Clinical Endoscopy

Reviews

Endoscopic vacuum therapy for gastrointestinal transmural defects: a literature review: Tan Minh Le, Van Huy Tran, Kyu Sung Chung, Seong Woo Jeon; Clin Endosc 2025;58(2):181-190. Published online November 8, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.150

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) has emerged as a transformative approach for managing gastrointestinal (GI) transmural defects, offering a less invasive and more promising alternative to surgery. Initially developed to address anastomotic leaks after rectal surgery, the application of EVT has expanded to include other locations within the GI tract. This review investigated the principles, indications, procedures, outcomes, challenges, and future perspectives of EVT for the management of GI transmural defects. In conclusion, EVT has demonstrated favorable outcomes in GI defect closure, with reduced complications, shortened hospital stay, and decreased morbidity rates as compared with conventional treatments. Although EVT faces challenges in some specific anatomical locations and in managing severe complications such as major bleeding, ongoing advancements in technology and standardization efforts offer promise for broader indications and better outcomes. Future perspectives include exploring novel EVT devices, refining patient selection criteria and pre-emptive applications, and standardizing procedural protocols.

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Image-enhanced endoscopy in upper gastrointestinal disease: focusing on texture and color enhancement imaging and red dichromatic imaging: Jae Yong Park; Clin Endosc 2025;58(2):163-180. Published online November 6, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.159

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Endoscopic examination plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract diseases. Despite advancements in endoscopic imaging, the detection of subtle early cancers and premalignant lesions using white-light imaging alone remains challenging. This review discusses two novel image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) techniques–texture and color enhancement imaging (TXI) and red dichromatic imaging (RDI)–and their potential applications in UGI diseases. TXI enhances texture, brightness, and color tone, which improves the visibility of mucosal irregularities and facilitates earlier detection of neoplastic lesions. Studies have suggested that TXI enhances the color differences between lesions and the surrounding mucosa and improves the visibility of the lesion. TXI aids in the diagnosis of various UGI diseases, including early gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, premalignant conditions such as atrophic gastritis and Barrett’s esophagus, and duodenal tumors. RDI utilizes specific wavelengths to enhance the visualization of deep blood vessels or bleeding points, aiding in the rapid and accurate identification of bleeding sources during endoscopic procedures. Although promising, TXI and RDI require further large-scale studies across diverse populations to establish their clinical utility, diagnostic performance, and cost-effectiveness before integration into the guidelines. Standardized training is also required for effective utilization. Overall, these IEE techniques has the potential to improve the diagnosis and management of UGI.

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Endoscopic treatment of upper gastrointestinal postsurgical leaks: a narrative review: Renato Medas, Eduardo Rodrigues-Pinto; Clin Endosc 2023;56(6):693-705. Published online July 3, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.043

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Upper gastrointestinal postsurgical leaks are life-threatening conditions with high mortality rates and are one of the most feared complications of surgery. Leaks are challenging to manage and often require radiological, endoscopic, or surgical intervention. Steady advancements in interventional endoscopy in recent decades have allowed the development of new endoscopic devices and techniques that provide a more effective and minimally invasive therapeutic option compared to surgery. Since there is no consensus regarding the most appropriate therapeutic approach for managing postsurgical leaks, this review aimed to summarize the best available current data. Our discussion specifically focuses on leak diagnosis, treatment aims, comparative endoscopic technique outcomes, and combined multimodality approach efficacy.

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Intravaginal endoscopic vacuum therapy of a rectovaginal fistula: expanding boundaries
Renato Medas, Guilherme Macedo, Eduardo Rodrigues-Pinto
Endoscopy.2025; 57(S 01): E30. CrossRef
Post-Surgical Leaks of the Upper Digestive Tract – The Importance of an Early Endoscopic Approach
I Tarrio, A Andrade, A R Ribeiro, M Moreira, T Araújo, L Lopes
Endoscopy.2025; 57(S 02): S298. CrossRef
Endoscopic vacuum therapy for gastrointestinal transmural defects: a literature review
Tan Minh Le, Van Huy Tran, Kyu Sung Chung, Seong Woo Jeon
Clinical Endoscopy.2025; 58(2): 181. CrossRef
RESULTS OF THE APPLICATION OF ENDOSURGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF EARLY INTRAABDOMINAL COMPLICATIONS IN POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD
I. A. Yusubov, E. Y. Sharifov
World of Medicine and Biology.2024; 20(89): 184. CrossRef

