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Review
Post-polypectomy colorectal bleeding: current strategies and the way forward
Nilanga Nishad, Mo Hameed Thoufeeq
Clin Endosc 2025;58(2):191-200.   Published online November 27, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.241
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Post-endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) bleeding, or clinically significant post-EMR bleeding, is influenced by factors such as polyp size, right-sided colonic lesions, laterally spreading tumors, anticoagulant use, and comorbidities like cardiovascular or chronic renal disease. The optimal prophylactic therapy for post-EMR bleeding remains unknown, with no consensus on specific criteria for its application. Moreover, prophylactic measures, including clipping, suturing, and coagulation, have produced mixed results. Selective clipping in high-risk patients is cost-effective, whereas universal clipping is not. Studies and meta-analyses indicate that routine prophylactic clipping does not generally reduce post-polypectomy bleeding but may be beneficial in cases of large proximal lesions. Some studies have revealed that the post-polypectomy bleeding risk after EMR of transverse colonic lesions is lower than that of the ascending colon and caecum, suggesting limited efficacy of clipping in the transverse colon. Cost-effectiveness studies support selective clipping in high-risk groups, and newer static agents such as PuraStat are alternatives; however, their cost-effectiveness is undetermined. Further research is required to establish clear guidelines and refine prophylactic strategies to prevent post-EMR bleeding.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Prophylactic clipping versus no clipping after endoscopic mucosal resection of large non-pedunculated colon polyps: a cost-effectiveness analysis
    Sneh Sonaiya, Raj Patel, Charmy Parikh, Magnus Chun, Amrit Narwan, Karan Yagnik, Pranav Patel, Bradley Confer, Harshit Khara, Babu P. Mohan
    Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Over-the-Scope Clip vs Standard Endoscopic Therapy as First-Line Intervention for Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
    Sneh Sonaiya, Sahib Singh, Tooba Laeeq, Vaishnavi Modi, Magnus Chun, Pranav Patel, Vignan Manne, Babu P. Mohan
    Techniques and Innovations in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2025; 27(4): 250935.     CrossRef
  • Cold snare polypectomy versus hot snare polypectomy for small pedunculated polyps: a cost-effectiveness analysis
    Sneh Sonaiya, Raj Patel, Dushyant Singh Dahiya, Shahryar Khan, Charmy Parikh, Mark Stasiewicz, Pranav D. Patel, Kyaw Min Tun, Bradley Confer, Harshit S. Khara, Sumant Inamdar, Vignan Manne, Babu P. Mohan, Douglas G. Adler
    Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Cold Versus Hot Endoscopic Mucosal Resection for ≥15 mm Large Nonpedunculated Colorectal Polyps
    Sneh Sonaiya, Dushyant S. Dahiya, Raj Patel, Shahryar Khan, Charmy Parikh, Karan Yagnik, Chun-Han Lo, Kyaw Min Tun, Pranav D. Patel, Bradley Confer, Harshit S. Khara, Sumant Inamdar, Babu P. Mohan
    Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 13,129 View
  • 666 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 4 Crossref
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Original Article
Application of a traction metal clip with a fishhook-like device in wound sutures after endoscopic resection
Wang Fangjun, Leng Xia, Gao Yi, Shen Xiuyun, Wang Wenping, Liu Huamin, Liu Pengfei
Clin Endosc 2022;55(4):525-531.   Published online July 28, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2021.241
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Background
/Aims: Endoscopic wound suturing is an important factor that affects the ability to remove large and full-thickness lesions during endoscopic resection. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a traction metal clip with a fishhook-like device on wound sutures after endoscopic resection.
Methods
From July 2020 to April 2021, patients who met the enrollment criteria were treated with a fishhook-like device during the operation to suture the postoperative wound (group A). Patients with similar conditions and similar size wounds who were treated with a “purse-string suture” to suture the wounds were retrospectively analyzed as the control group (group B). Difference in the suture rate, adverse events, time required for suturing, and number of metal clips were compared between the two groups.
Results
The time required for suturing was 7.72±0.51 minutes in group A and 11.50±0.91 minutes in group B. This difference was statistically significant (F=13.071, p=0.001). The number of metal clamps used in group A averaged 8.1 pieces/case, and the number of metal clamps used in group B averaged 7.3 pieces/case. This difference was not statistically significant (F=0.971, p>0.05).
Conclusions
The traction metal clip with the fishhook-like device is ingeniously designed and easy to operate. It has a good suture effect on the wound after endoscopic submucosal dissection and effectively prevents postoperative adverse events.
  • 4,394 View
  • 131 Download
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Review
Endoscopic clipping in non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding treatment
Giuseppe Galloro, Angelo Zullo, Gaetano Luglio, Alessia Chini, Donato Alessandro Telesca, Rosa Maione, Matteo Pollastro, Giovanni Domenico De Palma, Raffaele Manta
Clin Endosc 2022;55(3):339-346.   Published online April 28, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2021.249
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Since the earliest reports, advanced clipping systems have been developed, and it is possible to choose among many models with different structural and technical features. The main drawback of through-the-scope clips is their small size, which allows the compression of limited amounts of tissue needed for large-size vessel treatment. Therefore, the over-the-scope clip system was realized, allowing a larger and stronger mechanical compression of large tissue areas, with excellent results in achieving a definitive hemostasis in difficult cases. Many studies have analyzed the indications and efficacy of two-pronged endoclips and have shown good results for initial and permanent hemostasis. The aim of this review was to provide updated information on indications, positioning techniques, and results of clip application for endoscopic treatment of upper gastrointestinal non-variceal bleeding lesions.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Advancements in Endoscopic Closure
    Lizeth Cifuentes, Harkirat Singh, Sultan Mahmood
    Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Narrative Review of Management Strategies and Risk Mitigation for Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Receiving Warfarin
    Abbas Sarvari Soltani, Ali Ebrahimi Nasab, Mehdi Hassani Ahangar, Mahan Khani, Sina Hemmati Bi'aragh, Kimia Rasouli, Reza Afsahi, Ramtin Pourahmad
    Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Evaluating the efficacy of a novel hemostatic powder compared with traditional treatments in nonvariceal upper GI bleeding: a multicenter, randomized, noninferiority study
    Da Hyun Jung, Jun Chul Park, Joon Sung Kim, Moon Won Lee, Hyuk Lee, Gwang Ha Kim
    Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2025; 101(4): 792.     CrossRef
  • Endoscopic management of upper non-variceal and lower gastrointestinal bleeding: Where do we stand?
    Grigorios Christodoulidis, Kyriaki Tsagkidou, Dimitra Bartzi, Ioana Alexandra Prisacariu, Eirini Sara Agko
    World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Endoscopic Closure Techniques for Perforations, Leaks, and Fistulae: Review Article
    José Damasceno e Costa, Rita Seara Costa, Joana Neves, Patrícia Conde, Andreia Guimarães, Aníbal Ferreira
    GE - Portuguese Journal of Gastroenterology.2025; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Adverse Events of Endoscopic Clip Placement
    Daryl Ramai, Smit S. Deliwala, Daniel Mozell, Antonio Facciorusso, Saurabh Chandan, Alana Persaud, Kelita Singh, Andrea Anderloni, Monique T. Barakat
    Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology.2024; 58(1): 76.     CrossRef
  • Right tool for the right bleeder
    Ding Ek Toh, Sheng Wei Lo, Andrew Tsoi, Jonathan P Segal, Joshua Butt
    Gut.2024; 73(1): 206.     CrossRef
  • Could a bleeding-sensor device be established as a new paradigm for detecting upper gastrointestinal bleeding before performing endoscopy?
    Sun Gyo Lim
    Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(2): 191.     CrossRef
  • Usage of Padlock Over-the-Scope-Clip in Difficult-to-Control Recurrent Gastrointestinal Bleeding Due to a Gastric Dieulafoy Lesion
    John Joyce, Vishnu Kumar, Dayana Nasr, Ganesh Aswath, Hafiz M. Khan, Savio John
    Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Comparison of mechanical and thermal therapy in upper gastrointestinal bleeding: an analysis of efficacy outcomes
    Rahul Karna, Bandhul Hans, Thayer Nasereddin, Dhruv Chaudhary, Manish Dhawan
    Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings.2024; 37(5): 734.     CrossRef
  • Turn over the new leaf of the treatment in peptic ulcer bleeding: a review of the literature
    Meng-Hsuan Lu, Hsueh-Chien Chiang
    Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Current status and clinical outcome of endoscopic hemostatic powder in gastrointestinal bleeding: a retrospective multicenter study
    Zie Hae Lim, Seung In Seo, Dae-Seong Myung, Seung Han Kim, Han Hee Lee, Selen Kim, Bo-In Lee
    Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(5): 620.     CrossRef
  • Sustained Hemostasis With the Padlock™ Over-the-scope Clip for Gastric Fundus Dieulafoy’s Lesion in the Setting of Anticoagulation Following Hemorrhagic Shock From Two Dieulafoy’s Lesions
    Jonathan J Cho, Chelsea M Forbes, Benjamin D Fiore, Joshua D McCarron, Leybelis Padilla
    Military Medicine.2023; 188(9-10): e3265.     CrossRef
  • Management of complications related to colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection
    Tae-Geun Gweon, Dong-Hoon Yang
    Clinical Endoscopy.2023; 56(4): 423.     CrossRef
  • Novel removable endoscopic clip: Usefulness in failure of traction method during endoscopic submucosal dissection
    Nobukazu Agatsuma, Takahiro Utsumi, Hirokazu Higuchi, Takahiro Inoue, Yukari Tanaka, Yuki Nakanishi, Hiroshi Seno
    Endoscopy.2023; 55(S 01): E1031.     CrossRef
  • 13,991 View
  • 429 Download
  • 14 Web of Science
  • 15 Crossref
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Focused Review Series: Endoscopic Management of Postoperative Gastrointestinal Complication: What’s New?
Over-the-Scope Clip in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Leaks and Perforations
Mike T. Wei, Ji Yong Ahn, Shai Friedland
Clin Endosc 2021;54(6):798-804.   Published online November 30, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2021.250
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
While perforations, postoperative fistulas, and leaks have traditionally led to surgical or interventional radiology consultation for management, the introduction of the over-the-scope clip has allowed increased therapeutic possibilities for endoscopists. While primarily limited to case reports and series, the over-the-scope clip successfully manages gastrointestinal bleeding, perforations, as well as postoperative leaks and fistulas. Retrospective studies have demonstrated a relatively high success rate and a low complication rate. Given the similarity to variceal banding equipment, the learning curve with the over-the-scope clip is rapid. However, given the higher risk of procedures involving the use of the over-the-scope clip, it is essential to obtain the scope in a stable position and grasp sufficient tissue with the cap using a grasping tool and/or suction. From our experience, while closure may be successful in lesions sized up to 3 cm, successful outcomes are obtained for lesions sized <1 cm. Ultimately, given the limited available data, prospective randomized trials are needed to better evaluate the utility of the over-the-scope clip in various clinical scenarios, including fistula and perforation management.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Advancements in Endoscopic Closure
    Lizeth Cifuentes, Harkirat Singh, Sultan Mahmood
    Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Over-the-scope clip for postsurgical anastomotic dehiscence and bleeding
    Eduardo Rodríguez-Hernández, Masayoshi Yamada, Takayuki Yamazaki, Shunsuke Tsukamoto, Yutaka Saito
    VideoGIE.2025; 10(1): 57.     CrossRef
  • Treatment of duodenal fistula with combined endoscopic therapy: modified endoscopic vacuum, endoscopic internal drainage, and the over-the-scope clip
    Gustavo de Carvalho Bertaccini Guriam, Thiago de Castro Mendonça Furtado, Rodrigo Chini, Eduardo Garcia Pacheco, Luiza Ochi Delmonaco, Gustavo Murad Pinton, José Antônio Mansur Mendes, Valeria da Costa Santos
    VideoGIE.2025; 10(6): 314.     CrossRef
  • Tack-only fixation of lumen-apposing metal stents: leave the suture at home
    Yara Salameh, Hadi K. Abou Zeid, Kamal Abi Mosleh, Andrew C. Storm
    VideoGIE.2025; 10(10): 524.     CrossRef
  • Detachable over-the-scope clip for colon defects in the trans intestinal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic cholecystolithotomy: A case report
    Pei Li, Rong-Rong Ding, Jiang Liu, Ming-Qing Zhang, Yan Liu
    World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Polyglycolic acid-cyanoacrylate complex for prevention of major intestinal anastomotic leakage in a rat model: an experimental animal study
    Chinock Cheong, Hyun Myung Doo, YeonUk Ju, Jun-Woo Bong, Sang-Hee Kang, Sun-Il Lee, Byung Wook Min, You-Jin Jang, Won Jun Seo, Jong-Han Kim
    Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2025; 109(5): 335.     CrossRef
  • A Multicenter Survey of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy in 2019 at Korean Medical Institutions
    Jun Woo Park, Tae Gyun Kim, Kwang Bum Cho, Jeong Seok Kim, Jin Woong Cho, Jung Won Jeon, Sun Gyo Lim, Chan Gyoo Kim, Hong Jun Park, Tae Jun Kim, Eun Sun Kim, Su Jin Jeong, Yong Hwan Kwon
    Gut and Liver.2024; 18(1): 77.     CrossRef
  • Clinical Practice Guideline for Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy
    Chung Hyun Tae, Ju Yup Lee, Moon Kyung Joo, Chan Hyuk Park, Eun Jeong Gong, Cheol Min Shin, Hyun Lim, Hyuk Soon Choi, Miyoung Choi, Sang Hoon Kim, Chul-Hyun Lim, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Ki-Nam Shim, Geun Am Song, Moon Sung Lee, Jong-Jae Park, Oh Young Lee
    Gut and Liver.2024; 18(1): 10.     CrossRef
  • Metabolic and bariatric surgery: an update from 2010
