Intervention.2018; 7(3): 131. CrossRef - Over-the-Scope Clip in the Management of Gastrointestinal Defect and Intractable Non-Variceal Bleeding
Hyungkil Kim
Clinical Endoscopy.2017; 50(1): 3. CrossRef - Hémorragies digestives : qui ? quand ? place des nouveaux traitements ?
D. Heresbach, A. Laquière
Acta Endoscopica.2017; 47(5): 281. CrossRef - Over-the-scope clip
Bhanwar Singh Dhandhu, Kumar Shwetanshu Narayan, Surinder Sultania, Sandeep Nijhawan
Journal of Digestive Endoscopy.2016; 07(02): 047. CrossRef
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Review
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Recent Developments in the Endoscopic Treatment of Patients with Peptic Ulcer Bleeding
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Jae-Young Jang
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Clin Endosc 2016;49(5):417-420. Published online September 30, 2016
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2016.135
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- Peptic ulcer bleeding is an internal medical emergency. Endoscopic hemostasis has been shown to improve the survival rate of patients with peptic ulcer bleeding. Although the established hemostatic modalities, including injection, thermal therapy, and mechanical therapy, are effective in controlling peptic ulcer bleeding, hemostasis can be difficult to achieve in some cases. As a result, recent, new endoscopic hemostatic modalities, including over-the-scope clips, topical hemostatic sprays, and endoscopic ultrasonography-guided angiotherapy, have been developed.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Turn over the new leaf of the treatment in peptic ulcer bleeding: a review of the literature
Meng-Hsuan Lu, Hsueh-Chien Chiang
Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Endoscopic Hemostasis and Antithrombotic Management
Jamie Bering, Mashal J. Batheja, Neena S. Abraham
Gastroenterology Clinics of North America.2024; 53(4): 573. CrossRef - Endoscopic clipping in non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding treatment
Giuseppe Galloro, Angelo Zullo, Gaetano Luglio, Alessia Chini, Donato Alessandro Telesca, Rosa Maione, Matteo Pollastro, Giovanni Domenico De Palma, Raffaele Manta
Clinical Endoscopy.2022; 55(3): 339. CrossRef - Mortality Trends of Gastrointestinal, Liver, and Pancreaticobiliary Diseases: A Hospital-Based Prospective Study in the Southeast of Iran
Mohammad Javad Zahedi, Sara Shafieipour, Mohammad Mahdi Hayatbakhsh Abbasi, Mohsen Nakhaie, Mohammad Rezaei Zadeh Rukerd, Mohammad Mehdi Lashkarizadeh, Farbood Noorbini, Mohammad Hasan Baghaei, Abbas Pourjafari, Ebrahim Aminian, Fatemeh Karami Robati, Aza
Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases.2022; 14(4): 404. CrossRef - Urban-Rural Disparities and Temporal Trends in Peptic Ulcer Disease Epidemiology, Treatment, and Outcomes in the United States
Howard Guo, Angela Y. Lam, Abdel Aziz Shaheen, Nauzer Forbes, Gilaad G. Kaplan, Christopher N. Andrews, Michael Laffin, Siddharth Singh, Vipul Jairath, Anouar Teriaky, Jeffrey K. Lee, Christopher Ma
American Journal of Gastroenterology.2021; 116(2): 296. CrossRef - Method of diagnosis and treatment of profusional bleeding from stenosing postbulbar ulcers of the duodenum
Volodymyr Mamchych, Sergiy Vereshchagin, Volodymyr Maksymchuk, Dmytro Maksymchuk
EUREKA: Health Sciences.2021; (2): 37. CrossRef - Advances in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Safety and Efficiency of Transnasal Endoscopy
Hiroyuki Abe, Kenya Kamimura, Yoshihisa Arao, Junji Kohisa, Shuji Terai
Medicines.2021; 8(9): 53. CrossRef - Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: A review
Elroy Patrick Weledji
Surgery in Practice and Science.2020; 1: 100004. CrossRef - Acute gastroinstinal bleeding: a review
Elroy P. Weledji
International Journal of Surgery: Global Health.2020; 3(3): e18. CrossRef - Upper gastrointestinal bleeding: Is only an injection of epinephrine sufficient? Success rates by Forrest classification
Ahmet Surek, Eyup Gemici, Abdussamet Bozkurt, Mehmet Karabulut
Sanamed.2020; 15(3): 309. CrossRef - Endoscopic closure of iatrogenic colon perforation using dual-channel endoscope with an endoloop and clips: methods and feasibility data (with videos)
Ja Young Ryu, Byung Kwan Park, Won-Seok Kim, Kisung Kim, Jae Young Lee, Young Kim, Jae Yong Park, Beom Jin Kim, Jeong Wook Kim, Chang Hwan Choi
Surgical Endoscopy.2019; 33(4): 1342. CrossRef - Endoscopic Hemostatic Treatment of Peptic Ulcer Bleeding
Yeon Hwa Choe, Jun Chul Park
The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research.2018; 18(4): 235. CrossRef
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13,073
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Case Reports
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Utility of Over-the-Scope Clipping for Closure of a Persistent Post-Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Fistula under Long-Term Steroid Therapy
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Yoshihisa Arao, Yuichi Sato, Satoru Hashimoto, Hiroki Honda, Kazumi Yoko, Masaaki Takamura, Ken-ichi Mizuno, Masaaki Kobayashi
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Clin Endosc 2015;48(6):563-565. Published online November 30, 2015
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2015.48.6.563
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- A 50-year-old woman had a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placed after surgery for pharyngeal cancer. After 21 months, the PEG tube was removed due to improvement of per-oral ingestion. She had taken prednisolone for 31 years for systemic lupus erythematosus. The post-PEG fistula did not close spontaneously. The cause of the fistula was slow wound healing and gastrostomy site inflammation due to long-term steroid therapy. We were able to close the fistula with an over-the-scope clipping (OTSC) system. This case suggests that OTSC is useful for closing persistent post-PEG fistulas in patients receiving long-term prednisolone therapy.