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Role of endoscopy in patients with achalasia: So Young Han, Young Hoon Youn; Clin Endosc 2023;56(5):537-545. Published online June 2, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.001

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder characterized by impaired lower esophageal sphincter relaxation and peristalsis of the esophageal body. With the increasing prevalence of achalasia, interest in the role of endoscopy in its diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring is also growing. The major diagnostic modalities for achalasia include high-resolution manometry, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and barium esophagography. Endoscopic assessment is important for early diagnosis to rule out diseases that mimic achalasia symptoms, such as pseudo-achalasia, esophageal cancer, esophageal webs, and eosinophilic esophagitis. The major endoscopic characteristics suggestive of achalasia include a widened esophageal lumen and food residue in the esophagus. Once diagnosed, achalasia can be treated either endoscopically or surgically. The preference for endoscopic treatment is increasing owing to its minimal invasiveness. Botulinum toxins, pneumatic balloon dilation, and peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) are important endoscopic treatments. Previous studies have demonstrated excellent treatment outcomes for POEM, with >95% improvement in dysphagia, making POEM the mainstay treatment option for achalasia. Several studies have reported an increased risk of esophageal cancer in patients with achalasia. However, routine endoscopic surveillance remains controversial owing to the lack of sufficient data. Further studies on surveillance methods and duration are warranted to establish concordant guidelines for the endoscopic surveillance of achalasia.

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O papel da endoscopia no diagnóstico e tratamento de Acalasia
Rebeca Silva Moreira da Fraga, José Joaquim de Almeida Figueiredo, Thaisa de Moraes Ribeiro Espírito Santo, Esteban Sadovsky
Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Saúde/Brazilian Journal of Health Research.2025; 26(supl_3): 107. CrossRef
The role of cap-assisted endoscopy and its future implications
Sol Kim, Bo-In Lee
Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(3): 293. CrossRef
Never judge a book by its cover: the role of timed barium esophagography in patients with complete symptom relief after peroral endoscopic myotomy
Tae Hee Lee
Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(5): 604. CrossRef
Advanced Esophageal Endoscopy
Kyoungwon Jung, Rebecca M. Haug, Andrew Y. Wang
Gastroenterology Clinics of North America.2024; 53(4): 603. CrossRef
Case of Concomitant Endoscopic Treatment of Achalasia with Superficial Esophageal Cancer
Myung-Hun Lee, Kyoungwon Jung, Jae Hyun Kim, Sung Eun Kim, Won Moon, Moo In Park, Seun Ja Park
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 82(5): 248. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Stereomicroscopic on-site evaluation in endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition of upper gastrointestinal subepithelial lesions: Seigo Nakatani, Kosuke Okuwaki, Masafumi Watanabe, Hiroshi Imaizumi, Tomohisa Iwai, Takaaki Matsumoto, Rikiya Hasegawa, Hironori Masutani, Takahiro Kurosu, Akihiro Tamaki, Junro Ishizaki, Ayana Ishizaki, Mitsuhiro Kida, Chika Kusano; Clin Endosc 2024;57(1):89-95. Published online April 18, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2022.288

Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background
/Aims: In stereomicroscopic sample isolation processing, the cutoff value (≥4 mm) of stereomicroscopically visible white cores indicates high diagnostic sensitivity. We aimed to evaluate endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA) using a simplified stereomicroscopic on-site evaluation of upper gastrointestinal subepithelial lesions (SELs).
Methods
In this multicenter prospective trial, we performed EUS-TA using a 22-gauge Franseen needle in 34 participants with SELs derived from the upper gastrointestinal muscularis propria, requiring pathological diagnosis. The presence of stereomicroscopically visible white core (SVWC) in each specimen was assessed using stereomicroscopic on-site evaluation. The primary outcome was EUS-TA’s diagnostic sensitivity with stereomicroscopic on-site evaluation based on the SVWC cutoff value (≥4 mm) for malignant upper gastrointestinal SELs.
Results
The total number of punctures was 68; 61 specimens (89.7%) contained stereomicroscopically visible white cores ≥4 mm in size. The final diagnoses were gastrointestinal stromal tumor, leiomyoma, and schwannoma in 76.5%, 14.7%, and 8.8% of the cases, respectively. The sensitivity of EUS-TA with stereomicroscopic on-site evaluation based on the SVWC cutoff value for malignant SELs was 100%. The per-lesion accuracy of histological diagnosis reached the highest level (100%) at the second puncture.
Conclusions
Stereomicroscopic on-site evaluation showed high diagnostic sensitivity and could be a new method for diagnosing upper gastrointestinal SELs using EUS-TA.