    Bao-Ngoc Nasri, Robert B. Lim, James Ellsmere, Alisha R. Fernandes, Daniel B. Jones
    Current Problems in Surgery.2024; 61(11): 101549.     CrossRef
  • Turn over the new leaf of the treatment in peptic ulcer bleeding: a review of the literature
    Meng-Hsuan Lu, Hsueh-Chien Chiang
    Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Cierre de fistula esófago-yeyunal post operatoria con clips endoscópicos de titanio y over-the-scope clip: reporte de caso
    Lázaro Arango Molano, Andrés Sánchez Gil, Gian Núñez Rojas, Herney Solarte Pineda, Santiago Salazar Ochoa
    Revista de Gastroenterología del Perú.2024; 44(4): 406.     CrossRef
  • Use of anchor pronged clips to close complex polyp resection defects
    Mike Tzuhen Wei, Shai Friedland
    VideoGIE.2023; 8(6): 245.     CrossRef
  • Novel endoscopic management of gastroenterological anastomosis leakage by injecting gel-forming solutions: an experimental animal study
    Yusuke Watanabe, Keiko Yamamoto, Zijian Yang, Haruna Tsuchibora, Masakazu Fujii, Masayoshi Ono, Shoko Ono, Takayuki Kurokawa, Naoya Sakamoto
    Surgical Endoscopy.2023; 37(10): 8029.     CrossRef
  • Clinical practice guidelines for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
    Chung Hyun Tae, Ju Yup Lee, Moon Kyung Joo, Chan Hyuk Park, Eun Jeong Gong, Cheol Min Shin, Hyun Lim, Hyuk Soon Choi, Miyoung Choi, Sang Hoon Kim, Chul-Hyun Lim, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Ki-Nam Shim, Geun Am Song, Moon Sung Lee, Jong-Jae Park, Oh Young Lee
    Clinical Endoscopy.2023; 56(4): 391.     CrossRef
  • Management of complications related to colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection
    Tae-Geun Gweon, Dong-Hoon Yang
    Clinical Endoscopy.2023; 56(4): 423.     CrossRef
  • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Obesity: Bariatric Surgery as Both the Cause and the Cure in the Morbidly Obese Population
    Muaaz Masood, Donald Low, Shanley B. Deal, Richard A. Kozarek
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(17): 5543.     CrossRef
  • Clinical Practice Guideline for Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy
    Chung Hyun Tae, Ju Yup Lee, Moon Kyung Joo, Chan Hyuk Park, Eun Jeong Gong, Cheol Min Shin, Hyun Lim, Hyuk Soon Choi, Miyoung Choi, Sang Hoon Kim, Chul-Hyun Lim, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Ki-Nam Shim, Geun Am Song, Moon Sung Lee, Jong-Jae Park, Oh Young Lee
    The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 82(3): 107.     CrossRef
  • Endoscopic Management of Esophageal Cancer
    Christopher Paiji, Alireza Sedarat
    Cancers.2022; 14(15): 3583.     CrossRef
  • Use of a novel dual-action clip for closure of complex endoscopic resection defects
    Mike Tzuhen Wei, Shai Friedland
    VideoGIE.2022; 7(11): 389.     CrossRef
  • 7,867 View
  • 186 Download
  • 12 Web of Science
  • 19 Crossref
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Case Report
Endoscopic hemostasis using an over-the-scope clip for massive bleeding after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy removal: a case report
Sun Young Moon, Min Kyu Jung, Jun Heo
Clin Endosc 2022;55(3):443-446.   Published online May 25, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2020.294
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a common method for providing long-term enteral nutrition to patients. PEG tube placement and removal are relatively safe; generally, a PEG tube can be removed using gentle traction, and excessive bleeding is rare. The over-the-scope clip system is a new device that can be used for gastrointestinal hemostasis and for closing gastrointestinal fistulae. In the present case, a 68-year-old male patient had to remove the PEG tube because of persistent leakage around the PEG tube. Although it was gently removed using traction, incessant bleeding continued, with a Rockall score of 5 points, even after hemocoagulation was attempted. An over-the-scope clip device was used to achieve hemostasis and fistula closure.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Life-Threatening Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding following Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Tube Removal under Traction: A Case Report
    Christopher J. Shephard, Xiaomin Ma, Rozemary Karamatic
    Case Reports in Gastroenterology.2025; 20(1): 16.     CrossRef
  • Clinical Practice Guideline for Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy
    Chung Hyun Tae, Ju Yup Lee, Moon Kyung Joo, Chan Hyuk Park, Eun Jeong Gong, Cheol Min Shin, Hyun Lim, Hyuk Soon Choi, Miyoung Choi, Sang Hoon Kim, Chul-Hyun Lim, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Ki-Nam Shim, Geun Am Song, Moon Sung Lee, Jong-Jae Park, Oh Young Lee
    Gut and Liver.2024; 18(1): 10.     CrossRef
  • Clinical practice guidelines for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
    Chung Hyun Tae, Ju Yup Lee, Moon Kyung Joo, Chan Hyuk Park, Eun Jeong Gong, Cheol Min Shin, Hyun Lim, Hyuk Soon Choi, Miyoung Choi, Sang Hoon Kim, Chul-Hyun Lim, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Ki-Nam Shim, Geun Am Song, Moon Sung Lee, Jong-Jae Park, Oh Young Lee
    Clinical Endoscopy.2023; 56(4): 391.     CrossRef
  • Clinical Practice Guideline for Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy
    Chung Hyun Tae, Ju Yup Lee, Moon Kyung Joo, Chan Hyuk Park, Eun Jeong Gong, Cheol Min Shin, Hyun Lim, Hyuk Soon Choi, Miyoung Choi, Sang Hoon Kim, Chul-Hyun Lim, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Ki-Nam Shim, Geun Am Song, Moon Sung Lee, Jong-Jae Park, Oh Young Lee
    The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 82(3): 107.     CrossRef
  • 5,493 View
  • 173 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 4 Crossref
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Original Articles
The Use of Endoscopic Clipping in Preventing Delayed Complications after Endoscopic Resection for Superficial Non-Ampullary Duodenal Tumors
Jee Young An, Byung-Wook Kim, Joon Sung Kim, Jae-Myung Park, Tae Ho Kim, Jaesin Lee
Clin Endosc 2021;54(4):563-569.   Published online November 24, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2020.109
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background
/Aims: Endoscopic resection (ER) has recently been accepted as the standard treatment modality for superficial nonampullary duodenal tumors (SNADTs). However, the procedure can cause adverse events such as perforation and bleeding. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of prophylactic clipping in the prevention of delayed complications.
Methods
A retrospective review of the medical records of patients who underwent ER for SNADT from 3 centers was performed. Patients were divided into 2 groups: the immediate clipping group (ICG) and the no clipping group (NCG). Various baseline characteristics and factors associated with the appearance of delayed complications, such as size of the lesion, tumor location, histologic type, and co-morbidities, were compared between the two groups.
Results
A total of 99 lesions from 99 patients were included in this study. Fifty-two patients were allocated into ICG and 47 patients were allocated into NCG. Delayed bleeding occurred in 1 patient from ICG and in 8 patients from NCG. Delayed perforation occurred in 1 patient from ICG and in 3 patients from NCG. There were no procedure-related deaths in both groups.
Conclusions
Although the use of endoscopic clipping seemed to reduce the risk of developing delayed complications, further studies using a prospective design is required.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Endoscopic Resection for Superficial Non-Ampullary Duodenal Epithelial Tumors
    Hye Kyung Jeon, Gwang Ha Kim
    Gut and Liver.2025; 19(1): 19.     CrossRef
  • Prophylactic clipping prevents delayed bleeding after endoscopic mucosal resection of large non-ampullary duodenal lateral spreading lesions
    Gijs Kemper, Christian Gerges, Anton Jonkers, Torsten Beyna, Peter Siersema
    Endoscopy International Open.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Effect of Tegoprazan on the Treatment of Endoscopic Resection-Induced Artificial Ulcers: A Multicenter, Randomized, Active-Controlled Study
    Byung-Wook Kim, Jong Jae Park, Hee Seok Moon, Wan Sik Lee, Ki-Nam Shim, Gwang Ho Baik, Yun Jeong Lim, Hang Lak Lee, Young Hoon Youn, Jun Chul Park, In-Kyung Sung, Hyunsoo Chung, Jeong Seop Moon, Gwang Ha Kim, Su Jin Hong, Hyuk Soon Choi
    Gut and Liver.2024; 18(2): 257.     CrossRef
  • Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors: A review
    Zheng Zhao, Yue Jiao, Shuyue Yang, Anni Zhou, Guiping Zhao, Shuilong Guo, Peng Li, Shutian Zhang
    Journal of Translational Internal Medicine.2023; 11(3): 206.     CrossRef
  • Long-term outcomes of endoscopic resection for duodenal neuroendocrine tumors
    Kiyoun Yi, Gwang Ha Kim, Su Jin Kim, Cheol Woong Choi, Moon Won Lee, Bong Eun Lee, Geun Am Song
    Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Endoscopic clipping in non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding treatment
    Giuseppe Galloro, Angelo Zullo, Gaetano Luglio, Alessia Chini, Donato Alessandro Telesca, Rosa Maione, Matteo Pollastro, Giovanni Domenico De Palma, Raffaele Manta
    Clinical Endoscopy.2022; 55(3): 339.     CrossRef
  • Endoscopic Closure After Endoscopic Resection for Superficial Non-Ampullary Duodenal Tumors
    Satoshi Tanabe, Takuya Wada
    Clinical Endoscopy.2021; 54(4): 453.     CrossRef
  • 5,400 View
  • 91 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • 7 Crossref
Close layer
Endoscopic Management with a Novel Over-The-Scope Padlock Clip System
Mahesh Kumar Goenka, Gajanan Ashokrao Rodge, Indrajeet Kumar Tiwary
Clin Endosc 2019;52(6):574-580.   Published online November 26, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2019.122
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background
/Aims: The Padlock clip is a recently introduced over-the-scope clip (OTSC) that requires the use of an alternate technique and has a different design from previous OTSCs. However, data regarding its clinical use are limited. The aim of this study is to present our clinical experience using this novel Padlock clip system.
Methods
Between September 2018 and June 2019, 7 consecutive patients underwent Padlock clip application at our center by an experienced endoscopist. A Padlock clip was used for achieving hemostasis in 4 patients presenting with gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, as well as for endoscopic full-thickness resection in the remaining 3 patients.
Results
All 7 patients achieved technical as well as clinical success, with absence of complications or rebleeding, during a follow-up of a minimum of 3 weeks. All patients were hospitalized post procedure for a minimum of 48 hours, and an absence of adverse events was noted in our patient population throughout the procedure and post-procedure period. Antiplatelet therapy was reinstated shortly after the application of the Padlock clip, with no GI bleeding observed.
Conclusions
The Padlock clip is a novel OTSC, with benefits that include safe, simple, and rapid deployment. Antiplatelet therapy may be reinstated for patients, when necessary, shortly after applying the Padlock clip due to full-thickness closure of the tissue.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Impact of Size on Endoluminal Approaches to Submucosal Tumors of the Stomach
    Jad P. AbiMansour, Ryan J. Law
    Foregut: The Journal of the American Foregut Society.2025; 5(1): 52.     CrossRef
  • Endoscopic management of leakage at the lateral intersections of double-stapled anastomosis using clipping and detachable snaring in laparoscopic low anterior resection
    Youngjin Kim, Jesung Park, Ji Won Park
    Journal of Innovative Medical Technology.2025; 3(1): 29.     CrossRef
  • Over-The-Scope Clip Misdeployment Resulting in Acute Cholangitis and Biliary Pancreatitis
    Aniruddha Srivastava, Luay M. Almassalha, Laurens P. Janssens, Srinadh Komanduri, Saad Saffo
    ACG Case Reports Journal.2025; 12(7): e01765.     CrossRef
  • Gastrointestinal Fistulas—What Gastroenterologists Need to Know in 2025
    Monjur Ahmed, Aniruddha Pratap Singh
    Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Advancements in endoscopic closure: Embracing a new era of managing complications and postprocedural defects after endoscopic submucosal dissection
    Michał Spychalski, Zofia Orzeszko, Przemysław Kasprzyk
    World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Updates on the Prevention and Management of Post-Polypectomy Bleeding in the Colon
    Hisham Wehbe, Aditya Gutta, Mark A. Gromski
    Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America.2024; 34(2): 363.     CrossRef
  • Advancements in endoscopic hemostasis for non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding
    Xue Jing Li, Brian M Fung
    World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2024; 16(7): 376.     CrossRef
  • Usage of Padlock Over-the-Scope-Clip in Difficult-to-Control Recurrent Gastrointestinal Bleeding Due to a Gastric Dieulafoy Lesion
    John Joyce, Vishnu Kumar, Dayana Nasr, Ganesh Aswath, Hafiz M. Khan, Savio John
    Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Analysis of Reported Adverse Events Related to Over-the-Scope Clips: A MAUDE Database Analysis
    Daniyal Abbas, Mohamed Abdallah, Khalid Ahmed, Abubaker O. Abdalla, Nicholas McDonald, Shifa Umar, Brian J. Hanson, Mohammad Bilal
    Techniques and Innovations in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2023; 25(2): 106.     CrossRef
  • Colonic diverticular bleeding: An update on pathogenesis and management
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    Disease-a-Month.2023; 69(11): 101543.     CrossRef
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Case Reports
Successful Closure of a Benign Refractory Tracheoesophageal Fistula Using an Over-the-Scope Clip after Failed Esophageal Stent Placement and Surgical Management
Nonthalee Pausawasdi, Chotirot Angkurawaranon, Tanyaporn Chantarojanasiri, Arunchai Chang, Wanchai Wongkornrat, Somchai Leelakusolvong, Asada Methasate
Clin Endosc 2020;53(3):361-365.   Published online October 28, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2019.106
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Tracheoesophageal fistulas (TEFs) have traditionally been managed surgically, but the endoscopic approach is widely performed as a less invasive alternative. Different closure techniques have been proposed with inconsistent results. An over-the-scope clip (OTSC) appears to be a reasonable option, but long-term results have not been well defined. We report the long-term outcomes of a complex case of successful closure of a benign refractory TEF using an OTSC after failed surgical management and esophageal stent placement.

