Focused Review Series: Image Enhanced Endoscopys
-
Advanced Imaging Technology Other than Narrow Band Imaging
-
Jun-Hyung Cho
-
Clin Endosc 2015;48(6):503-510. Published online November 30, 2015
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2015.48.6.503
-
-
Abstract
PDF
PubReader
ePub
- To improve the detection rate of gastrointestinal tumors, image-enhanced endoscopy has been widely used during screening and surveillance endoscopy in Korea. In addition to narrow band imaging (NBI) with/without magnification, various types of electronic chromoendoscopies have been used, including autofluorescence imaging, I-scan, and flexible spectral imaging color enhancement. These technologies enable the accurate characterization of tumors because they enable visualization of microvascular and microsurface patterns. The present review focuses on understanding the principle and clinical applications of advanced imaging technologies other than NBI.
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Comparison of narrow-band imaging with autofluorescence imaging for endoscopic detection of squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil
J. Syba, K. Trnkova, L. Dostalova, M. Votava, E. Lukesova, S. Novak, M. Kana, M. Tesarova, M. Zabrodsky, J. Plzak, P. Lukes
European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology.2023; 280(11): 5073. CrossRef - A prospective study for evaluating the effect of gastric targeted biopsy sampling with I‐scan optical enhancement on the diagnostic yield of CLOtest for Helicobacter pylori infection
Hosam Mohamed Dawod
Health Science Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Diagnostic Value of Endoscopic Narrow-Band Imaging Technique in Early Gastric Cancer and Precancerous Lesions
Xianxin Huang, Rong Chen, Liang Zhao, Danilo Pelusi
Scanning.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef - Endoscopy Lifetime Systems Architecture: Scoping Out the Past to Diagnose the Future Technology
Craig M. Browning, Robert Cloutier, Thomas C. Rich, Silas J. Leavesley
Systems.2022; 10(5): 189. CrossRef - Biomedical Photonics for Intraoperative Diagnostics: Review of Capabilities and Clinical Applications
E. A. Shirshin, B. P. Yakimov, G. S. Budylin, N. V. Zlobina, D. A. Davydov, A. G. Armaganov, V. V. Fadeev, N. N Sysoev, A. A. Kamalov
Moscow University Physics Bulletin.2022; 77(6): 777. CrossRef - Optimized diagnosis ofHelicobacter pyloriand tailored eradication therapy for preventing gastric cancer: a proposal for SHAKE strategy
Jun-Hyung Cho, So-Young Jin
Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2020; 14(7): 553. CrossRef - Clinical applicability of gastroscopy with narrow-band imaging for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori gastritis, precancerous gastric lesion, and neoplasia
Jun-Hyung Cho, Seong Ran Jeon, So-Young Jin
World Journal of Clinical Cases.2020; 8(14): 2902. CrossRef - Colonoscopy technologies for diagnostics and drug delivery
Rajib Ahmed, Krieshshanthan Santhirakumar, Haider Butt, Ali K. Yetisen
MEDICAL DEVICES & SENSORS.2019;[Epub] CrossRef - A guide to multimodal endoscopy imaging for gastrointestinal malignancy — an early indicator
Arthur Hoffman, Henrik Manner, Johannes W. Rey, Ralf Kiesslich
Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2017; 14(7): 421. CrossRef - Linked color imaging application for improving the endoscopic diagnosis accuracy: a pilot study
Xiaotian Sun, Tenghui Dong, Yiliang Bi, Min Min, Wei Shen, Yang Xu, Yan Liu
Scientific Reports.2016;[Epub] CrossRef - Narrow band imaging versus autofluorescence imaging for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma detection: a prospective study
X-G Ni, Q-Q Zhang, G-Q Wang
The Journal of Laryngology & Otology.2016; 130(11): 1001. CrossRef
-
14,023
View
-
204
Download
-
12
Web of Science