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- UEG Week 2016 Poster Presentations
United European Gastroenterology Journal.2016; 4(5_suppl): A157. CrossRef
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11,673
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71
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1
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Treatment of Traumatic Esophagopleural Fistula Using the Over-the-Scope-Clip System
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Ji Hyoung Kim, Jong-Jae Park, Il Woo Jung, Sang Hoon Kim, Hee Dong Kim, Jung Wan Choe, Moon Kyung Joo, Hyun Gu Kim
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Clin Endosc 2015;48(5):440-443. Published online September 30, 2015
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2015.48.5.440
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Abstract
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Esophagopleural fistula (EPF) is a rare condition that is usually accompanied by severe infection and life-threatening morbidity. Here, we report the successful treatment of an EPF by closing an esophageal orifice using the over-the-scope-clip (OTSC) system without postprocedural complications. A 41-year-old man had serious thoracic and abdominal trauma due to a traffic accident. Computed tomography revealed findings suggestive of esophageal rupture due to Boerhaave syndrome. An emergent explorative operation was performed for primary repair with the insertion of a vacuum-assisted closure device. A postoperative upper gastrointestinal series revealed an EPF tract connecting the left pleural space and distal esophagus. We performed an endoscopic procedure using the "traumatic-type"OTSC to seal the EPF, and the esophageal orifice was completely healed 2 weeks postoperatively. The OTSC system might represent a safe and feasible modality for the treatment of EPF.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Non-surgical resolution of a delayed esophagopleural fistula caused by tuberculous mediastinal lymphadenitis: Diagnostic challenges and therapeutic success
Duk Ki Kim, Yooyoung Chong, Jeeyeon Baek, Chaeuk Chung
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease.2025; 112(4): 116834. CrossRef - A Comprehensive Review of Endoscopic Management of Sleeve Gastrectomy Leaks
Mihajlo Gjeorgjievski, Zaid Imam, Mitchell S. Cappell, Laith H. Jamil, Michel Kahaleh
Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology.2021; 55(7): 551. CrossRef - Bevacizumab-induced esophageal pleural fistula during maintenance therapy without radiation in lung cancer
Ting Wang, Asmitananda Thakur, Baoqing Chen
BMC Pulmonary Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Over-the-Scope Clip Closure of an Esophageal-Pleural Fistula Secondary to Esophageal Stent Placement: A Case Report
Justin Chuang, Naveena Luke, Khushbu Patel, Jordan Burlen, Ali Nawras
Cureus.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Endoluminal vacuum therapy in the management of an esophago-pleural fistula as a complication of Boerhaave syndrome in a patient with eosinophilic esophagitis
Carlos Tuñon, Juan De Lucas, Jan Cubilla, Rafael Andrade, Miguel Aguirre, Julio Zúñiga Cisneros
BMC Gastroenterology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Komplikationsbeherrschung bei Körperhöhlentrauma
H. Vogelsang
Trauma und Berufskrankheit.2017; 19(S1): 88. CrossRef - Endoscopic Approach for Major Complications of Bariatric Surgery
Moon Kyung Joo
Clinical Endoscopy.2017; 50(1): 31. CrossRef - Endoscopic clipping of spontaneous esophageal rupture: Case reports of three patients
Koji Otsuka, Masahiko Murakami, Tomotake Ariyoshi, Takeshi Yamashita, Satoru Goto, Makoto Watanabe, Takeshi Aoki
International Journal of Surgery Case Reports.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
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9,250
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80
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Endoscopic Treatment of Various Gastrointestinal Tract Defects with an Over-the-Scope Clip: Case Series from a Tertiary Referral Hospital
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Woong Cheul Lee, Weon Jin Ko, Jun-Hyung Cho, Tae Hee Lee, Seong Ran Jeon, Hyun Gun Kim, Joo Young Cho
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Clin Endosc 2014;47(2):178-182. Published online March 31, 2014
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2014.47.2.178
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Abstract
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Recently, increasingly invasive therapeutic endoscopic procedures and more complex gastrointestinal surgeries such as endoscopic mucosal resection, endoscopic submucosal dissection, and novel laparoscopic approaches have resulted in endoscopists being confronted more frequently with perforations, fistulas, and anastomotic leakages, for which nonsurgical closure is desired. In this article, we present our experiences with the use of over-the-scope clip (OTSC) for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) closure, prevention of perforation, anastomotic leakages, and fistula closures. The OTSC is a valuable device for closing intestinal perforations and fistulas, for NOTES closure, and for the prevention of perforation after the excision of a tumor from the proper muscle layer. Furthermore, it seems to be quite safe to perform, even by endoscopists with little experience of the technique.
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Citations
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- Gastrointestinale Endoskopie im postoperativen Komplikationsmanagement
Marcus Kantowski, Gabriel Alexander Salg
Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie up2date.2025; 19(01): 53. CrossRef - Global research trends in endoscopy applications in submucosal tumor: A bibliometric analysis of studies published from 2010-2024
Ke-Xin Lin, Yan Liu, Li Wang, Pei-Rong Xu, Zu-Qiang Liu, Li-Yun Ma, Jia-Jia Lin, Tao Tan, Ping-Hong Zhou, Hao Hu
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Experimental Evaluation of the Optimal Suture Pattern With a Flexible Endoscopic Suturing System
Peter Halvax, Michele Diana, Yoshihiro Nagao, Jacques Marescaux, Lee Swanström
Surgical Innovation.2017; 24(3): 201. CrossRef - Management of non-acute gastrointestinal defects using the over-the-scope clips (OTSCs): a retrospective single-institution experience
Joshua S. Winder, Afif N. Kulaylat, Jane R. Schubart, Hassan M. Hal, Eric M. Pauli
Surgical Endoscopy.2016; 30(6): 2251. CrossRef - Early endoscopic closure of colocutaneous fistula adjacent to unmatured low colorectal anastomosis with the Over-The-Scope Clip (OTSC)
Constantinos Avgoustou, K. Paraskeva
Hellenic Journal of Surgery.2016; 88(3): 193. CrossRef - Endoscopic Closure for Full-Thickness Gastrointestinal Defects: Available Applications and Emerging Innovations
Nobuyoshi Takeshita, Khek Yu Ho
Clinical Endoscopy.2016; 49(5): 438. CrossRef
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8,074
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4
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Successful Treatment of Duodenal Variceal Bleeding by Endoscopic Clipping
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Su Bin Park, Sang Ho Lee, Jin Hee Kim, Hyun Jung Lee, Sung Pil Jang, Jae Nam Lee, Jong Ho Hwang
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Clin Endosc 2013;46(4):403-406. Published online July 31, 2013
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2013.46.4.403
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Abstract
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Duodenal varix bleeding is an uncommon cause of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with portal hypertension but can cause severe and potentially fatal bleeding. However, the incidence is low and a good treatment method has not been well established yet. Duodenal variceal bleeding can be treated surgically or nonsurgically. We have successfully treated a patient with duodenal variceal bleeding secondary to liver cirrhosis using hemoclips to control the bleeding.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Bleeding from Ectopic Duodenal Varices: TTS clip an easy, effective and potential alternative to cyanoacrylate injection in an emergency setting
R Ajana, N Maimouni, S Harchelkorane, Z Yachoulti, A Akjay, H Ouaya, H Meyiz, I Mellouki
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Gemaine Kar Mun Chan, Yi Yuan Tan, Tze Tong Tey, Rajneesh Kumar, Farah Gillan Irani
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Monica Dzwonkowski, Umair Iqbal, Seth W Kaufer, Yakub I Khan, Kishore Kumar
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Justin Robbins, Ihab El Hassan, Christa Siebenburgen
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Kiran Sinjali, Chris Bent
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Jeffrey H. Howe, Peter R. Bream Jr, Clayton W. Commander, Kyung Rae Kim
International Journal of Gastrointestinal Intervention.2020; 9(3): 125. CrossRef - Percutaneous Trans-splenic Obliteration for Duodenal Variceal bleeding: A Case Report
Hyun Woo Kim, Jun Sik Yoon, Seung Jung Yu, Tae Heon Kim, Jae Heon Seol, Dan Kim, Jun Young Jung, Pyeong Hwa Jeong, Hoon Kwon, Hong Sub Lee, Sang Heon Lee, Jung Sik Choi, Sung Jae Park, Sam Ryong Jee, Youn Jae Lee, Sang Yong Seol
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Shradha Bhagani, Conchubhair Winters, Sulleman Moreea
BMJ Case Reports.2017; 2017: bcr2016218669. CrossRef - Long-term Successful Treatment of Massive Distal Duodenal Variceal Bleeding with Balloon-occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration
Soon Woo Hwang, Joo Hyun Sohn, Tae Yeob Kim, Ji Yeoun Kim, Jiyoung Yhi, Dong Shin Kwak, Hae Su Kim, Soon-Young Song
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2014; 63(4): 248. CrossRef
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9,798
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Original Article
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Clipping for the Prevention of Immediate Bleeding after Polypectomy of Pedunculated Polyps: A Pilot Study
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Sun-Jin Boo, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Seon Young Park, Jong Sun Rew, Da Mi Lee, Sung Jae Shin, Dong Uk Kim, Geum Am Song
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Clin Endosc 2012;45(1):84-88. Published online March 31, 2012
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2012.45.1.84
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- Background/Aims
Immediate postpolypectomy bleeding (IPPB) increases the procedure time and it may disturb performing a safe polypectomy. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether clipping before snare polypectomy of large pedunculated polyps is useful for the prevention of IPPB.
MethodsThis is a single arm, pilot study. We enrolled patients with pedunculated colorectal polyps that were 1 cm in size or more from 4 university hospitals between June 2009 and June 2010. Clips were applied at the stalk and snare polypectomy was then performed. The complications, including IPPB, were investigated.
ResultsFifty six pedunculated polyps in 47 patients (Male:Female=36:11; age, 56±11 years) were included. The size of the polyp heads was 17±8 mm. Tubular adenoma was most common (57%). The number of clips used before snare polypectomy was 2±0.5. The procedure was successful in all cases. IPPB occurred in 2 cases (3.6%), and both of these were managed by additional clipping. Delayed bleeding occurred in another one case (1.8%), which improved with conservative treatment. No perforation occurred.
ConclusionsWe suggest that clipping before snare polypectomy of pedunculated polyps may be an easy and effective technique for the prevention of IPPB, and this should be confirmed in large scale, prospective, controlled studies.
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Citations
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- Cold snare polypectomy versus hot snare polypectomy for small pedunculated polyps: a cost-effectiveness analysis
Sneh Sonaiya, Raj Patel, Dushyant Singh Dahiya, Shahryar Khan, Charmy Parikh, Mark Stasiewicz, Pranav D. Patel, Kyaw Min Tun, Bradley Confer, Harshit S. Khara, Sumant Inamdar, Vignan Manne, Babu P. Mohan, Douglas G. Adler
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Cold Versus Hot Endoscopic Mucosal Resection for ≥15 mm Large Nonpedunculated Colorectal Polyps
Sneh Sonaiya, Dushyant S. Dahiya, Raj Patel, Shahryar Khan, Charmy Parikh, Karan Yagnik, Chun-Han Lo, Kyaw Min Tun, Pranav D. Patel, Bradley Confer, Harshit S. Khara, Sumant Inamdar, Babu P. Mohan
Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - A novel technique using endoscopic band ligation for removal of long-stalked (>10 mm) pedunculated colon polyps
Hyun Ho Choi, Chang Whan Kim, Hyung-Keun Kim, Sang Woo Kim, Sok Won Han, Kyung Jin Seo, Hiun-Suk Chae
Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology.2021; 27(5): 296. CrossRef - Endoscopic polypectomy devices
Vinay Chandrasekhara, Nikhil A. Kumta, Barham K. Abu Dayyeh, Manoop S. Bhutani, Pichamol Jirapinyo, Kumar Krishnan, John T. Maple, Joshua Melson, Rahul Pannala, Mansour A. Parsi, Amrita Sethi, Guru Trikudanathan, Arvind J. Trindade, David R. Lichtenstein
VideoGIE.2021; 6(7): 283. CrossRef - Prophylactic clip application for large pedunculated polyps before snare polypectomy may decrease immediate postpolypectomy bleeding
Jae Seung Soh, Myeongsook Seo, Kyung-Jo Kim
BMC Gastroenterology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef - Management of colonic polyps: an advancing discipline
Amir Klein, Michael J. Bourke
ANZ Journal of Surgery.2017; 87(5): 327. CrossRef - Massive post‐polypectomy hemorrhage: Successful tulip‐bundle technique with endoloop for hemostasis
Hsu‐Heng Yen, Chia‐Wei Yang, Shun‐Sheng Wu, Maw‐Soan Soon
Advances in Digestive Medicine.2016; 3(3): 128. CrossRef - Advanced Polypectomy and Resection Techniques
Amir Klein, Michael J. Bourke
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America.2015; 25(2): 303. CrossRef - Comparison of clipping with and without epinephrine injection for the prevention of post‐polypectomy bleeding in pedunculated colon polyps
Yehyun Park, Tae Joo Jeon, Ji Young Park, Soo Jung Park, Jae Hee Cheon, Tae Il Kim, Won Ho Kim, Sung Pil Hong
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2015; 30(10): 1499. CrossRef - Endoscopic haemostasis: An overview of procedures and clinical scenarios
Jérémie Jacques, Romain Legros, Stanislas Chaussade, Denis Sautereau
Digestive and Liver Disease.2014; 46(9): 766. CrossRef - Advanced Endoscopic Resection of Colorectal Lesions
Andres Sanchez-Yague, Tonya Kaltenbach, Gottumukkala Raju, Roy Soetikno
Gastroenterology Clinics of North America.2013; 42(3): 459. CrossRef - A Cost-efficacy Decision Analysis of Prophylactic Clip Placement After Endoscopic Removal of Large Polyps
Neehar D. Parikh, Kyle Zanocco, Rajesh N. Keswani, Andrew J. Gawron
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2013; 11(10): 1319. CrossRef - Fat Polyp, Thin Blood: Think Clip!
Laura Borodyansky, John R. Saltzman
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2013; 11(10): 1333. CrossRef
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Case Report
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A Primary Repair with Hemoclips and Fibrin Glue Injection in Biliary Stent Induced Duodenal Perforation
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Ki Won Kim, M.D., Tae Hoon Lee, M.D., Sang-Heum Park, M.D., Bum Suk Son, M.D., Sae Hwan Lee, M.D., Suck-Ho Lee, M.D., Il-Kwun Chung, M.D. and Sun-Joo Kim, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2011;42(6):437-441. Published online May 25, 2011
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- Duodenal perforations caused by biliary prostheses are uncommon, but they are potentially life threatening and require immediate treatment. Here we describe an unusual case of duodenal perforation induced by a plastic biliary stent. It masqueraded as a case of cholecystitis and combined systemic upset with a localized peritonitis and fever. Primary endoscopic closure by hemoclips was difficult due to the position of the lateral wall and the complexity of aligning the perforation with the endoscope. To approximate the perforated hole and adherent hemoclips, glue injection and sprayings were successfully performed under cap-fitted endoscopy. The patient recovered without additional complications.
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Three Cases of Successful Treatment of Iatrogenic Duodenal Perforation
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Choong Heon Ryu, M.D., Do Hyun Park, M.D., Myung-Hwan Kim, M.D., Dong Wan Seo, M.D., Sang Soo Lee, M.D., Sung Koo Lee, M.D. and Hong Jun Kim, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2011;42(1):57-61. Published online January 30, 2011
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- Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography has become a standard procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatobiliary disease. Like any invasive procedure, it carries a small, but significant rate of serious complications such as duodenal perforation. Primary surgical closure is the treatment of choice for the cases of duodenal perforation. However, there have been some case reports in which endoscopic metal clip closure of an iatrogenic duodenal perforation was successful. We experienced three cases of successful treatment of the iatrogenic duodenal perforation using endoscopic clipping and fibrin glue injections during a duodenoscope insertion. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2011;42:57-61)
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A Case of Fishbone-induced Esophageal Perforation Closed by Endoscopic Clipping
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Joung Muk Leem, M.D., Joung-Ho Han, M.D.*, Byeong Seong Ko, M.D.*, Mi Sung Kim, M.D.*, Ji Young Park, M.D.*, Woo Hyung Choi, M.D.*, Sei Jin Youn, M.D. and Seon Mee Park, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;41(3):151-154. Published online September 30, 2010
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- Esophageal perforation continues to be associated with high mortality - 20% to 30% - despite advances in surgical techniques. Traditional surgery has been the mainstay of treatment for perforation, but recent advances in endoscopic closure devices has increased therapeutic options for selected patients. Our patient had a fishbone-induced esophageal perforation. He was treated successfully with endoscopic clipping, antibiotics and parenteral nutrition. We report this case and provide a review of the relevant literature. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010; 41:151-154)
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A Case of Successful Embolization with Superselection by Endoscopic Hemoclipping for Pseudoaneurysmal Bleeding in a Patient with Pylorus Preserving Pancreaticoduodenectomy
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Yong Hun Kim, M.D., Chang-Il Kwon, M.D., Sae Kyung Joo, M.D., Won Hee Kim, M.D., Hong Gern Bin, M.D., Man Deuk Kim, M.D. and Seong Gyu Hwang, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;41(1):31-35. Published online July 31, 2010
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- Arterial bleeding after pancreaticoduodenectomy is a very serious complication with high mortality. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment is essential. In particular, early detection and immediate embolization can be effectively used for the delayed massive bleeding that occurs from a pseudoaneurysmal rupture. However, sometimes intermittent bleeding or a vessel spasm can cause the bleeding focus to remain unidentified in spite of repeated angiography. We experienced a case of successful embolization with superselection by endoscopic hemoclipping in a patient who underwent pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy, and the patient's bleeding focus was not found after repeated angiography. Endoscopic hemoclip application can be useful for localizing a pseudoaneurysmal rupture in patients with pancreaticoduodenectomy. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;41:31-35)
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Two Cases of Foreign Body-induced Esophageal Perforation That Were Treated by Endoscopic Clipping and Non-surgical Management
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Jung Bok Park, M.D., Won Ki Bae, M.D., Hyoung Don Lee, M.D., Jung Hoon Kim, M.D., Nam-Hoon Kim, M.D., Kyung-Ah Kim, M.D., June Sung Lee, M.D. and Young Soo Moon, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;40(5):316-320. Published online May 30, 2010
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- Perforation of the esophagus is a deadly injury that requires careful management if the patient is to survive. Prompt recognition and proper treatment of esophageal perforation may avert death or minimize complications. Esophageal perforation might be followed by mediastinitis, broncho-esophageal fistula, pneumomediastinum, peritonitis and empyema. Although primary surgical repair is the mainstay of treatment, non-surgical management can be attempted in selected patients. Endoscopic closure of an esophageal perforation with metallic clips and conservative therapy has recently been reported. We describe here two patients with esophageal perforation and pneumomediastinum that were caused by fish bones. One was completely closed by endoscopic clipping and the other was not. Non-surgical management that was made up of parenteral nutrition and antibiotic therapy produced the same successful outcomes in these two cases. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;40:316-320)
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Extensive Gastric Mucosal Laceration During Endoscopic Examination
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Han Byul Chun, M.D., Il Hyun Baek, M.D., Su Rin Shin, M.D., Hyo Jung Kim, M.D., Jin Bae Kim, M.D. and Myung Seok Lee, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;40(5):321-324. Published online May 30, 2010
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- Gastric mucosal lacerations occurring during the course of upper gastroduodenal endoscopy are apparently rare. The location and extent of the lesion are little different from the usual one found in the Mallory-Weiss tear. But the pathogenesis of the gastric mucosal tear is similar to that of Mallory-Weiss tear. Hiatal hernia, atrophic gastritis, and old age are predisposing factors for Mallory-Weiss tear. There is currently only one report about extensive gastric mucosal laceration during performance of endoscopy in an elderly patient. During a standard diagnostic endoscopic procedure, we experienced extensive gastric mucosal laceration that ranged from the gastroesophageal junction to the gastric angle in an elderly woman Furthermore, her body surface area and stomach size were very small. The patient was treated successfully with hemoclip application for the laceration. We report on the case along with a review of the relevant literature. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;40:321-324)
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A Case of Transparent Cap-fitted Endoscopic Hemoclipping on a Bleeding Dieulafoy's Lesion in the Ampulla of Vater
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Hoon Sup Koo, M.D., Yong Seok Kim, M.D., Gwang Il Kim, M.D., Jung Kyung Yang, M.D., Seung Min Kim, M.D., Sang Yeol Cheon, M.D., Je Hyung Sun, M.D. and Sun Moon Kim, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;40(1):45-48. Published online January 30, 2010
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- Dieulafoy's lesion is a rare cause of repetitive and massive gastrointestinal bleeding, and this is characterized by an isolated arteriole protruding through a small mucosal defect. Dieulafoy's lesion is generally found in the stomach within 6 cm of the gastroesophageal junction, and usually on the lesser curvature, but many lesions have been reported in extragastric locations, including the esophagus, small bowel and rectum. A Dieulafoy's lesion in the ampulla of Vater is extremely rare, and only one such case has been reported in the Korean population. We experienced a rare case of Dieulafoy's lesion in the ampulla of Vater with massive pulsatile bleeding, and this was successfully treated by transparent cap-assisted endoscopic hemoclipping. We report here on this case with a review of the relevant literature. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;40:45-48)
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Two Cases of Boerhaave's Syndrome Treated by Endoscopic Hemoclipping
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Hyun Jeong Jang, M.D., Tae Hyo Kim, M.D., Chang Min Lee, M.D., Kang Ju, M.D., Chang Yoon Ha, M.D., Hyun Ju Min, M.D., Woon Tae Jung, M.D. and Ok Jae Lee, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2009;39(6):359-363. Published online December 30, 2009
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- Boerhaave's syndrome is a spontaneous esophageal perforation due to severe nausea and vomiting after hyperphagia or drinking, and it is not due to trauma, medical instrumentation or a foreign body. Untreated esophageal perforation is associated with high mortality, and the traditional treatment has been surgical drainage and primary repair of the perforation. However, non-surgical primary repair with an endoscopic procedure has recently been attempted in some selected patients with a small sized perforation, limited contamination of the mediastinum and no evidence of sepsis. We report here on 2 patients with Boerhaave's syndrome and who were successfully treated via primary repair with endoscopic hemoclips, and we review the other cases of the Boerhaave's syndrome that were treated with a endoscopic procedure. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2009;39: 359-363)
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A Case of Brunner's Gland Adenoma Causing a Ball-valve Obstruction: Endoscopic Treatment with a Simple Method of Endoclip-assisted Direct Resection with Using an IT-knife
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Do Won Choi, M.D., Jin Ki Hwang, M.D., Jong Jae Park, M.D., Jae-Won Yun, M.D., Min-Jung Kwon, M.D., Hyejin Noh, M.D., Jae Seon Kim, M.D. and Young-Tae Bak, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2009;39(1):38-41. Published online July 30, 2009
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- Brunner's gland adenoma is a rare benign tumor that is usually asymptomatic and it the result of a benign proliferation of the Brunner's glands of the duodenum. In symptomatic patients, the common clinical presentation is gastrointestinal bleeding and obstructive symptoms. A 48-year-old man presented with abdominal discomfort and vomiting. The endoscopic examination revealed a large pedunculated polypoid mass arising in the bulb and it was prolapsing through the pylorus into the antrum, and this all resulted in a ball-valve obstruction. After endoclips were applied at the peduncle of the mass, this polyp was simply and successfully cut with using an IT-knife without bleeding or perforation. We report here on a case of Brunner's gland adenoma that caused a ball-valve obstruction, and the tumor was removed by a simple and easy method with using endoclips and an IT-knife. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2009;39:38-41)
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The Usefulness of Applying an Additional Clip When Using a Double-layered Pyloric Stent to Treat Gastric Outlet Obstruction
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Woo Jin Jung, M.D., Dae Hwan Kang, M.D., Cheol Woong Choi, M.D., Hyung Wook Kim, M.D., Gwang Ha Kim, M.D., Jeong Heo, M.D., Geun Am Song, M.D., Mong Cho, M.D., Kyung Sik Jung, M.D., Yong Wuk Kim, M.D., Dong Uk Kim, M.D., Pyo Jun Kim, M.D. and Il Du Kim, M
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2009;38(4):193-198. Published online April 30, 2009
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- Background
/Aims: It has been reported the placement of a double-layered pyloric combination stent can overcome the disadvantage of the increased ingrowth observed for an uncovered stent and the increased migration for a covered stent. But this did not satisfactorily prevent stent migration and it caused stent migration more frequently than with using the uncovered stent. This study evaluated the usefulness of applying a clip in an effort to reduce stent migration. Methods: Fifteen patients with malignant gastric outlet obstruction were treated with endoscopic placement of a double-layered combination pyloric stent. Three endoscopic clips were then applied to fix the proximal end of the enteral stent to the gastric or duodenal mucosa. The clinical efficacy and especially the rate of migration were analyzed. Results: The technical and clinical success rate was 100% (15/15) and 93.3% (14/15), respectively. No stent migration was observed in any of the patients. Three patients (20%) experienced complications such as stent collapse. The median stent patency period was 83.4 days. Conclusions: Endoscopic clipping for enteral stent placement is effective for preventing stent migration in patients with malignant gastric outlet obstruction. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2009;38:193-198)
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Non-surgical Treatment with Endoscopic Clipping in a Patient with Boerhaave's Syndrome
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Yun-Kyung Kim, M.D., Chang Nyol Paik, M.D., U-Im Chang, M.D., Sung Hoon Jung, M.D., Jeong Rok Lee, M.D., Woo Chul Chung, M.D., Kang-Moon Lee, M.D. and Jin-Mo Yang, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;37(6):409-412. Published online December 30, 2008
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- Boerhaave's syndrome is difficult to diagnosis because of the esophageal rupture, which is caused by nausea and vomiting, and Boerhaave's syndrome is known to have a high mortality rate. The mortality increases with a delayed diagnosis; therefore, an early diagnosis and surgical treatment are critical for a good prognosis. Yet some recent cases have shown that non-surgical treatments are successful in some classified patient groups. These groups should be considered according to their symptoms and their laboratory and radiological findings. Sepsis and multi-organ failure should be continuously checked for to see if they occurred and/or progressed. We report here on a 51 year old woman who had Boerhaave's syndrome, and this was caused by heavy drinking, nausea and vomiting, and she improved with just non-surgical treatment such as fasting, antibiotics and endoscopic clipping. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;37:409-412)
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Predictors of Rebleeding after Hemoclip Therapy for Treating High-risk Bleeding Ulcers: Hemoclip Therapy Alone was Comparable to Combination Treatmentwith Epinephrine Injection
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Hyo Jeong Oh, M.D., Tae Hyeon Kim, M.D., Geom Seog Seo, M.D., Chang Soo Choi, M.D., Eun Young Cho, M.D., Ki Hoon Kim, M.D., Sung O Seo, M.D., Ji Hye Kweon, M.D., Han Seung Ryu, M.D.,Suck Chei Choi, M.D., Haak Cheoul Kim, M.D. and Sae Ron Shin, M.D.*
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;37(2):83-89. Published online August 30, 2008
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- Background/Aims: Active bleeding and non-bleeding visible vessels in patients with bleeding peptic ulcer are associated with a high risk of rebleeding. The aim of our study was to define the risk factors associated with failure of endoscopic hemostasis and rebleeding in patients with active peptic ulcer bleeding. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 119 patients (90 men and 29 women; mean age, 60.14±14.67 years) with active peptic ulcer bleeding (spurting, oozing and/or non-bleeding visible vessel) and who were treated in Wonkwang Medical Center from January 2002 to January 2007. They were classified to endoscopic hemoclipping alone group (n=75) or endoscopic hemoclipping combined with epinephrine injection group (n=44), according to the therapeutic modality. Results: Initial hemostasis was achieved in the two groups (100%), and permanent hemostasis was achieved 71.4% in all the patients. Operation was done in eight patients (6.7%), and six patients (5%) in the two groups, respectively, died within 1 month after initial hemostasis because of bleeding related complications. Recurrent bleeding, the duration of the hospital stay, blood transfusion requirements, complications and the operation and mortality rates were not statistically different between the hemoclip alone and combination groups. Univariate analysis showed that rebleeding was related to the presence of shock on admission (p=0.01), complication (p=0.00), the pulse rate (>100/min) on admission (p=0.04), single ulcer (p=0.032), the level of hemoglobin (<8 g/dL) (p=0.02) and the volume of transfusion (>3 units) after the procedure (p=0.005) in all the patients. On the multivariate analysis that was adjusted for age and gender, the hemoglobin level (<8 g/dL) (odds ratio = 10.5) was the only significant predictor for early rebleeding. Conclusions: This result may suggest that the combination method does not provide a substantial advantage over hemoclipping alone for the hemostatic management of active peptic ulcers bleeding. A low hemoglobin level on admission may be useful to predict rebleeding after initial endoscopic hemostasis in patients with active peptic ulcer. However, this study was designed retrospectively, so the comparison between these two groups should be re-evaluated prospectively in a large, multicenter trial. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;37:83-89)
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Endoscopic Resection of a Large Colonic Lipoma
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Hye Suk Son, M.D., Young Seok Cho, M.D., Jin Soo Kim, M.D., Hyung Keun Kim, M.D., Chang Hyuk Ahn, M.D.*, Sung Soo Kim, M.D., Hiun Suk Chae, M.D. and Kyu Yong Choi, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;37(2):122-126. Published online August 30, 2008
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- Although colonic lipomas constitute the most common nonepithelial neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract, colonic lipomas are rare benign tumors. Most colonic lipomas are asymptomatic and are incidentally identified at the time of endoscopy or surgery. Lipomas may cause symptoms such as bleeding, obstruction or intussusception when the size of a tumor exceeds 2 cm. Surgical resection is recommended for larger lipomas to relieve symptoms or exclude a malignancy. There are few published reports on the endoscopic removal of colonic lipomas. Endoscopic snare polypectomy has been used to treat clinically symptomatic colonic lipomas. However, removal of lipomas 2 cm or greater in diameter has been associated with a greater risk of perforation. Using a detachable snare or hemoclipping may reduce the risk of complications after a polypectomy. We report a case of a large colonic lipoma that was treated with endoscopic polypectomy using a detachable snare and hemoclipping. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;37:122-126)
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A Case of Successful Closure using Endoscopic Hemostatic Clips with a Detachable Snare and Fibrin Glue Injection for a Gastro-Cutaneous Fistula following Buried Bumper Syndrome
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Hye Jeong Kim, M.D., Jae Woo Kim, M.D., Il Young Lee, M.D., Kyong Won Park, M.D., Hearn Kook Kim, M.D., Ki Tae Suk, M.D., Moon Young Kim, M.D. and Soon Koo Baik, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;37(2):116-121. Published online August 30, 2008
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- The buried bumper syndrome is a well-recognized long-term complication of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). Most of the buried bumpers are removed by making an external incision over the PEG site under local anesthesia or during a laparotomy. Recently, endoscopic removal is usually attempted. While the removal of the PEG tube is usually followed by spontaneous closure of the gastrostomy tract, a non-healing gastro- cutaneous fistula is difficult to manage. The fistula is generally treated with bowel rest and total parenteral nutritional support, suppression of gastric acid secretion, and occasionally, surgical exploration and wedge excision of the fistula site are performed. However, in debilitated patients, surgical management is accompanied with high morbidity and mortality. Recently, the use of nonsurgical alternative methods, such as endoscopic therapy using tissue adhesives or hemostatic clips, has emerged with recent advances in endoscopic technology. We report a case of successful closure using endoscopic hemostatic clips with a detachable snare and fibrin glue injection for a gastro-cutaneous fistula following buried bumper syndrome. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;37:116-121)
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A Case of Successful Endoscopic Management of Afferent Loop Leakages by Using Hemoclips and a Detachable Snare
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Se Woo Park, M.D., Hang Lak Lee, M.D., Seong Eun Ahn, M.D., So Yeun Park, M.D., Oh Young Lee, M.D., Byung Chul Youn, M.D., Ho Soon Choi, M.D. and Jun Soo Hahm, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;37(1):30-34. Published online July 30, 2008
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- There are many complications following gastrectomy and one of the most frequent complications is anastomosis site leakage. Postoperative leakage is a serious complication in patients after they undergo gastric surgery. It can lead to the progressive deterioration in the patient's condition and quality of life and the mortality rate is nearly 60%. We encountered a case of a 75 year-old man who had the leakage of the jejunal end of the Roux limb after total gastrectomy. We performed treatment of the leakage endoscopic clipping and detachable snaring. Hemoclips were fixed at the margin of both sides of the lesion. A detachable snare was used to bind both hemoclips, so the interval was made narrow. After snare binding, five hemoclips were used for final closure of the small interval. After treatment, the leakage of the afferent loop end was completely stopped. He resumed an oral intake and was discharged without complications. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;37:30-34)
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Hemoclipped Dieulafoy's Lesion in Giant Diverticulum in the 3rd Portion of Duodenum
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Mo Se Kim, M.D., Sung Yeun Yang, M.D., Jae Hwan Kim, M.D., Su Kyoung Kwon, M.D., Tae Hee Kim, M.D., Sang Hoon Seol, M.D., Eun Ji Noh, M.D., Doo Gun Chae, M.D.* and Jung Hae Koh, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2007;35(6):441-444. Published online December 30, 2007
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- A duodenal diverticulum is common in the second portion of the duodenum and can occur at any age. An obstruction, bleeding, perforation, diverticulitis are not an uncommon complicationa of duodenal diverticulum. As a rare complication, bleeding in the duodenal diverticulum may be massive, and duodenal diverticulum is resected primarily as a result of the difficulty in determining the site of bleeding. However, there has been a recent increase in endoscopic diagnosis and the treatment of diverticular bleeding. Band ligation increases the risk of duodenal diverticular perforation because of the thin diverticular wall. An endoscopic hemoclip is a preferable method for endoscopic sclerotherapy. We report a 48- year-old man with a giant duodenal diverticulum that was treated with a hemoclip. The duodenal diverticular perforation was treated effectively with supportive care. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2007;35:441-444)
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A Case of a Bleeding Dieulafoy's Lesion in a Duodenal Diverticulum Treated by Endoscopic Hemoclipping
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Nang Hee Kim, M.D., Kyu-Jong Kim, M.D., Seo Ryong Han, M.D., Ji Eun Park, M.D., Ji Hyeon Nam, M.D., Sung Hoon Kim, M.D., Eun Kyung Shin, M.D., Do Hyun Kim, M.D., Jun Young Song, M.D., Sung Eun Kim, M.D., Won Moon, M.D., Moo In Park, M.D. and Seun Ja Park,
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2007;35(4):258-261. Published online October 30, 2007
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- A duodenal diverticulum is common and usually originates in the second portion of the duodenum. The majority of diverticula are asymptomatic; however, they may sometimes present with symptoms such as obstruction, hemorrhage, perforation, jaundice and pancreatitis. Active bleeding from a duodenal diverticulum is rare, and moreover, Dieulafoy's lesion as a cause is quite rare with very few cases reported so far. The use of endoscopic methods instead of surgery in achieving hemostasis has been on the increase with the widespread use and improvement in endoscope instrumentation and accessories. Of these methods, the use of endoscopic hemoclipping for Dieulafoy's lesion is considered more effective and safe than the use of other methods, such as injection and thermal methods. We report here a case of a bleeding Dieulafoy's lesion in a duodenal diverticulum treated by endoscopic hemoclipping. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2007;35:258-261)
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A Case of Foreign Body Induced Esophageal Perforation Repaired by Endoscopic Clipping
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Woo Sik Han, M.D., Jong-Jae Park, M.D., Beom Jae Lee, M.D., Joo Yeon Oh, M.D., Youn Ho Kim, M.D., Sung Woo Jung, M.D., Jae Seon Kim, M.D. and Young-Tae Bak, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2007;35(1):28-32. Published online July 30, 2007
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- An esophageal perforation is a potentially life threatening condition with a high mortality rate. Although primary surgical repair is the mainstay of treatment, non-surgical management can be attempted in selected patients. The successful endoscopic closure of an esophageal perforation with metallic clips was recently reported. We report a case of an esophageal perforation caused by a dog bone and mediastinitis treated by non-surgical management consisting of parenteral nutrition, antibiotics therapy and endoscopic clipping.
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A Case of Endoscopic Hemoclip Management of Dieulafoy-like Lesion on the Hyperplastic Polyp in the Duodenum
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Nam Seon Park, M.D., Jung Hoon Song, M.D., Eun Bin Lee, M.D., Byung Kook Kang, M.D., Dae Ho Jin, M.D., Tae Hong Ahn, M.D., Yoon Ju Han, M.D. and Hyung Suk Lee, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2007;34(6):329-333. Published online June 30, 2007
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- Dieulafoy's lesion (DL) is an uncommon but important cause of massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding that has been reported to be involved in 0.3∼6.7% of cases of major gastrointestinal bleeding. The lesion usually occurs in the lesser curvature of the stomach within 6 cm of the gastroesophageal junction. Similar lesions have also been observed in the esophagus, duodenum, small intestine, colon, and rectum. Most DLs encountered in the duodenum occur in the bulb. Recently, with the advances in endoscopic techniques, the successful management of DL has been achieved through the application of a hemoclip or elastic band ligation. In particular, the application of a hemoclip is considered to be a safe and effective treatment for DL located on a relatively narrow and thin walled canal such as the duodenum. We report the successful application of endoscopic hemoclipping for the treatment of a rare Dieulafoy-like lesion on a hyperplastic polyp in the 2nd portion of the duodenum.
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Appendiceal Stump Bleeding That was Treated by Endoscopic Hemoclipping
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Se In Kim, M.D., Sang Kyoon Kim, M.D., Chang Woo You, M.D., Hyeok Jin Kwon, M.D., Sang Wook Kim, M.D. and Soo Teik Lee, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2007;34(2):108-110. Published online March 2, 2007
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- Appendiceal stump bleeding is a rare, but occasionally life-threatening complication. Significant lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage from an ulcerated appendiceal stump may occur after uncomplicated appendectomy. The common management includes ligation of the bleeding vessel or cecal resection by either emergency laparotomy or laparoscopy. Angiographic embolization of the bleeding vessel is an alternative therapeutic option. We report here on a case of gastrointestinal hemorrhage from an appendiceal stump, and this occurred six days after appendectomy. The bleeding was controlled endoscopically by placing hemoclips on the distinct vessel. The patient recovered thereafter without further intervention. Endoscopic hemoclipping is an effective and safe procedure, and it can replace emergency laparotomy, laparoscopy or angiographic embolization for treating appendiceal stump bleeding.
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Clinical Usefulness of Proton Pump Inhibitor Intravenous Treatment in Bleeding Peptic Ulcer
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Hang Lak Lee, M.D., Dong Soo Han, M.D., Byoung Kwan Son, M.D., Oh Young Lee, M.D., Yong Chul Jeon, M.D., Ju Hyun Sohn, M.D., Byung Chul Yoon, M.D., Ho Soon Choi, M.D., Joon Soo Hahm, M.D. and Jin Bae Kim, M.D.*
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2007;34(2):71-75. Published online March 2, 2007
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- Background
/Aims: Recently, high dose PPI intravenous (IV) infusion after endoscopic hemostasis was found to decrease the recurrent bleeding rate. Therefore, we conducted this study to define the effect of endoscopic hemoclipping with PPI IV infusion on the recurrent bleeding rate. Methods: We conducted a double-blinded prospective randomized control study. A total of 35 patients were endoscopically diagnosed with bleeding peptic ulcer of Forrest classification Ia, Ib, IIa between Jan. 2003 and Sep. 2003 in our hospital. We carried out epinephrine injection therapy around the ulcer, followed by hemoclipping at the exposed vessel. After controlling for endoscopic bleeding, we randomly divided the patients into two groups. One group received a PPI IV infusion (pantoprazole 80 mg/day) and the other group received a placebo for three days. Results: Only one PPI IV-infused patient and one patient receiving placebo showed recurrent bleeding at two days after endoscopic therapy. The PPI IV infusion group showed 100% (17/17) initial hemostatic rate, 5.8% (1/17) recurrent bleeding rate within 3 days, 0% (0/17) recurrent bleeding rate after 3 days, and 0% (0/17) complication rate. For these same values, the placebo group showed 100% (18/18), 5.5% (1/18), 0% (0/18), and 0% (0/18), respectively. Conclusions: PPI IV infusion showed no addictive hemostatic effect. We think hemoclipping is a very effective hemostatic method, and PPI IV infusion may not be required after appropriate endoscopic management.
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Two Cases of Rectal Dieulafoy's Lesion Treated Sucessfully with Hemoclip
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Yong Sung Ahn, M.D., Ji Young Park, M.D., Jung Hyun Lee, M.D., Hyo Jin Jung, M.D., Tae Oh Kim, M.D., Gwang Ha Kim, M.D., Jeong Heo, M.D., Dae Hwan Kang, M.D., Geun Am Song, M.D. and Mong Cho, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2006;33(1):54-57. Published online July 30, 2006
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Abstract
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- Dieulafoy's lesion is a rare cause of massive gastrointestinal bleeding. It is usually identified within the proximal stomach but has been reported in the esophagus, duodenum, small intestine, colon and rectum. Surgery was originally the treatment of choice for this lesion. However, recently, most case can be treated using endoscopic techniques including an injection of a sclerosing agent, clipping, band ligation, heater probe, and bipolar coagulation. We report 2 cases of a rectal Dieulafoy's lesion that were treated sucessfully by endoscopic clipping without complications. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2006; 33:5457)
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A Case of Endoscopic Management of Dieulafoy's Lesion in the Ampulla of Vater
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Ki Won Hwang, M.D., Jae Hyung Lee, M.D., Joo Ho Lee, M.D., Sang Yong Lee, M.D., Tae Oh Kim, M.D., Gwang Ha Kim, M.D., Jeong Heo, M.D., Dae Hwan Kang, M.D., Geun Am Song, M.D. and Mong Cho, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2006;32(5):357-359. Published online May 30, 2006
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Abstract
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- Dieulafoy's lesion is an uncommon but important cause of massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The lesion usually occurs in the lesser curvature of the stomach within 6 cm of the gastroesophageal junction but extragastric locations of Dieulafoy's lesion are rare. In this study, diagnosis of Dieulafoy's lesion was frequently made by endoscopy instead of surgery. Hemostasis was achieved by endoscopic treatment in more than 90% of patients. We report the successful application of endoscopic hemoclipping for treatment of active bleeding from Dieulafoy's lesion in the ampulla of Vater of the duodenum. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2006;32:357360)
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Two Cases of Successful Clipping Closure of Iatrogenic Duodenal Perforation Occurred during Endoscopic Procedure
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Young Jae Lee, M.D., Sin Un Lee, M.D., In O Sun, M.D., Jin Hwa Choi, M.D., Hea Un Choi, M.D., Eun Young Ko, M.D., In Suk Seo, M.D., Young Keun Cho, M.D., Seung Min Park, M.D., Yang Ho Kim, M.D., Jin Woong Cho, M.D. and Yong Ung Lee, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2006;32(3):210-214. Published online March 30, 2006
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Abstract
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- The risk of complications associated with endoscopic procedures, including bleeding and perforation, tends to increase due to the magnification of the therapeutic endoscopic spectrum. In cases of duodenal perforation, surgical closure is the treatment of choice; however, there have been some cases in which the nonsurgical treatment of an iatrogenic duodenal perforation during an endoscopic procedure was effected via endoscopic clipping closure. Here, we report two cases of successful endoscopic clipping closure of an iatrogenic duodenal perforation occur ring during a duodenoscopy insertion for ERCP and endoscopic mucosal resection for the treatment of duodenal adenoma.
(Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2006;32:210214)
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Comparison of Hemostatic Efficacy between Epinephrine Injection Alone and a Combined Therapy with Hemoclip for Bleeding Peptic Ulcers
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Hyang Eun Seo, M.D., Myung Kwon Lee, M.D., Young Doo Lee, M.D., Seong Woo Jeon, M.D., Chang Min Cho, M.D., Won Young Tak, M.D., Young Oh Kwon, M.D., Sung Kook Kim, M.D., Yong Hwan Choi, M.D. and Jong Ryul Eun, M.D.*
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2006;32(1):9-14. Published online January 30, 2006
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Abstract
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- Background
/Aims: Many studies have been performed to find the differences between using epinephrine injection alone and a combination therapy with hemoclip for bleeding peptic ulcer, but the results have been controversial. We retrospectively evaluated the hemostatic efficacy for epinephrine injection alone and injection combined with hemoclip for bleeding peptic ulcers. Methods: Four hundred patients were enrolled. They were assigned to one of the two groups: endoscopic hemostasis with injection of epinephrine (group I, n=156) and combined epinephrine injection with hemoclip (group II, n=244). Results: The continuous bleeding rate was significantly higher in group I than in group II. The recurrent bleeding rate was also significantly higher in group I than in group II. There were no statistical differences in the rates of death, emergency surgery and arterial embolization. The rates of continuous bleeding and the initial failure of hemostasis were higher for the patients with active bleeding on the initial endoscopy irrespective of the applied hemostatic methods. Conclusions: A combination of epinephrine injection and hemoclip is more effective than epinephrine injection alone for treating bleeding peptic ulcers. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2006;32:914)
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A Case of Iatrogenic Colonic Perforation Repaired by Endoscopic Clipping
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Hee Jung Lee, M.D., Tae Hee Lee, M.D., Sun Moon Kim, M.D., Euyi Hyeog Im, M.D., Kyu Chan Huh, M.D., Young Woo Choi, M.D. and Young Woo Kang, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2005;30(3):168-172. Published online March 31, 2005
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Abstract
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- As colonoscopy is widely used as a diagnostic tool in Korea, it produces many complications such as colonic bleeding and perforation. These are considered to be an usual event, not as a concept of complication. Therefore, the adverse events are given the term of incidental events, not as the complications in the recent days. Medical treatment may be offered as an alternative to surgical method for immediate management of these complications. Colonic perforation usually results in fatal and emergent condition requiring surgical intervention. Others described the application of endoclip as a therapeutic endoscopic maneuver twenty years ago, and in 1997, Yoshikane et al. used clips to close a colonic perforation after performing the endoscopic mucosal resection of an early cancer. Since then, endoscopic repairs of iatrogenic perforation have frequently been used in many cases. We report a 69 year-old man who was successfully treated by endoscopic clipping of iatrogenic colonic perforation site during polypectomy without complications. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2005;30:168172)
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Duodenal Perforation due to Hemoclipping for the Dieulafoy's Lesion in a Duodenal Diverticulum
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Hyeuk Park, M.D., Kwang Hyun Ko, M.D., Jeong Ki Kim, M.D., Hong Youp Choi, M.D., Sung Pyo Hong, M.D., Sung Kyu Hwang, M.D., Pil Won Park, M.D. and Kyu Sung Rim, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2005;30(3):160-163. Published online March 31, 2005
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- Duodenal diverticulum usually originates in the second portion of the duodenum and occasionally causes duodenal obstruction, hemorrhage, perforation and diverticulitis. A bleeding from Dieulafoy's lesion in a duodenal diverticulum is rare. It is not easily dignosed and treated by forward viewing endoscopy. Recently, a case was reported describing the hemorrhage from the Dieulafoy's lesion in a duodenal diverticulum which was treated by hemoclip with forward viewing endoscopy. Hemoclip application is considered to be the most appropriate endoscopic treatment, because sclerotherapy, electrocoagulation or band ligation for Dieulafoy's lesion in the duodenal diverticulum may increase risk of duodenal perforation. We report a case of duodenal perforation due to hemoclip application for the treatment of Dieulafoy's lesion in a duodenal diverticulum. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2005;30:160163)
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A Case of Successful Endoscopic Therapy in Iatrogenic Perforation of the Colon during Colonoscopy
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Jai Gyu Lee, M.D., Jin Woong Cho, M.D., Paul Kim, M.D., Ji Eun Lee, M.D., Jin Gyu Lee, Sung Min Lim, M.D., In Seok Seo, M.D., Yang Ho Kim, M.D. and Yong Ung Lee, M.D. M.D.,
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2004;29(4):213-216. Published online October 30, 2004
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- Colonoscopy is a safe and standard procedure for diagnosis and therapy of colonic disorders. Iatrogenic colonic perforation during diagnostic colonoscopy, a rare abdominal emergency, has an 0.3∼0.8% incidence rate. The choice of treatment for this complication remains controversial. Prompt operative intervention is preferred to minimize morbidity and mortality. However, operative intervention is invasive and needs a long-term recovery period. Conservative treatment is less invasive but can lead to more extensive surgery in case of treatment failure. Very important point on the treatment of iatrogenic perforation of the colon during diagnostic colonoscopy is to avoid the leaking of intestinal contents into the intraperitoneal cavity. We report here a case in which an iatrogenic perforation of the colon during diagnostic colonoscopy was successfully treated by endoscopic clip therapy. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2004;29:213216)
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A Case of Successful Treatment of a Bleeding Duodenal Ulcer with Endoscopic Hemoclipping in a Child
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Kon Ho Shim, M.D., Young Seok Cho, M.D., Chul Hyun Lim, M.D., Yoon Seok Koh, M.D.,Jun Chang Song, M.D., Jong Hyun Park, M.D., Sung Soo Kim, M.D., Hiun Suk Chae, M.D.,Myung Gyu Choi, M.D., Chang Don Lee, M.D., Kyu Yong Choi, M.D.,In Sik Chung, M.D. and Jin
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2004;29(2):80-84. Published online August 30, 2004
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- Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in infant and children is much less common than that in adults. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in infants and young children is most often acssociated with stress ulcer or erosions, but in older children it may also be caused by duodenal ulcer, esophagitis, and esophageal varices. Because the total blood volume of a child is relatively small and can deplete rapidly, gastrointestinal bleeding is a catastrophic event. However, it is not associated with significant mortality except in those with a severe primary illness. Data on therapeutic endoscopy for pediatric gastrointestinal bleeding are limited to case reports. The hemoclip has recently been added to armamentaria of endoscopic devices. This method has several advantages, including fewer complication and the fact that less expertise is needed to achieve permanent hemostasis. We report a case of successful endoscopic control of a bleeding duodenal ulcer using with a hemoclip in a 22-month-old boy. Endoscopic hemoclipping would be a safe and efficacious treatment for control of bleeding from peptic ulcers in children. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2004;29:8084)
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A Case of Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding due to Angiodysplasia in the Terminal Ileum
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Anna Kim, M.D., Jong Min Lee, M.D., Jane Oh, M.D. and Gye Sung Lee, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2004;28(4):197-201. Published online April 30, 2004
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- Angiodysplasia has been recognized as an important cause of lower gastrointestinal
bleeding, but it is difficult to confirm the lesions. Angiodysplasia in the small bowel could be the
most probable cause of bleeding particularly in the elderly patients when usual methods fail to
document the focus. Small bowel angiodysplasias have been diagnosed by angiography and/or
surgery at the sites where usual endoscope could not reach, and treated by medical therapy,
angiographic embolization or surgery. We experienced a case of a bleeding angiodysplasia in the
terminal ileum in a 51-year-old man who was taking anti-platelet agents. The lesion was diagnosed
by colonoscopy, and bleeding was easily controlled with hemoclipping. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc
2004;28:197201)
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A Case of Lower GI Bleeding from Portal Hypertensive Colopathy Successfully Treated
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Ji Song Ko, M.D., Ju Sang Kim, M.D., Chee Ho Noh, M.D., Do Young Kim, M.D., Jong
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2004;28(2):97-101. Published online March 1, 2004
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- Cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension are often found to have changes in their
colonic mucosa. Such mucosal changes are termed portal hypertensive colopathy. Most patients with
portal hypertension remained asymptomatic but some may show massive bleeding. The mainstay of
treatment for portal hypertensive gastropathy include non-surgical methods such as octreotide
injection, endoscopic hemostasis, and interventional methods such as TIPS. However, treatment for
portal hypertensive colopathy remained unresolved. The authors here report a case of a 41 year old male
with liver cirrhosis admitted for fever and abdominal pain, who reported an episode of hematochezia in
the course of admisssion period. Subsequent colonoscopy revealed angiodysplasia-like lesions
throughout the entire colon. We observed that such lesions were the source of hematochezia and that
direct clipping with octreotide injection was successful in controlling the bleeding. (Korean J Gastrointest
Endosc 2004;28:97101)