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Full-Thickness Resection Device for Complex Colorectal Lesions in High-Risk Patients as a Last-Resort Endoscopic Treatment: Initial Clinical Experience and Review of the Current Literature
Edris Wedi, Beatrice Orlandini, Mark Gromski, Carlo Felix Maria Jung, Irina Tchoumak, Stephanie Boucher, Volker Ellenrieder, Jürgen Hochberger
Clin Endosc 2018;51(1):103-108.   Published online January 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2017.093
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
The full-thickness resection device (FTRD) is a novel endoscopic device approved for the resection of colorectal lesions. This case-series describes the device and its use in high-risk patients with colorectal lesions and provides an overview of the potential indications in recently published data.
Between December 2014 and September 2015, 3 patients underwent endoscopic full thickness resection using the FTRD for colorectal lesions: 1 case for a T1 adenocarcinoma in the region of a surgical anastomosis after recto-sigmoidectomy, 1 case for a non-lifting colonic adenoma with low-grade dysplasia in an 89-year old patient and 1 for a recurrent adenoma with high-grade dysplasia in a young patient with ulcerative rectocolitis who was under immunosuppression after renal transplantation. Both technical and clinical success rates were achieved in all cases. The size of removed lesions ranged from 9 to 30 mm.
Overall, the most frequent indication in the literature has been for lifting or non-lifting adenoma, submucosal tumors, neuroendocrin tumors, incomplete endoscopic resection (R1) or T1 carcinoma.
Colorectal FTRD is a feasible technique for the treatment of colorectal lesions and represents a minimally invasive alternative for either surgical or conventional endoscopic resection strategies.

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Original Article
Efficacy of the Over-the-Scope Clip System for Treatment of Gastrointestinal Fistulas, Leaks, and Perforations: A Korean Multi-Center Study
Hang Lak Lee, Joo Young Cho, Jun-Hyung Cho, Jong Jae Park, Chan Gyoo Kim, Seong Hwan Kim, Joung-Ho Han
Clin Endosc 2018;51(1):61-65.   Published online August 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2017.027
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background
/Aims: Currently, a new over-the-scope clip (OTSC) system has been introduced. This system has been used for gastrointestinal perforations and fistulas in other countries. The aim of our study is to examine the therapeutic success rate of endoscopic treatment using the OTSC system in Korea.
Methods
This was a multicenter prospective study. A total of seven endoscopists at seven centers performed this procedure.
Results
A total of 19 patients were included, with gastrointestinal leakages from anastomosis sites, fistulas, or esophageal perforations due to Boerhaave’s syndrome. Among these, there were three gastrojejunostomy sites, three esophagojejunostomy sites, four esophagogastrostomy sites, one esophagocolonostomy site, one jejuno-jejunal site, two endoscopic full thickness resection site closures, one Boerhaave’s syndrome, two esophago-bronchial fistulas, one gastrocolonic fistula, and one colonopseudocyst fistula. The size of the leakage ranged from 5 to 30 mm. The median procedure time was 16 min. All cases were technically successful. Complete closure of the leak was achieved in 14 of 19 patients using OTSC alone.
Conclusions
The OTSC system is a safe and effective method for the management of gastrointestinal leakage, especially in cases of anastomotic leakage after surgery.

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Case Report
Combined Endoscopic and Surgical Treatment of Severe Gastrointestinal Bleeding in a Patient with Heart Assist Device under Therapeutic Anticoagulation
Edris Wedi, Mohamed Bounnah, Riccardo Memeo, Carlo Jung
Clin Endosc 2017;50(6):598-601.   Published online June 1, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2017.024
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a common complication after heart assist device placement. Reasons for bleeding are multifactorial. Endoscopic therapy is the treatment of choice, whereas invasive procedures are avoided in these critically ill patients. We present the case of a 65-year-old male patient experiencing severe GI bleeding after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and right ventricular assist device (RVAD) placement with therapeutic anticoagulation. Endoscopically, multiple gastric bleeding sources were found but could not be treated effectively due to a large blood clot. A combined endoscopic and surgical treatment was initiated, including gastrotomy for blood clot removal, surgical transgastric suturing, endoscopic over-the-scope clip (OTSC) placement and hemospray application. Postoperative endoscopic visualization showed effective bleeding control. The patient unfortunately died due to causes unrelated to the treatment. This case shows that a minimal invasive combination of endoscopic and surgical techniques can be an alternative treatment for severe upper GI bleeding in critically ill and anticoagulated patients.
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Original Article
Endoscopic Management of Gastrointestinal Leaks and Bleeding with the Over-the-Scope Clip: A Prospective Study
Mahesh Kumar Goenka, Vijay Kumar Rai, Usha Goenka, Indrajit Kumar Tiwary
Clin Endosc 2017;50(1):58-63.   Published online October 31, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2016.028
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background
/Aims: The over-the-scope clip (OTSC) is a device used for endoscopic closure of perforations, leaks and fistulas, and for endoscopic hemostasis. To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of OTSC.
Methods
Between October 2013 and November 2015, 12 patients underwent OTSC placement by an experienced endoscopist. OTSC was used for the closure of gastrointestinal (GI) leaks and fistula in six patients, three of which were iatrogenic (esophageal, gastric, and duodenal) and three of which were inflammatory. In six patients, OTSC was used for hemostasis of non-variceal upper GI bleeding. Endoscopic tattooing using India ink was used to assist the accurate placement of the clip.
Results
All subjects except one with a colonic defect experienced immediate technical success as well as long-term clinical success, during a mean follow-up of 6 weeks. Only one clip was required to close each of the GI defects and to achieve hemostasis in all patients. There were no misfirings or complications of clips. The procedure was well tolerated, and patients were hospitalized for an average of 8 days (range, 3 to 10). Antiplatelet therapy was continued in patients with GI bleeding.
Conclusions
In our experience, OTSC was safe and effective for the closure of GI defect and to achieve hemostasis of non-variceal GI bleeding.

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Review
Recent Developments in the Endoscopic Treatment of Patients with Peptic Ulcer Bleeding
Jae-Young Jang
Clin Endosc 2016;49(5):417-420.   Published online September 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2016.135
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Peptic ulcer bleeding is an internal medical emergency. Endoscopic hemostasis has been shown to improve the survival rate of patients with peptic ulcer bleeding. Although the established hemostatic modalities, including injection, thermal therapy, and mechanical therapy, are effective in controlling peptic ulcer bleeding, hemostasis can be difficult to achieve in some cases. As a result, recent, new endoscopic hemostatic modalities, including over-the-scope clips, topical hemostatic sprays, and endoscopic ultrasonography-guided angiotherapy, have been developed.

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Case Reports
Utility of Over-the-Scope Clipping for Closure of a Persistent Post-Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Fistula under Long-Term Steroid Therapy
Yoshihisa Arao, Yuichi Sato, Satoru Hashimoto, Hiroki Honda, Kazumi Yoko, Masaaki Takamura, Ken-ichi Mizuno, Masaaki Kobayashi
Clin Endosc 2015;48(6):563-565.   Published online November 30, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2015.48.6.563
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
A 50-year-old woman had a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placed after surgery for pharyngeal cancer. After 21 months, the PEG tube was removed due to improvement of per-oral ingestion. She had taken prednisolone for 31 years for systemic lupus erythematosus. The post-PEG fistula did not close spontaneously. The cause of the fistula was slow wound healing and gastrostomy site inflammation due to long-term steroid therapy. We were able to close the fistula with an over-the-scope clipping (OTSC) system. This case suggests that OTSC is useful for closing persistent post-PEG fistulas in patients receiving long-term prednisolone therapy.

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  • UEG Week 2016 Poster Presentations

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Close layer
Treatment of Traumatic Esophagopleural Fistula Using the Over-the-Scope-Clip System
Ji Hyoung Kim, Jong-Jae Park, Il Woo Jung, Sang Hoon Kim, Hee Dong Kim, Jung Wan Choe, Moon Kyung Joo, Hyun Gu Kim
Clin Endosc 2015;48(5):440-443.   Published online September 30, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2015.48.5.440
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

Esophagopleural fistula (EPF) is a rare condition that is usually accompanied by severe infection and life-threatening morbidity. Here, we report the successful treatment of an EPF by closing an esophageal orifice using the over-the-scope-clip (OTSC) system without postprocedural complications. A 41-year-old man had serious thoracic and abdominal trauma due to a traffic accident. Computed tomography revealed findings suggestive of esophageal rupture due to Boerhaave syndrome. An emergent explorative operation was performed for primary repair with the insertion of a vacuum-assisted closure device. A postoperative upper gastrointestinal series revealed an EPF tract connecting the left pleural space and distal esophagus. We performed an endoscopic procedure using the "traumatic-type"OTSC to seal the EPF, and the esophageal orifice was completely healed 2 weeks postoperatively. The OTSC system might represent a safe and feasible modality for the treatment of EPF.

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Endoscopic Treatment of Various Gastrointestinal Tract Defects with an Over-the-Scope Clip: Case Series from a Tertiary Referral Hospital
Woong Cheul Lee, Weon Jin Ko, Jun-Hyung Cho, Tae Hee Lee, Seong Ran Jeon, Hyun Gun Kim, Joo Young Cho
Clin Endosc 2014;47(2):178-182.   Published online March 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2014.47.2.178
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

Recently, increasingly invasive therapeutic endoscopic procedures and more complex gastrointestinal surgeries such as endoscopic mucosal resection, endoscopic submucosal dissection, and novel laparoscopic approaches have resulted in endoscopists being confronted more frequently with perforations, fistulas, and anastomotic leakages, for which nonsurgical closure is desired. In this article, we present our experiences with the use of over-the-scope clip (OTSC) for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) closure, prevention of perforation, anastomotic leakages, and fistula closures. The OTSC is a valuable device for closing intestinal perforations and fistulas, for NOTES closure, and for the prevention of perforation after the excision of a tumor from the proper muscle layer. Furthermore, it seems to be quite safe to perform, even by endoscopists with little experience of the technique.

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Close layer
Successful Treatment of Duodenal Variceal Bleeding by Endoscopic Clipping
Su Bin Park, Sang Ho Lee, Jin Hee Kim, Hyun Jung Lee, Sung Pil Jang, Jae Nam Lee, Jong Ho Hwang
Clin Endosc 2013;46(4):403-406.   Published online July 31, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2013.46.4.403
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

Duodenal varix bleeding is an uncommon cause of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with portal hypertension but can cause severe and potentially fatal bleeding. However, the incidence is low and a good treatment method has not been well established yet. Duodenal variceal bleeding can be treated surgically or nonsurgically. We have successfully treated a patient with duodenal variceal bleeding secondary to liver cirrhosis using hemoclips to control the bleeding.

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Original Article
Clipping for the Prevention of Immediate Bleeding after Polypectomy of Pedunculated Polyps: A Pilot Study
Sun-Jin Boo, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Seon Young Park, Jong Sun Rew, Da Mi Lee, Sung Jae Shin, Dong Uk Kim, Geum Am Song
Clin Endosc 2012;45(1):84-88.   Published online March 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2012.45.1.84
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background/Aims

Immediate postpolypectomy bleeding (IPPB) increases the procedure time and it may disturb performing a safe polypectomy. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether clipping before snare polypectomy of large pedunculated polyps is useful for the prevention of IPPB.

Methods

This is a single arm, pilot study. We enrolled patients with pedunculated colorectal polyps that were 1 cm in size or more from 4 university hospitals between June 2009 and June 2010. Clips were applied at the stalk and snare polypectomy was then performed. The complications, including IPPB, were investigated.

Results

Fifty six pedunculated polyps in 47 patients (Male:Female=36:11; age, 56±11 years) were included. The size of the polyp heads was 17±8 mm. Tubular adenoma was most common (57%). The number of clips used before snare polypectomy was 2±0.5. The procedure was successful in all cases. IPPB occurred in 2 cases (3.6%), and both of these were managed by additional clipping. Delayed bleeding occurred in another one case (1.8%), which improved with conservative treatment. No perforation occurred.

Conclusions

We suggest that clipping before snare polypectomy of pedunculated polyps may be an easy and effective technique for the prevention of IPPB, and this should be confirmed in large scale, prospective, controlled studies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
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Case Report
A Primary Repair with Hemoclips and Fibrin Glue Injection in Biliary Stent Induced Duodenal Perforation
Ki Won Kim, M.D., Tae Hoon Lee, M.D., Sang-Heum Park, M.D., Bum Suk Son, M.D., Sae Hwan Lee, M.D., Suck-Ho Lee, M.D., Il-Kwun Chung, M.D. and Sun-Joo Kim, M.D.
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2011;42(6):437-441.   Published online May 25, 2011
AbstractAbstract PDF
Duodenal perforations caused by biliary prostheses are uncommon, but they are potentially life threatening and require immediate treatment. Here we describe an unusual case of duodenal perforation induced by a plastic biliary stent. It masqueraded as a case of cholecystitis and combined systemic upset with a localized peritonitis and fever. Primary endoscopic closure by hemoclips was difficult due to the position of the lateral wall and the complexity of aligning the perforation with the endoscope. To approximate the perforated hole and adherent hemoclips, glue injection and sprayings were successfully performed under cap-fitted endoscopy. The patient recovered without additional complications.
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Three Cases of Successful Treatment of Iatrogenic Duodenal Perforation
Choong Heon Ryu, M.D., Do Hyun Park, M.D., Myung-Hwan Kim, M.D., Dong Wan Seo, M.D., Sang Soo Lee, M.D., Sung Koo Lee, M.D. and Hong Jun Kim, M.D.
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2011;42(1):57-61.   Published online January 30, 2011
AbstractAbstract PDF
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography has become a standard procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatobiliary disease. Like any invasive procedure, it carries a small, but significant rate of serious complications such as duodenal perforation. Primary surgical closure is the treatment of choice for the cases of duodenal perforation. However, there have been some case reports in which endoscopic metal clip closure of an iatrogenic duodenal perforation was successful. We experienced three cases of successful treatment of the iatrogenic duodenal perforation using endoscopic clipping and fibrin glue injections during a duodenoscope insertion. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2011;42:57-61)
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A Case of Fishbone-induced Esophageal Perforation Closed by Endoscopic Clipping
Joung Muk Leem, M.D., Joung-Ho Han, M.D.*, Byeong Seong Ko, M.D.*, Mi Sung Kim, M.D.*, Ji Young Park, M.D.*, Woo Hyung Choi, M.D.*, Sei Jin Youn, M.D. and Seon Mee Park, M.D.
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;41(3):151-154.   Published online September 30, 2010
AbstractAbstract PDF
Esophageal perforation continues to be associated with high mortality - 20% to 30% - despite advances in surgical techniques. Traditional surgery has been the mainstay of treatment for perforation, but recent advances in endoscopic closure devices has increased therapeutic options for selected patients. Our patient had a fishbone-induced esophageal perforation. He was treated successfully with endoscopic clipping, antibiotics and parenteral nutrition. We report this case and provide a review of the relevant literature. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010; 41:151-154)
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A Case of Successful Embolization with Superselection by Endoscopic Hemoclipping for Pseudoaneurysmal Bleeding in a Patient with Pylorus Preserving Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Yong Hun Kim, M.D., Chang-Il Kwon, M.D., Sae Kyung Joo, M.D., Won Hee Kim, M.D., Hong Gern Bin, M.D., Man Deuk Kim, M.D. and Seong Gyu Hwang, M.D.
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;41(1):31-35.   Published online July 31, 2010
AbstractAbstract PDF
Arterial bleeding after pancreaticoduodenectomy is a very serious complication with high mortality. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment is essential. In particular, early detection and immediate embolization can be effectively used for the delayed massive bleeding that occurs from a pseudoaneurysmal rupture. However, sometimes intermittent bleeding or a vessel spasm can cause the bleeding focus to remain unidentified in spite of repeated angiography. We experienced a case of successful embolization with superselection by endoscopic hemoclipping in a patient who underwent pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy, and the patient's bleeding focus was not found after repeated angiography. Endoscopic hemoclip application can be useful for localizing a pseudoaneurysmal rupture in patients with pancreaticoduodenectomy. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;41:31-35)
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Two Cases of Foreign Body-induced Esophageal Perforation That Were Treated by Endoscopic Clipping and Non-surgical Management
Jung Bok Park, M.D., Won Ki Bae, M.D., Hyoung Don Lee, M.D., Jung Hoon Kim, M.D., Nam-Hoon Kim, M.D., Kyung-Ah Kim, M.D., June Sung Lee, M.D. and Young Soo Moon, M.D.
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;40(5):316-320.   Published online May 30, 2010
AbstractAbstract PDF
Perforation of the esophagus is a deadly injury that requires careful management if the patient is to survive. Prompt recognition and proper treatment of esophageal perforation may avert death or minimize complications. Esophageal perforation might be followed by mediastinitis, broncho-esophageal fistula, pneumomediastinum, peritonitis and empyema. Although primary surgical repair is the mainstay of treatment, non-surgical management can be attempted in selected patients. Endoscopic closure of an esophageal perforation with metallic clips and conservative therapy has recently been reported. We describe here two patients with esophageal perforation and pneumomediastinum that were caused by fish bones. One was completely closed by endoscopic clipping and the other was not. Non-surgical management that was made up of parenteral nutrition and antibiotic therapy produced the same successful outcomes in these two cases. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;40:316-320)
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Extensive Gastric Mucosal Laceration During Endoscopic Examination
Han Byul Chun, M.D., Il Hyun Baek, M.D., Su Rin Shin, M.D., Hyo Jung Kim, M.D., Jin Bae Kim, M.D. and Myung Seok Lee, M.D.
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;40(5):321-324.   Published online May 30, 2010
AbstractAbstract PDF
Gastric mucosal lacerations occurring during the course of upper gastroduodenal endoscopy are apparently rare. The location and extent of the lesion are little different from the usual one found in the Mallory-Weiss tear. But the pathogenesis of the gastric mucosal tear is similar to that of Mallory-Weiss tear. Hiatal hernia, atrophic gastritis, and old age are predisposing factors for Mallory-Weiss tear. There is currently only one report about extensive gastric mucosal laceration during performance of endoscopy in an elderly patient. During a standard diagnostic endoscopic procedure, we experienced extensive gastric mucosal laceration that ranged from the gastroesophageal junction to the gastric angle in an elderly woman Furthermore, her body surface area and stomach size were very small. The patient was treated successfully with hemoclip application for the laceration. We report on the case along with a review of the relevant literature. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;40:321-324)
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A Case of Transparent Cap-fitted Endoscopic Hemoclipping on a Bleeding Dieulafoy's Lesion in the Ampulla of Vater
Hoon Sup Koo, M.D., Yong Seok Kim, M.D., Gwang Il Kim, M.D., Jung Kyung Yang, M.D., Seung Min Kim, M.D., Sang Yeol Cheon, M.D., Je Hyung Sun, M.D. and Sun Moon Kim, M.D.
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;40(1):45-48.   Published online January 30, 2010
AbstractAbstract PDF
Dieulafoy's lesion is a rare cause of repetitive and massive gastrointestinal bleeding, and this is characterized by an isolated arteriole protruding through a small mucosal defect. Dieulafoy's lesion is generally found in the stomach within 6 cm of the gastroesophageal junction, and usually on the lesser curvature, but many lesions have been reported in extragastric locations, including the esophagus, small bowel and rectum. A Dieulafoy's lesion in the ampulla of Vater is extremely rare, and only one such case has been reported in the Korean population. We experienced a rare case of Dieulafoy's lesion in the ampulla of Vater with massive pulsatile bleeding, and this was successfully treated by transparent cap-assisted endoscopic hemoclipping. We report here on this case with a review of the relevant literature. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;40:45-48)
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Two Cases of Boerhaave's Syndrome Treated by Endoscopic Hemoclipping
Hyun Jeong Jang, M.D., Tae Hyo Kim, M.D., Chang Min Lee, M.D., Kang Ju, M.D., Chang Yoon Ha, M.D., Hyun Ju Min, M.D., Woon Tae Jung, M.D. and Ok Jae Lee, M.D.
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2009;39(6):359-363.   Published online December 30, 2009
AbstractAbstract PDF
Boerhaave's syndrome is a spontaneous esophageal perforation due to severe nausea and vomiting after hyperphagia or drinking, and it is not due to trauma, medical instrumentation or a foreign body. Untreated esophageal perforation is associated with high mortality, and the traditional treatment has been surgical drainage and primary repair of the perforation. However, non-surgical primary repair with an endoscopic procedure has recently been attempted in some selected patients with a small sized perforation, limited contamination of the mediastinum and no evidence of sepsis. We report here on 2 patients with Boerhaave's syndrome and who were successfully treated via primary repair with endoscopic hemoclips, and we review the other cases of the Boerhaave's syndrome that were treated with a endoscopic procedure. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2009;39: 359-363)
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A Case of Brunner's Gland Adenoma Causing a Ball-valve Obstruction: Endoscopic Treatment with a Simple Method of Endoclip-assisted Direct Resection with Using an IT-knife
Do Won Choi, M.D., Jin Ki Hwang, M.D., Jong Jae Park, M.D., Jae-Won Yun, M.D., Min-Jung Kwon, M.D., Hyejin Noh, M.D., Jae Seon Kim, M.D. and Young-Tae Bak, M.D.
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2009;39(1):38-41.   Published online July 30, 2009
AbstractAbstract PDF
Brunner's gland adenoma is a rare benign tumor that is usually asymptomatic and it the result of a benign proliferation of the Brunner's glands of the duodenum. In symptomatic patients, the common clinical presentation is gastrointestinal bleeding and obstructive symptoms. A 48-year-old man presented with abdominal discomfort and vomiting. The endoscopic examination revealed a large pedunculated polypoid mass arising in the bulb and it was prolapsing through the pylorus into the antrum, and this all resulted in a ball-valve obstruction. After endoclips were applied at the peduncle of the mass, this polyp was simply and successfully cut with using an IT-knife without bleeding or perforation. We report here on a case of Brunner's gland adenoma that caused a ball-valve obstruction, and the tumor was removed by a simple and easy method with using endoclips and an IT-knife. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2009;39:38-41)
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The Usefulness of Applying an Additional Clip When Using a Double-layered Pyloric Stent to Treat Gastric Outlet Obstruction
Woo Jin Jung, M.D., Dae Hwan Kang, M.D., Cheol Woong Choi, M.D., Hyung Wook Kim, M.D., Gwang Ha Kim, M.D., Jeong Heo, M.D., Geun Am Song, M.D., Mong Cho, M.D., Kyung Sik Jung, M.D., Yong Wuk Kim, M.D., Dong Uk Kim, M.D., Pyo Jun Kim, M.D. and Il Du Kim, M
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2009;38(4):193-198.   Published online April 30, 2009
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
/Aims: It has been reported the placement of a double-layered pyloric combination stent can overcome the disadvantage of the increased ingrowth observed for an uncovered stent and the increased migration for a covered stent. But this did not satisfactorily prevent stent migration and it caused stent migration more frequently than with using the uncovered stent. This study evaluated the usefulness of applying a clip in an effort to reduce stent migration. Methods: Fifteen patients with malignant gastric outlet obstruction were treated with endoscopic placement of a double-layered combination pyloric stent. Three endoscopic clips were then applied to fix the proximal end of the enteral stent to the gastric or duodenal mucosa. The clinical efficacy and especially the rate of migration were analyzed. Results: The technical and clinical success rate was 100% (15/15) and 93.3% (14/15), respectively. No stent migration was observed in any of the patients. Three patients (20%) experienced complications such as stent collapse. The median stent patency period was 83.4 days. Conclusions: Endoscopic clipping for enteral stent placement is effective for preventing stent migration in patients with malignant gastric outlet obstruction. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2009;38:193-198)
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Non-surgical Treatment with Endoscopic Clipping in a Patient with Boerhaave's Syndrome
Yun-Kyung Kim, M.D., Chang Nyol Paik, M.D., U-Im Chang, M.D., Sung Hoon Jung, M.D., Jeong Rok Lee, M.D., Woo Chul Chung, M.D., Kang-Moon Lee, M.D. and Jin-Mo Yang, M.D.
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;37(6):409-412.   Published online December 30, 2008
AbstractAbstract PDF
Boerhaave's syndrome is difficult to diagnosis because of the esophageal rupture, which is caused by nausea and vomiting, and Boerhaave's syndrome is known to have a high mortality rate. The mortality increases with a delayed diagnosis; therefore, an early diagnosis and surgical treatment are critical for a good prognosis. Yet some recent cases have shown that non-surgical treatments are successful in some classified patient groups. These groups should be considered according to their symptoms and their laboratory and radiological findings. Sepsis and multi-organ failure should be continuously checked for to see if they occurred and/or progressed. We report here on a 51 year old woman who had Boerhaave's syndrome, and this was caused by heavy drinking, nausea and vomiting, and she improved with just non-surgical treatment such as fasting, antibiotics and endoscopic clipping. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;37:409-412)
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Predictors of Rebleeding after Hemoclip Therapy for Treating High-risk Bleeding Ulcers: Hemoclip Therapy Alone was Comparable to Combination Treatmentwith Epinephrine Injection
Hyo Jeong Oh, M.D., Tae Hyeon Kim, M.D., Geom Seog Seo, M.D., Chang Soo Choi, M.D., Eun Young Cho, M.D., Ki Hoon Kim, M.D., Sung O Seo, M.D., Ji Hye Kweon, M.D., Han Seung Ryu, M.D.,Suck Chei Choi, M.D., Haak Cheoul Kim, M.D. and Sae Ron Shin, M.D.*
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;37(2):83-89.   Published online August 30, 2008
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background/Aims: Active bleeding and non-bleeding visible vessels in patients with bleeding peptic ulcer are associated with a high risk of rebleeding. The aim of our study was to define the risk factors associated with failure of endoscopic hemostasis and rebleeding in patients with active peptic ulcer bleeding. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 119 patients (90 men and 29 women; mean age, 60.14±14.67 years) with active peptic ulcer bleeding (spurting, oozing and/or non-bleeding visible vessel) and who were treated in Wonkwang Medical Center from January 2002 to January 2007. They were classified to endoscopic hemoclipping alone group (n=75) or endoscopic hemoclipping combined with epinephrine injection group (n=44), according to the therapeutic modality. Results: Initial hemostasis was achieved in the two groups (100%), and permanent hemostasis was achieved 71.4% in all the patients. Operation was done in eight patients (6.7%), and six patients (5%) in the two groups, respectively, died within 1 month after initial hemostasis because of bleeding related complications. Recurrent bleeding, the duration of the hospital stay, blood transfusion requirements, complications and the operation and mortality rates were not statistically different between the hemoclip alone and combination groups. Univariate analysis showed that rebleeding was related to the presence of shock on admission (p=0.01), complication (p=0.00), the pulse rate (>100/min) on admission (p=0.04), single ulcer (p=0.032), the level of hemoglobin (<8 g/dL) (p=0.02) and the volume of transfusion (>3 units) after the procedure (p=0.005) in all the patients. On the multivariate analysis that was adjusted for age and gender, the hemoglobin level (<8 g/dL) (odds ratio = 10.5) was the only significant predictor for early rebleeding. Conclusions: This result may suggest that the combination method does not provide a substantial advantage over hemoclipping alone for the hemostatic management of active peptic ulcers bleeding. A low hemoglobin level on admission may be useful to predict rebleeding after initial endoscopic hemostasis in patients with active peptic ulcer. However, this study was designed retrospectively, so the comparison between these two groups should be re-evaluated prospectively in a large, multicenter trial. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;37:83-89)
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Endoscopic Resection of a Large Colonic Lipoma
Hye Suk Son, M.D., Young Seok Cho, M.D., Jin Soo Kim, M.D., Hyung Keun Kim, M.D., Chang Hyuk Ahn, M.D.*, Sung Soo Kim, M.D., Hiun Suk Chae, M.D. and Kyu Yong Choi, M.D.
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;37(2):122-126.   Published online August 30, 2008
AbstractAbstract PDF
Although colonic lipomas constitute the most common nonepithelial neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract, colonic lipomas are rare benign tumors. Most colonic lipomas are asymptomatic and are incidentally identified at the time of endoscopy or surgery. Lipomas may cause symptoms such as bleeding, obstruction or intussusception when the size of a tumor exceeds 2 cm. Surgical resection is recommended for larger lipomas to relieve symptoms or exclude a malignancy. There are few published reports on the endoscopic removal of colonic lipomas. Endoscopic snare polypectomy has been used to treat clinically symptomatic colonic lipomas. However, removal of lipomas 2 cm or greater in diameter has been associated with a greater risk of perforation. Using a detachable snare or hemoclipping may reduce the risk of complications after a polypectomy. We report a case of a large colonic lipoma that was treated with endoscopic polypectomy using a detachable snare and hemoclipping. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;37:122-126)
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A Case of Successful Closure using Endoscopic Hemostatic Clips with a Detachable Snare and Fibrin Glue Injection for a Gastro-Cutaneous Fistula following Buried Bumper Syndrome
Hye Jeong Kim, M.D., Jae Woo Kim, M.D., Il Young Lee, M.D., Kyong Won Park, M.D., Hearn Kook Kim, M.D., Ki Tae Suk, M.D., Moon Young Kim, M.D. and Soon Koo Baik, M.D.
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;37(2):116-121.   Published online August 30, 2008
AbstractAbstract PDF
The buried bumper syndrome is a well-recognized long-term complication of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). Most of the buried bumpers are removed by making an external incision over the PEG site under local anesthesia or during a laparotomy. Recently, endoscopic removal is usually attempted. While the removal of the PEG tube is usually followed by spontaneous closure of the gastrostomy tract, a non-healing gastro- cutaneous fistula is difficult to manage. The fistula is generally treated with bowel rest and total parenteral nutritional support, suppression of gastric acid secretion, and occasionally, surgical exploration and wedge excision of the fistula site are performed. However, in debilitated patients, surgical management is accompanied with high morbidity and mortality. Recently, the use of nonsurgical alternative methods, such as endoscopic therapy using tissue adhesives or hemostatic clips, has emerged with recent advances in endoscopic technology. We report a case of successful closure using endoscopic hemostatic clips with a detachable snare and fibrin glue injection for a gastro-cutaneous fistula following buried bumper syndrome. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;37:116-121)
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A Case of Successful Endoscopic Management of Afferent Loop Leakages by Using Hemoclips and a Detachable Snare
Se Woo Park, M.D., Hang Lak Lee, M.D., Seong Eun Ahn, M.D., So Yeun Park, M.D., Oh Young Lee, M.D., Byung Chul Youn, M.D., Ho Soon Choi, M.D. and Jun Soo Hahm, M.D.
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;37(1):30-34.   Published online July 30, 2008
AbstractAbstract PDF
There are many complications following gastrectomy and one of the most frequent complications is anastomosis site leakage. Postoperative leakage is a serious complication in patients after they undergo gastric surgery. It can lead to the progressive deterioration in the patient's condition and quality of life and the mortality rate is nearly 60%. We encountered a case of a 75 year-old man who had the leakage of the jejunal end of the Roux limb after total gastrectomy. We performed treatment of the leakage endoscopic clipping and detachable snaring. Hemoclips were fixed at the margin of both sides of the lesion. A detachable snare was used to bind both hemoclips, so the interval was made narrow. After snare binding, five hemoclips were used for final closure of the small interval. After treatment, the leakage of the afferent loop end was completely stopped. He resumed an oral intake and was discharged without complications. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;37:30-34)
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Hemoclipped Dieulafoy's Lesion in Giant Diverticulum in the 3rd Portion of Duodenum
Mo Se Kim, M.D., Sung Yeun Yang, M.D., Jae Hwan Kim, M.D., Su Kyoung Kwon, M.D., Tae Hee Kim, M.D., Sang Hoon Seol, M.D., Eun Ji Noh, M.D., Doo Gun Chae, M.D.* and Jung Hae Koh, M.D.
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2007;35(6):441-444.   Published online December 30, 2007
AbstractAbstract PDF
A duodenal diverticulum is common in the second portion of the duodenum and can occur at any age. An obstruction, bleeding, perforation, diverticulitis are not an uncommon complicationa of duodenal diverticulum. As a rare complication, bleeding in the duodenal diverticulum may be massive, and duodenal diverticulum is resected primarily as a result of the difficulty in determining the site of bleeding. However, there has been a recent increase in endoscopic diagnosis and the treatment of diverticular bleeding. Band ligation increases the risk of duodenal diverticular perforation because of the thin diverticular wall. An endoscopic hemoclip is a preferable method for endoscopic sclerotherapy. We report a 48- year-old man with a giant duodenal diverticulum that was treated with a hemoclip. The duodenal diverticular perforation was treated effectively with supportive care. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2007;35:441-444)
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A Case of a Bleeding Dieulafoy's Lesion in a Duodenal Diverticulum Treated by Endoscopic Hemoclipping
Nang Hee Kim, M.D., Kyu-Jong Kim, M.D., Seo Ryong Han, M.D., Ji Eun Park, M.D., Ji Hyeon Nam, M.D., Sung Hoon Kim, M.D., Eun Kyung Shin, M.D., Do Hyun Kim, M.D., Jun Young Song, M.D., Sung Eun Kim, M.D., Won Moon, M.D., Moo In Park, M.D. and Seun Ja Park,
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2007;35(4):258-261.   Published online October 30, 2007
AbstractAbstract PDF
A duodenal diverticulum is common and usually originates in the second portion of the duodenum. The majority of diverticula are asymptomatic; however, they may sometimes present with symptoms such as obstruction, hemorrhage, perforation, jaundice and pancreatitis. Active bleeding from a duodenal diverticulum is rare, and moreover, Dieulafoy's lesion as a cause is quite rare with very few cases reported so far. The use of endoscopic methods instead of surgery in achieving hemostasis has been on the increase with the widespread use and improvement in endoscope instrumentation and accessories. Of these methods, the use of endoscopic hemoclipping for Dieulafoy's lesion is considered more effective and safe than the use of other methods, such as injection and thermal methods. We report here a case of a bleeding Dieulafoy's lesion in a duodenal diverticulum treated by endoscopic hemoclipping. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2007;35:258-261)
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A Case of Foreign Body Induced Esophageal Perforation Repaired by Endoscopic Clipping
Woo Sik Han, M.D., Jong-Jae Park, M.D., Beom Jae Lee, M.D., Joo Yeon Oh, M.D., Youn Ho Kim, M.D., Sung Woo Jung, M.D., Jae Seon Kim, M.D. and Young-Tae Bak, M.D.
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2007;35(1):28-32.   Published online July 30, 2007
AbstractAbstract PDF
An esophageal perforation is a potentially life threatening condition with a high mortality rate. Although primary surgical repair is the mainstay of treatment, non-surgical management can be attempted in selected patients. The successful endoscopic closure of an esophageal perforation with metallic clips was recently reported. We report a case of an esophageal perforation caused by a dog bone and mediastinitis treated by non-surgical management consisting of parenteral nutrition, antibiotics therapy and endoscopic clipping.
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A Case of Endoscopic Hemoclip Management of Dieulafoy-like Lesion on the Hyperplastic Polyp in the Duodenum
Nam Seon Park, M.D., Jung Hoon Song, M.D., Eun Bin Lee, M.D., Byung Kook Kang, M.D., Dae Ho Jin, M.D., Tae Hong Ahn, M.D., Yoon Ju Han, M.D. and Hyung Suk Lee, M.D.
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2007;34(6):329-333.   Published online June 30, 2007
AbstractAbstract PDF
Dieulafoy's lesion (DL) is an uncommon but important cause of massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding that has been reported to be involved in 0.3∼6.7% of cases of major gastrointestinal bleeding. The lesion usually occurs in the lesser curvature of the stomach within 6 cm of the gastroesophageal junction. Similar lesions have also been observed in the esophagus, duodenum, small intestine, colon, and rectum. Most DLs encountered in the duodenum occur in the bulb. Recently, with the advances in endoscopic techniques, the successful management of DL has been achieved through the application of a hemoclip or elastic band ligation. In particular, the application of a hemoclip is considered to be a safe and effective treatment for DL located on a relatively narrow and thin walled canal such as the duodenum. We report the successful application of endoscopic hemoclipping for the treatment of a rare Dieulafoy-like lesion on a hyperplastic polyp in the 2nd portion of the duodenum.
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Appendiceal Stump Bleeding That was Treated by Endoscopic Hemoclipping
Se In Kim, M.D., Sang Kyoon Kim, M.D., Chang Woo You, M.D., Hyeok Jin Kwon, M.D., Sang Wook Kim, M.D. and Soo Teik Lee, M.D.
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2007;34(2):108-110.   Published online March 2, 2007
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Appendiceal stump bleeding is a rare, but occasionally life-threatening complication. Significant lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage from an ulcerated appendiceal stump may occur after uncomplicated appendectomy. The common management includes ligation of the bleeding vessel or cecal resection by either emergency laparotomy or laparoscopy. Angiographic embolization of the bleeding vessel is an alternative therapeutic option. We report here on a case of gastrointestinal hemorrhage from an appendiceal stump, and this occurred six days after appendectomy. The bleeding was controlled endoscopically by placing hemoclips on the distinct vessel. The patient recovered thereafter without further intervention. Endoscopic hemoclipping is an effective and safe procedure, and it can replace emergency laparotomy, laparoscopy or angiographic embolization for treating appendiceal stump bleeding.
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Clinical Usefulness of Proton Pump Inhibitor Intravenous Treatment in Bleeding Peptic Ulcer
Hang Lak Lee, M.D., Dong Soo Han, M.D., Byoung Kwan Son, M.D., Oh Young Lee, M.D., Yong Chul Jeon, M.D., Ju Hyun Sohn, M.D., Byung Chul Yoon, M.D., Ho Soon Choi, M.D., Joon Soo Hahm, M.D. and Jin Bae Kim, M.D.*
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2007;34(2):71-75.   Published online March 2, 2007
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Background