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Adverse events of 20–22G second‐generation endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle biopsy needles for solid lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract and adjacent organs: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Cheng‐ye Pan, Shi‐min Wang, Dong‐hao Cai, Jia‐yi Ma, Shi‐yu Li, Yibin Guo, Sun Jing, Jin Zhendong, Kaixuan Wang
Digestive Endoscopy.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Case Report: Rare duodenal schwannoma diagnosis and treatment process report
Shan Li, Lingyu Tu, Ting Li, Xiongchuan Pei, Xijin Wang, Yanqing Shi
Frontiers in Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Advancements in endoscopic resection of subepithelial tumors: toward safer, recurrence-free techniques
Won Shik Kim, Moon Kyung Joo
Clinical Endoscopy.2025; 58(2): 256. CrossRef
What method can we choose if rapid on-site evaluation is not available for the endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition of upper gastrointestinal subepithelial lesions?
Yu Kyung Cho
Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(1): 53. CrossRef
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Tissue Acquisition Using Fork-Tip Needle for Subepithelial Lesions: A Single-Center Validation Study
Masafumi Watanabe, Kosuke Okuwaki, Tomohisa Iwai, Mitsuhiro Kida, Hiroshi Imaizumi, Kai Adachi, Akihiro Tamaki, Junro Ishizaki, Taro Hanaoka, Chika Kusano
Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2024; 69(7): 2567. CrossRef
Impact of macroscopic on-site evaluation (MOSE) on accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration/biopsy of solid lesions
Hussein Okasha, Ahmed Ebrahim, Ihab Samih, Mohammed Sayed
International Journal of Gastrointestinal Intervention.2024; 13(3): 98. CrossRef
Role of macroscopic on-site evaluation of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration/biopsy: Results of a multicentric prospective study
Hussein H Okasha, Hiwa A Hussein, Khaled M Ragab, Omar Abdallah, Fedoua Rouibaa, Borahma Mohamed, Fahd Ghalim, Mahmoud Farouk, Mohamed Lasheen, Mohamed A Elbasiony, Ahmed E Alzamzamy, Ahmed El Deeb, Hassan Atalla, Mahmoud El-Ansary, Sahar Mohamed, Moaz El
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2024; 16(11): 595. CrossRef
An Esophageal Leiomyoma with Cystic Degeneration Mimicking a Malignant Neoplasm
Gwang Ha Kim, Dong Chan Joo, Moon Won Lee, Bong Eun Lee, Kyungbin Kim
The Ewha Medical Journal.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Endoscopic internal drainage with double pigtail stents for upper gastrointestinal anastomotic leaks: suitable for all cases?: Bin Chet Toh, Jingli Chong, Baldwin PM Yeung, Chin Hong Lim, Eugene KW Lim, Weng Hoong Chan, Jeremy TH Tan; Clin Endosc 2022;55(3):401-407. Published online January 6, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2021.197

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background
/Aims: Surgeons and endoscopists have started to use endoscopically inserted double pigtail stents (DPTs) in the management of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) leaks, including UGI anastomotic leaks. We investigated our own experiences in this patient population.
Methods
From March 2017 to June 2020, 12 patients had endoscopic internal drainage of a radiologically proven anastomotic leak after UGI surgery in two tertiary UGI centers. The primary outcome measure was the time to removal of the DPTs after anastomotic healing. The secondary outcome measure was early oral feeding after DPT insertion.
Results
Eight of the 12 patients (67%) required only one DPT, whereas four (33%) required two DPTs. The median duration of drainage was 42 days. Two patients required surgery due to inadequate control of sepsis. Of the remaining 10 patients, nine did not require a change in DPT before anastomotic healing. Nine patients were allowed oral fluids within the 1st week and a soft diet in the 2nd week. One patient was allowed clear oral feeds on the 8th day after DPT insertion.
Conclusions
Endoscopic internal drainage is becoming an established minimally invasive technique for controlling anastomotic leak after UGI surgery. It allows for early oral nutritional feeding and minimizes discomfort from conventional external drainage.

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Managing Leaks and Fistulas After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: Challenges and Solutions
Jordan Gipe, Alexandra Agathis, SQ Nguyen
Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology.2025; Volume 18: 1. CrossRef
Endoscopic Intervention for Anastomotic Leakage After Gastrectomy
Ji Yoon Kim, Hyunsoo Chung
Journal of Gastric Cancer.2024; 24(1): 108. CrossRef
Endoscopic Management of Post-Sleeve Gastrectomy Complications
Muaaz Masood, Donald E. Low, Shanley B. Deal, Richard A. Kozarek
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(7): 2011. CrossRef
Endoscopic Internal Drainage Achieving Successful Closure of Iatrogenic Pharyngoesophageal Fistula
Ahmad Rimawi, Yahia Al-Turk, Abdul Monem Swied
ACG Case Reports Journal.2023; 10(10): e01191. CrossRef

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Reduced Intravenous Fluorescein Dose for Upper and Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Probe-Based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy: Kazuya Inoki, Seiichiro Abe, Yusaku Tanaka, Koji Yamamoto, Daisuke Hihara, Ryoji Ichijima, Yukihiro Nakatani, HsinYu Chen, Hiroyuki Takamaru, Masau Sekiguchi, Masayoshi Yamada, Taku Sakamoto, Satoru Nonaka, Haruhisa Suzuki, Shigetaka Yoshinaga, Ichiro Oda, Takahisa Matsuda, Yutaka Saito; Clin Endosc 2021;54(3):363-370. Published online September 8, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2020.058

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background
/Aims: Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) requires the administration of intravenous (IV) fluorescein. This study aimed to determine the optimal dose of IV fluorescein for both upper and lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract pCLE.
Methods
Patients 20 to 79 years old with gastric high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or colorectal neoplasms (CRNs) were enrolled in the study. The dose de-escalation method was employed with five levels. The primary endpoint of the study was the determination of the optimal dose of IV fluorescein for pCLE of the GI tract. The reduced dose was determined based on off-line reviews by three endoscopists. An insufficient dose of fluorescein was defined as the dose of fluorescein with which the pCLE images were not deemed to be visible. If all three endoscopists determined that the tissue structure was visible, the doses were de-escalated.
Results
A total of 12 patients with gastric HGD and 12 patients with CRNs were enrolled in the study. Doses were de-escalated to 0.5 mg/kg of fluorescein for both non-neoplastic duodenal and colorectal mucosa. All gastric HGD or CRNs were visible with pCLE with IV fluorescein at 0.5 mg/kg.
Conclusions
In the present study, pCLE with IV fluorescein 0.5 mg/kg was adequate to visualize the magnified structure of both the upper and lower GI tract.

Citations

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Prospective assessment of probe‐based confocal laser endomicroscopy under direct cholangioscopic visualization for biliary strictures that could not be definitively diagnosed using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (with video)
Yuki Tanisaka, Shomei Ryozawa, Masafumi Mizuide, Akashi Fujita, Ryuhei Jinushi, Ryuichi Watanabe, Ryo Sato, Tomoaki Tashima, Yumi Mashimo
DEN Open.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy: Enhancing Intraoperative Decision Making in Neurosurgery
Francesco Carbone, Nicola Pio Fochi, Giuseppe Di Perna, Arthur Wagner, Jürgen Schlegel, Elena Ranieri, Uwe Spetzger, Daniele Armocida, Fabio Cofano, Diego Garbossa, Augusto Leone, Antonio Colamaria
Diagnostics.2025; 15(4): 499. CrossRef
Precision endoscopy in colorectal polyps' characterization and planning of endoscopic therapy
Francesco Vito Mandarino, Silvio Danese, Toshio Uraoka, Adolfo Parra‐Blanco, Yasuharu Maeda, Yutaka Saito, Shin‐Ei Kudo, Michael J. Bourke, