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Focused Review Series: Image Enhanced Endoscopys
Advanced Imaging Technology Other than Narrow Band Imaging
Jun-Hyung Cho
Clin Endosc 2015;48(6):503-510.   Published online November 30, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2015.48.6.503
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
To improve the detection rate of gastrointestinal tumors, image-enhanced endoscopy has been widely used during screening and surveillance endoscopy in Korea. In addition to narrow band imaging (NBI) with/without magnification, various types of electronic chromoendoscopies have been used, including autofluorescence imaging, I-scan, and flexible spectral imaging color enhancement. These technologies enable the accurate characterization of tumors because they enable visualization of microvascular and microsurface patterns. The present review focuses on understanding the principle and clinical applications of advanced imaging technologies other than NBI.

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The Past, Present, and Future of Image-Enhanced Endoscopy
Jae-Young Jang
Clin Endosc 2015;48(6):466-475.   Published online November 30, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2015.48.6.466
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Despite the remarkable progress recently made to enhance the resolution of white-light endoscopy, detection, and diagnosis of premalignant lesions, such as adenomas and subtle early-stage cancers, remains a great challenge. As for example, although chromoendoscopy, such as endoscopy using indigo carmine, is useful for the early diagnosis of subtle lesions, the technique presents various disadvantages ranging from the time required for spray application of the dye and suctioning of excess dye to the increased difficulty in identifying lesions in the presence of severe inflammation and obstruction of visual field due to the pooling of solution in depressed-type lesions. To overcome these diagnostic problems associated with chromoendoscopy, research has focused on the development of endoscopes based on new optical technologies. Several types of image-enhanced endoscopy methods have recently been presented. In particular, image-enhanced endoscopy has emerged as a new paradigm for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. Image-enhanced endoscopes provide high-contrast images of lesions by means of optical or electronic technologies, including the contrast enhancement of the mucosal surface and of blood vessels. Chromoendoscopy, narrow-band imaging, i-SCAN, and flexible spectral imaging color enhancement are representative examples of image-enhanced endoscopy discussed in this paper.

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Review
Recent Advances in Image-enhanced Endoscopy
Won Young Cho, Jae Young Jang, Don Haeng Lee, The Endoscopic Technology and Investigation Study Group
Clin Endosc 2011;44(2):65-75.   Published online December 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2011.44.2.65
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

The desire to better recognized such malignancies, which may be difficult to distinguish from inflammation or trauma, has accelerated the development of endoscopy with new optical technologies. Narrow-band imaging is a novel endoscopic technique that may enhance the accuracy of diagnosis using narrow-bandwidth filters in a red-green-blue sequential illumination system. Autofluorescence imaging is based on the detection of natural tissue fluorescence emitted by endogenous molecules. I-scan technology using a digital filter that modifies normal images through software functions, is the newly developed image-enhanced endoscopic technology from PENTAX. Flexible spectral imaging color enhancement enhances the visualization of mucosal structure and microcirculation by the selection of spectral transmittance with a dedicated wavelength. Confocal laser endomicroscopy images were collected with an argon beam with a scanning depth of 0 (epithelium) to 250 µm (lamina propria) and analyzed using the reflected light.

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