-
11
Crossref
-
The Past, Present, and Future of Image-Enhanced Endoscopy
-
Jae-Young Jang
-
Clin Endosc 2015;48(6):466-475. Published online November 30, 2015
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2015.48.6.466
-
-
Abstract
PDF
PubReader
ePub
- Despite the remarkable progress recently made to enhance the resolution of white-light endoscopy, detection, and diagnosis of premalignant lesions, such as adenomas and subtle early-stage cancers, remains a great challenge. As for example, although chromoendoscopy, such as endoscopy using indigo carmine, is useful for the early diagnosis of subtle lesions, the technique presents various disadvantages ranging from the time required for spray application of the dye and suctioning of excess dye to the increased difficulty in identifying lesions in the presence of severe inflammation and obstruction of visual field due to the pooling of solution in depressed-type lesions. To overcome these diagnostic problems associated with chromoendoscopy, research has focused on the development of endoscopes based on new optical technologies. Several types of image-enhanced endoscopy methods have recently been presented. In particular, image-enhanced endoscopy has emerged as a new paradigm for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. Image-enhanced endoscopes provide high-contrast images of lesions by means of optical or electronic technologies, including the contrast enhancement of the mucosal surface and of blood vessels. Chromoendoscopy, narrow-band imaging, i-SCAN, and flexible spectral imaging color enhancement are representative examples of image-enhanced endoscopy discussed in this paper.
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Polarimetry through a flexible imaging fiber bundle with a pixelated polarizer
Natzem Lima, Clarissa M. DeLeon, Travis W. Sawyer
Biomedical Optics Express.2025; 16(4): 1483. CrossRef - Application of an Automated Deep Learning Program to A Diagnostic Classification Model: Differentiating High‐Risk Adenomas Among Colorectal Polyps 10 mm or Smaller
Da Yeon Ham, Hyun Joo Jang, Sea Hyub Kae, Chang Kyo Oh, Sungjin Hong, Jae Gon Lee
Journal of Digestive Diseases.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Artificial intelligence‐aided diagnostic imaging: A state‐of‐the‐art technique in precancerous screening
Yang‐Bor Lu, Si‐Cun Lu, Fu‐Dong Li, Puo‐Hsien Le, Kai‐Hua Zhang, Zi‐Zheng Sun, Yung‐Ning Huang, Yu‐Chieh Weng, Wei‐Ting Chen, Yi‐Wei Fu, Jun‐Bo Qian, Bin Hu, Hong Xu, Cheng‐Tang Chiu, Qin‐Wei Xu, Wei Gong
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2024; 39(3): 544. CrossRef - From Staining Techniques to Artificial Intelligence: A Review of Colorectal Polyps Characterization
Kareem Khalaf, Mary Raina Angeli Fujiyoshi, Marco Spadaccini, Tommy Rizkala, Daryl Ramai, Matteo Colombo, Alessandro Fugazza, Antonio Facciorusso, Silvia Carrara, Cesare Hassan, Alessandro Repici
Medicina.2024; 60(1): 89. CrossRef - Fast Object Detection Leveraging Global Feature Fusion in Boundary-Aware Convolutional Networks
Weiming Fan, Jiahui Yu, Zhaojie Ju
Information.2024; 15(1): 53. CrossRef - Screening and surveillance of esophageal cancer by magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging improves the survival of hypopharyngeal cancer patients
Chen-Shuan Chung, Chia-Yun Wu, Yu-Hsuan Lin, Wu-Chia Lo, Ping-Chia Cheng, Wan-Lun Hsu, Li-Jen Liao
Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Precision in detecting colon lesions: A key to effective screening policy but will it improve overall outcomes?
Luis Ramon Rabago, Maria Delgado Galan
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2024; 16(3): 102. CrossRef - Could near focus endoscopy, narrow-band imaging, and acetic acid improve the visualization of microscopic features of stomach mucosa?
Admir Kurtcehajic, Enver Zerem, Tomislav Bokun, Ervin Alibegovic, Suad Kunosic, Ahmed Hujdurovic, Amir Tursunovic, Kenana Ljuca
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2024; 16(3): 157. CrossRef - Ultra-minimally invasive endoscopic techniques and colorectal diseases: Current status and its future
Nalini Kanta Ghosh, Ashok Kumar
Artificial Intelligence in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Optical enhancement mode 2 improves the detection rate of gastric neoplastic lesion in high‐risk populations: A multicenter randomized controlled clinical study
Wei An, Qi Wu, Xiao‐Ju Su, Hong‐Xin Sun, Jing Wang, Wei‐Jia Dou, Zhen‐Xiong Liu, Gai‐Fang Liu, Yue‐Han Zhang, Shu‐Chang Xu, Ying Chen, Hao Zhang, Bin Zhang, Ping Li, Si‐Yu Sun, Sheng Wang, Wen Liu, Xiao‐Feng Zhang, Yu‐Shu Zhang, Yi‐Jun Xu, Mei Liu, Xin‐Xi
United European Gastroenterology Journal.2024; 12(6): 772. CrossRef - An Electric Field Stereotaxis Method for Surgical Localization and Navigation of Solid Organs
Yuxin Fang, Fan Yang, Liang Tan, Wei He, Pengbo Wang, Xuefei Ding
IEEE Sensors Journal.2024; 24(12): 19736. CrossRef - Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer
Jacopo Fanizza, Sarah Bencardino, Mariangela Allocca, Federica Furfaro, Alessandra Zilli, Tommaso Lorenzo Parigi, Gionata Fiorino, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet, Silvio Danese, Ferdinando D’Amico
Cancers.2024; 16(17): 2943. CrossRef - The Past, Present and Future of Imaging Enhanced Endoscopy in Colon Tumor
Kyueng-Whan Min, One-Zoong Kim
Journal of Digestive Cancer Research.2024; 12(2): 90. CrossRef - Non-invasive early-stage cancer detection: current methods and future perspectives
Neelima Chacko, Rinat Ankri
Clinical and Experimental Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Design, fabrication, and preclinical testing of a miniaturized, multispectral, chip-on-tip, imaging probe for intraluminal fluorescence imaging of the gastrointestinal tract
Bridget Slomka, Suzann Duan, Thomas G. Knapp, Natzem Lima, Ricky Sontz, Juanita L. Merchant, Travis W. Sawyer
Frontiers in Photonics.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Methylene blue chromoendoscopy is more useful in detection of intestinal metaplasia in the stomach than mucosal pit pattern or vessel evaluation and predicts advanced Operative Link on Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia stages
Justyna Wasielica-Berger, Pawel Rogalski, Anna Pryczynicz, Agnieszka Swidnicka-Siergiejko, Andrzej Dabrowski
Clinical Endoscopy.2023; 56(2): 203. CrossRef - Endoscopic Imaging for the Diagnosis of Neoplastic and Pre-Neoplastic Conditions of the Stomach
Bruno Costa Martins, Renata Nobre Moura, Angelo So Taa Kum, Carolina Ogawa Matsubayashi, Sergio Barbosa Marques, Adriana Vaz Safatle-Ribeiro
Cancers.2023; 15(9): 2445. CrossRef - A Blueprint for Transforming Indigos to Photoresponsive Molecular Tools
Chung‐Yang (Dennis) Huang, Stefan Hecht
Chemistry – A European Journal.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Narrow Band Imaging in Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing—How Does It Work?
Almut Niessen, Julie Cläre Nienstedt, Till Flügel, Jana-Christiane Koseki, Frank Müller, Jana Zang, Christina Pflug
Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research.2023; 66(6): 2035. CrossRef - Image-Integrated Magnetic Actuation Systems for Localization and Remote Actuation of Medical Miniature Robots: A Survey
Xingzhou Du, Jiangfan Yu
IEEE Transactions on Robotics.2023; 39(4): 2549. CrossRef - Next-Generation Endoscopy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Irene Zammarchi, Giovanni Santacroce, Marietta Iacucci
Diagnostics.2023; 13(15): 2547. CrossRef - A novel endoscopy image fusion system: combine white light imaging and compound band imaging
Shipeng Zhang, Ye Fu, Xinran Zhang, Tianyu Xie, Zhe Zhao, Hongen Liao
International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery.2023; 19(2): 331. CrossRef - Recent advances in devices and technologies that might prove revolutionary for colonoscopy procedures
Jonathan S. Galati, Kevin Lin, Seth A. Gross
Expert Review of Medical Devices.2023; 20(12): 1087. CrossRef - Revolutionizing healthcare by use of artificial intelligence in esophageal carcinoma – a narrative review
Anmol Mohan, Zoha Asghar, Rabia Abid, Rasish Subedi, Karishma Kumari, Sushil Kumar, Koushik Majumder, Aqsa I. Bhurgri, Usha Tejwaney, Sarwan Kumar
Annals of Medicine & Surgery.2023; 85(10): 4920. CrossRef - Consensus guidelines on the role of cholangioscopy to diagnose indeterminate biliary stricture
Phonthep Angsuwatcharakon, Santi Kulpatcharapong, Jong H. Moon, Mohan Ramchandani, James Lau, Hiroyuki Isayama, Dong W. Seo, Amit Maydeo, Hsiu-P. Wang, Yousuke Nakai, Thawee Ratanachu-ek, Amol Bapaye, Bing Hu, Benedict Devereaux, Ryan Ponnudurai, Christop
HPB.2022; 24(1): 17. CrossRef - Voltammetric Sensor Based on SeO2 Nanoparticles and Surfactants for Indigo Carmine Determination
Liya Kavieva, Guzel Ziyatdinova
Sensors.2022; 22(9): 3224. CrossRef - Role of Endoscopy in Management of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers
Jeff Liang, Yi Jiang, Yazan Abboud, Srinivas Gaddam
Diseases.2022; 11(1): 3. CrossRef - Linked Color Imaging Can Improve Detection Rate of Early Gastric Cancer in a High-Risk Population: A Multi-Center Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Jie Gao, Xiaofeng Zhang, Qianqian Meng, Hangbin Jin, Zhenhua Zhu, Zhijie Wang, Wei Qian, Luoman Zhang, Yan Liu, Min Min, Xing Chen, Haihua Chen, Shutang Han, Jun Xiao, Yalei Wang, Wei Han, Yapi Lu, Shuntian Cai, Weiqing Chen, Wen Ji, Xuhua Xiao, Qinghua Z
Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2021; 66(4): 1212. CrossRef - Full-field optical coherence tomography: novel imaging technique for extemporaneous high-resolution analysis of mucosal architecture in human gut biopsies
Lucille Quénéhervé, Raphael Olivier, Michalina J Gora, Céline Bossard, Jean-François Mosnier, Emilie Benoit a la Guillaume, Claude Boccara, Charlène Brochard, Michel Neunlist, Emmanuel Coron
Gut.2021; 70(1): 6. CrossRef - Application of Current Image-Enhanced Endoscopy in Gastric Diseases
Wansik Lee
Clinical Endoscopy.2021; 54(4): 477. CrossRef - Endoscopic yield of chronic dyspepsia in outpatients: A single‐center experience in Cambodia
Borathchakra Oung, Khang Chea, Chakravuth Oung, Jean‐Christophe Saurin, Cynthia W Ko
JGH Open.2020; 4(1): 61. CrossRef - Role of image-enhanced endoscopy: how to improve colorectal polyp detection rates in the coming decade
Thomas R. McCarty, Hiroyuki Aihara
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2020; 91(1): 113. CrossRef - Artificial Intelligence Applied to Gastrointestinal Diagnostics