/Aims: Recently, high dose PPI intravenous (IV) infusion after endoscopic hemostasis was found to decrease the recurrent bleeding rate. Therefore, we conducted this study to define the effect of endoscopic hemoclipping with PPI IV infusion on the recurrent bleeding rate. Methods: We conducted a double-blinded prospective randomized control study. A total of 35 patients were endoscopically diagnosed with bleeding peptic ulcer of Forrest classification Ia, Ib, IIa between Jan. 2003 and Sep. 2003 in our hospital. We carried out epinephrine injection therapy around the ulcer, followed by hemoclipping at the exposed vessel. After controlling for endoscopic bleeding, we randomly divided the patients into two groups. One group received a PPI IV infusion (pantoprazole 80 mg/day) and the other group received a placebo for three days. Results: Only one PPI IV-infused patient and one patient receiving placebo showed recurrent bleeding at two days after endoscopic therapy. The PPI IV infusion group showed 100% (17/17) initial hemostatic rate, 5.8% (1/17) recurrent bleeding rate within 3 days, 0% (0/17) recurrent bleeding rate after 3 days, and 0% (0/17) complication rate. For these same values, the placebo group showed 100% (18/18), 5.5% (1/18), 0% (0/18), and 0% (0/18), respectively. Conclusions: PPI IV infusion showed no addictive hemostatic effect. We think hemoclipping is a very effective hemostatic method, and PPI IV infusion may not be required after appropriate endoscopic management.
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Two Cases of Rectal Dieulafoy's Lesion Treated Sucessfully with Hemoclip
Yong Sung Ahn, M.D., Ji Young Park, M.D., Jung Hyun Lee, M.D., Hyo Jin Jung, M.D., Tae Oh Kim, M.D., Gwang Ha Kim, M.D., Jeong Heo, M.D., Dae Hwan Kang, M.D., Geun Am Song, M.D. and Mong Cho, M.D.
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2006;33(1):54-57.   Published online July 30, 2006
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Dieulafoy's lesion is a rare cause of massive gastrointestinal bleeding. It is usually identified within the proximal stomach but has been reported in the esophagus, duodenum, small intestine, colon and rectum. Surgery was originally the treatment of choice for this lesion. However, recently, most case can be treated using endoscopic techniques including an injection of a sclerosing agent, clipping, band ligation, heater probe, and bipolar coagulation. We report 2 cases of a rectal Dieulafoy's lesion that were treated sucessfully by endoscopic clipping without complications. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2006; 33:54⁣57)
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A Case of Endoscopic Management of Dieulafoy's Lesion in the Ampulla of Vater
Ki Won Hwang, M.D., Jae Hyung Lee, M.D., Joo Ho Lee, M.D., Sang Yong Lee, M.D., Tae Oh Kim, M.D., Gwang Ha Kim, M.D., Jeong Heo, M.D., Dae Hwan Kang, M.D., Geun Am Song, M.D. and Mong Cho, M.D.
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2006;32(5):357-359.   Published online May 30, 2006
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Dieulafoy's lesion is an uncommon but important cause of massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The lesion usually occurs in the lesser curvature of the stomach within 6 cm of the gastroesophageal junction but extragastric locations of Dieulafoy's lesion are rare. In this study, diagnosis of Dieulafoy's lesion was frequently made by endoscopy instead of surgery. Hemostasis was achieved by endoscopic treatment in more than 90% of patients. We report the successful application of endoscopic hemoclipping for treatment of active bleeding from Dieulafoy's lesion in the ampulla of Vater of the duodenum. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2006;32:357⁣360)
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Two Cases of Successful Clipping Closure of Iatrogenic Duodenal Perforation Occurred during Endoscopic Procedure
Young Jae Lee, M.D., Sin Un Lee, M.D., In O Sun, M.D., Jin Hwa Choi, M.D., Hea Un Choi, M.D., Eun Young Ko, M.D., In Suk Seo, M.D., Young Keun Cho, M.D., Seung Min Park, M.D., Yang Ho Kim, M.D., Jin Woong Cho, M.D. and Yong Ung Lee, M.D.
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2006;32(3):210-214.   Published online March 30, 2006
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The risk of complications associated with endoscopic procedures, including bleeding and perforation, tends to increase due to the magnification of the therapeutic endoscopic spectrum. In cases of duodenal perforation, surgical closure is the treatment of choice; however, there have been some cases in which the nonsurgical treatment of an iatrogenic duodenal perforation during an endoscopic procedure was effected via endoscopic clipping closure. Here, we report two cases of successful endoscopic clipping closure of an iatrogenic duodenal perforation occur ring during a duodenoscopy insertion for ERCP and endoscopic mucosal resection for the treatment of duodenal adenoma. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2006;32:210⁣214)
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Comparison of Hemostatic Efficacy between Epinephrine Injection Alone and a Combined Therapy with Hemoclip for Bleeding Peptic Ulcers
Hyang Eun Seo, M.D., Myung Kwon Lee, M.D., Young Doo Lee, M.D., Seong Woo Jeon, M.D., Chang Min Cho, M.D., Won Young Tak, M.D., Young Oh Kwon, M.D., Sung Kook Kim, M.D., Yong Hwan Choi, M.D. and Jong Ryul Eun, M.D.*
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2006;32(1):9-14.   Published online January 30, 2006
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Background
/Aims: Many studies have been performed to find the differences between using epinephrine injection alone and a combination therapy with hemoclip for bleeding peptic ulcer, but the results have been controversial. We retrospectively evaluated the hemostatic efficacy for epinephrine injection alone and injection combined with hemoclip for bleeding peptic ulcers. Methods: Four hundred patients were enrolled. They were assigned to one of the two groups: endoscopic hemostasis with injection of epinephrine (group I, n=156) and combined epinephrine injection with hemoclip (group II, n=244). Results: The continuous bleeding rate was significantly higher in group I than in group II. The recurrent bleeding rate was also significantly higher in group I than in group II. There were no statistical differences in the rates of death, emergency surgery and arterial embolization. The rates of continuous bleeding and the initial failure of hemostasis were higher for the patients with active bleeding on the initial endoscopy irrespective of the applied hemostatic methods. Conclusions: A combination of epinephrine injection and hemoclip is more effective than epinephrine injection alone for treating bleeding peptic ulcers. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2006;32:9⁣14)
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A Case of Iatrogenic Colonic Perforation Repaired by Endoscopic Clipping
Hee Jung Lee, M.D., Tae Hee Lee, M.D., Sun Moon Kim, M.D., Euyi Hyeog Im, M.D., Kyu Chan Huh, M.D., Young Woo Choi, M.D. and Young Woo Kang, M.D.
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2005;30(3):168-172.   Published online March 31, 2005
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As colonoscopy is widely used as a diagnostic tool in Korea, it produces many complications such as colonic bleeding and perforation. These are considered to be an usual event, not as a concept of complication. Therefore, the adverse events are given the term of incidental events, not as the complications in the recent days. Medical treatment may be offered as an alternative to surgical method for immediate management of these complications. Colonic perforation usually results in fatal and emergent condition requiring surgical intervention. Others described the application of endoclip as a therapeutic endoscopic maneuver twenty years ago, and in 1997, Yoshikane et al. used clips to close a colonic perforation after performing the endoscopic mucosal resection of an early cancer. Since then, endoscopic repairs of iatrogenic perforation have frequently been used in many cases. We report a 69 year-old man who was successfully treated by endoscopic clipping of iatrogenic colonic perforation site during polypectomy without complications. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2005;30:168⁣172)
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Duodenal Perforation due to Hemoclipping for the Dieulafoy's Lesion in a Duodenal Diverticulum
Hyeuk Park, M.D., Kwang Hyun Ko, M.D., Jeong Ki Kim, M.D., Hong Youp Choi, M.D., Sung Pyo Hong, M.D., Sung Kyu Hwang, M.D., Pil Won Park, M.D. and Kyu Sung Rim, M.D.
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2005;30(3):160-163.   Published online March 31, 2005
AbstractAbstract PDF
Duodenal diverticulum usually originates in the second portion of the duodenum and occasionally causes duodenal obstruction, hemorrhage, perforation and diverticulitis. A bleeding from Dieulafoy's lesion in a duodenal diverticulum is rare. It is not easily dignosed and treated by forward viewing endoscopy. Recently, a case was reported describing the hemorrhage from the Dieulafoy's lesion in a duodenal diverticulum which was treated by hemoclip with forward viewing endoscopy. Hemoclip application is considered to be the most appropriate endoscopic treatment, because sclerotherapy, electrocoagulation or band ligation for Dieulafoy's lesion in the duodenal diverticulum may increase risk of duodenal perforation. We report a case of duodenal perforation due to hemoclip application for the treatment of Dieulafoy's lesion in a duodenal diverticulum. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2005;30:160⁣163)
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A Case of Successful Endoscopic Therapy in Iatrogenic Perforation of the Colon during Colonoscopy
Jai Gyu Lee, M.D., Jin Woong Cho, M.D., Paul Kim, M.D., Ji Eun Lee, M.D., Jin Gyu Lee, Sung Min Lim, M.D., In Seok Seo, M.D., Yang Ho Kim, M.D. and Yong Ung Lee, M.D. M.D.,
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2004;29(4):213-216.   Published online October 30, 2004
AbstractAbstract PDF
Colonoscopy is a safe and standard procedure for diagnosis and therapy of colonic disorders. Iatrogenic colonic perforation during diagnostic colonoscopy, a rare abdominal emergency, has an 0.3∼0.8% incidence rate. The choice of treatment for this complication remains controversial. Prompt operative intervention is preferred to minimize morbidity and mortality. However, operative intervention is invasive and needs a long-term recovery period. Conservative treatment is less invasive but can lead to more extensive surgery in case of treatment failure. Very important point on the treatment of iatrogenic perforation of the colon during diagnostic colonoscopy is to avoid the leaking of intestinal contents into the intraperitoneal cavity. We report here a case in which an iatrogenic perforation of the colon during diagnostic colonoscopy was successfully treated by endoscopic clip therapy. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2004;29:213⁣216)
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A Case of Successful Treatment of a Bleeding Duodenal Ulcer with Endoscopic Hemoclipping in a Child
Kon Ho Shim, M.D., Young Seok Cho, M.D., Chul Hyun Lim, M.D., Yoon Seok Koh, M.D.,Jun Chang Song, M.D., Jong Hyun Park, M.D., Sung Soo Kim, M.D., Hiun Suk Chae, M.D.,Myung Gyu Choi, M.D., Chang Don Lee, M.D., Kyu Yong Choi, M.D.,In Sik Chung, M.D. and Jin
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2004;29(2):80-84.   Published online August 30, 2004
AbstractAbstract PDF
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in infant and children is much less common than that in adults. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in infants and young children is most often acssociated with stress ulcer or erosions, but in older children it may also be caused by duodenal ulcer, esophagitis, and esophageal varices. Because the total blood volume of a child is relatively small and can deplete rapidly, gastrointestinal bleeding is a catastrophic event. However, it is not associated with significant mortality except in those with a severe primary illness. Data on therapeutic endoscopy for pediatric gastrointestinal bleeding are limited to case reports. The hemoclip has recently been added to armamentaria of endoscopic devices. This method has several advantages, including fewer complication and the fact that less expertise is needed to achieve permanent hemostasis. We report a case of successful endoscopic control of a bleeding duodenal ulcer using with a hemoclip in a 22-month-old boy. Endoscopic hemoclipping would be a safe and efficacious treatment for control of bleeding from peptic ulcers in children. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2004;29:80⁣84)
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A Case of Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding due to Angiodysplasia in the Terminal Ileum
Anna Kim, M.D., Jong Min Lee, M.D., Jane Oh, M.D. and Gye Sung Lee, M.D.
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2004;28(4):197-201.   Published online April 30, 2004
AbstractAbstract PDF
Angiodysplasia has been recognized as an important cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding, but it is difficult to confirm the lesions. Angiodysplasia in the small bowel could be the most probable cause of bleeding particularly in the elderly patients when usual methods fail to document the focus. Small bowel angiodysplasias have been diagnosed by angiography and/or surgery at the sites where usual endoscope could not reach, and treated by medical therapy, angiographic embolization or surgery. We experienced a case of a bleeding angiodysplasia in the terminal ileum in a 51-year-old man who was taking anti-platelet agents. The lesion was diagnosed by colonoscopy, and bleeding was easily controlled with hemoclipping. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2004;28:197⁣201)
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A Case of Lower GI Bleeding from Portal Hypertensive Colopathy Successfully Treated
Ji Song Ko, M.D., Ju Sang Kim, M.D., Chee Ho Noh, M.D., Do Young Kim, M.D., Jong
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2004;28(2):97-101.   Published online March 1, 2004
AbstractAbstract PDF
Cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension are often found to have changes in their colonic mucosa. Such mucosal changes are termed portal hypertensive colopathy. Most patients with portal hypertension remained asymptomatic but some may show massive bleeding. The mainstay of treatment for portal hypertensive gastropathy include non-surgical methods such as octreotide injection, endoscopic hemostasis, and interventional methods such as TIPS. However, treatment for portal hypertensive colopathy remained unresolved. The authors here report a case of a 41 year old male with liver cirrhosis admitted for fever and abdominal pain, who reported an episode of hematochezia in the course of admisssion period. Subsequent colonoscopy revealed angiodysplasia-like lesions throughout the entire colon. We observed that such lesions were the source of hematochezia and that direct clipping with octreotide injection was successful in controlling the bleeding. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2004;28:97⁣101)
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Endoscopic Band Ligation for Rebleeding Esophageal Dieulafoy's Lesion after Hemoclipping
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2003;27(5):454-454.   Published online November 20, 2003
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