Vatsal Patel, Marium N. Khan, Aman Shrivastava, Kamran Sadiq, S. Asad Ali, Sean R. Moore, Donald E. Brown, Sana Syed
Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition.2020; 70(1): 4. CrossRef - The Role of Dual Red Imaging in Gastric Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
In Kyung Yoo, Joo Young Cho
Clinical Endoscopy.2020; 53(1): 1. CrossRef - Design of Multiband Switching Illumination With Low-Concentration Lugol Stain for Esophageal Cancer Detection
Kazuya Nakano, Yu Saito, Yoko Kurabuchi, Takashi Ohnishi, Satoshi Ota, Masaya Uesato, Hideaki Haneishi
IEEE Access.2020; 8: 216043. CrossRef - RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR ENDOSCOPIC (MEDICAL) IMAGES ENHANCEMENT
N. A. Obukhova, A. A. Motyko, A. A. Pozdeev
Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics.2019; (2): 22. CrossRef - A roadmap for the clinical implementation of optical-imaging biomarkers
Dale J. Waterhouse, Catherine R. M. Fitzpatrick, Brian W. Pogue, James P. B. O’Connor, Sarah E. Bohndiek
Nature Biomedical Engineering.2019; 3(5): 339. CrossRef - LED-Based Light Source Combined with Quantum Dot for Spectral Imaging
Young Min Bae, Dong-Goo Kang, Ki Young Shin, Wonju Lee, Dong-Wook Yoo
Journal of Nanomaterials.2019; 2019: 1. CrossRef - Usefulness of Narrow-Band Imaging in Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection of the Stomach
Jung-Wook Kim
Clinical Endoscopy.2018; 51(6): 527. CrossRef - A guide to multimodal endoscopy imaging for gastrointestinal malignancy — an early indicator
Arthur Hoffman, Henrik Manner, Johannes W. Rey, Ralf Kiesslich
Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2017; 14(7): 421. CrossRef - Linked colour imaging benefits the endoscopic diagnosis of distal gastric diseases
Xiaotian Sun, Yiliang Bi, Tenghui Dong, Min Min, Wei Shen, Yang Xu, Yan Liu
Scientific Reports.2017;[Epub] CrossRef - Linked color imaging application for improving the endoscopic diagnosis accuracy: a pilot study
Xiaotian Sun, Tenghui Dong, Yiliang Bi, Min Min, Wei Shen, Yang Xu, Yan Liu
Scientific Reports.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
-
17,972
View
-
334
Download
-
45
Web of Science
-
42
Crossref
Review
-
Recent Advances in Image-enhanced Endoscopy
-
Won Young Cho, Jae Young Jang, Don Haeng Lee, The Endoscopic Technology and Investigation Study Group
-
Clin Endosc 2011;44(2):65-75. Published online December 31, 2011
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2011.44.2.65
-
-
Abstract
PDF
PubReader
ePub
The desire to better recognized such malignancies, which may be difficult to distinguish from inflammation or trauma, has accelerated the development of endoscopy with new optical technologies. Narrow-band imaging is a novel endoscopic technique that may enhance the accuracy of diagnosis using narrow-bandwidth filters in a red-green-blue sequential illumination system. Autofluorescence imaging is based on the detection of natural tissue fluorescence emitted by endogenous molecules. I-scan technology using a digital filter that modifies normal images through software functions, is the newly developed image-enhanced endoscopic technology from PENTAX. Flexible spectral imaging color enhancement enhances the visualization of mucosal structure and microcirculation by the selection of spectral transmittance with a dedicated wavelength. Confocal laser endomicroscopy images were collected with an argon beam with a scanning depth of 0 (epithelium) to 250 µm (lamina propria) and analyzed using the reflected light.
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- A color‐based tumor segmentation method for clinical ex vivo breast tissue assessment utilizing a multi‐contrast brightfield imaging strategy
Roujia Wang, Lillian Ekem, Jennifer Gallagher, Rachel E. Factor, Allison Hall, Nimmi Ramanujam
Journal of Biophotonics.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - From Staining Techniques to Artificial Intelligence: A Review of Colorectal Polyps Characterization
Kareem Khalaf, Mary Raina Angeli Fujiyoshi, Marco Spadaccini, Tommy Rizkala, Daryl Ramai, Matteo Colombo, Alessandro Fugazza, Antonio Facciorusso, Silvia Carrara, Cesare Hassan, Alessandro Repici
Medicina.2024; 60(1): 89. CrossRef - Spectral Endoscopy: Technical Means and Methods
Vitold E. Pozhar
Light & Engineering.2022; (06-2022): 7. CrossRef - A survey of feature extraction and fusion of deep learning for detection of abnormalities in video endoscopy of gastrointestinal-tract
Hussam Ali, Muhammad Sharif, Mussarat Yasmin, Mubashir Husain Rehmani, Farhan Riaz
Artificial Intelligence Review.2020; 53(4): 2635. CrossRef - RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR ENDOSCOPIC (MEDICAL) IMAGES ENHANCEMENT
N. A. Obukhova, A. A. Motyko, A. A. Pozdeev
Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics.2019; (2): 22. CrossRef - Surgical Management of Dysplasia and Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
James Ansell, Fabian Grass, Amit Merchea
Surgical Clinics of North America.2019; 99(6): 1111. CrossRef - Computer assisted gastric abnormalities detection using hybrid texture descriptors for chromoendoscopy images
Hussam Ali, Mussarat Yasmin, Muhammad Sharif, Mubashir Husain Rehmani
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine.2018; 157: 39. CrossRef - Does the Numerical Colour Value (NCV) correlate with preneoplastic and neoplastic colorectal lesions?
Natalia Strzelczyk, Sebastian Kwiatek, Wojciech Latos, Aleksander Sieroń, Agata Stanek
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy.2018; 23: 353. CrossRef - Method for Separation of Blood Vessels on the Three-Color Images of Biological Tissues
S. A. Lisenko
Journal of Applied Spectroscopy.2017; 84(3): 439. CrossRef - Image Quality Analysis of Various Gastrointestinal Endoscopes: Why Image Quality Is a Prerequisite for Proper Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy
Weon Jin Ko, Pyeong An, Kwang Hyun Ko, Ki Baik Hahm, Sung Pyo Hong, Joo Young Cho
Clinical Endoscopy.2015; 48(5): 374. CrossRef - Advanced bronchoscopic techniques in lung cancer: Narrow-band imaging & I-scan
Iman Galal
Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis.2015; 64(2): 299. CrossRef - The Past, Present, and Future of Image-Enhanced Endoscopy
Jae-Young Jang
Clinical Endoscopy.2015; 48(6): 466. CrossRef - Diagnostic Efficacy of Magnifying Endoscopy with Narrow-Band Imaging for Gastric Neoplasms: A Meta-Analysis
Xiuhe Lv, Chunhui Wang, Yan Xie, Zhaoping Yan, Robert L Schmidt
PLOS ONE.2015; 10(4): e0123832. CrossRef - Early detection of early gastric cancer using image-enhanced endoscopy: Current trends
Mingjun Song, Tiing Leong Ang
Gastrointestinal Intervention.2014; 3(1): 1. CrossRef - Molecular Imaging for Theranostics in Gastroenterology: One Stone to Kill Two Birds
Kwang Hyun Ko, Chang-Il Kown, Jong Min Park, Hoo Geun Lee, Na Young Han, Ki Baik Hahm
Clinical Endoscopy.2014; 47(5): 383. CrossRef - Systematic review of the diagnosis of gastric premalignant conditions and neoplasia with high-resolution endoscopic technologies
Ilze Kikuste, Raul Marques-Pereira, Matilde Monteiro-Soares, Pedro Pimentel-Nunes, Miguel Areia, Marcis Leja, Mário Dinis-Ribeiro
Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology.2013; 48(10): 1108. CrossRef - Screening for Precancerous Lesions of Upper Gastrointestinal Tract: From the Endoscopists' Viewpoint
Chen-Shuan Chung, Hsiu-Po Wang
Gastroenterology Research and Practice.2013; 2013: 1. CrossRef - Red-Flag Technologies in Gastric Neoplasia
Susana Gonzalez
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America.2013; 23(3): 581. CrossRef
-
8,635
View
-
102
Download
-
18
Crossref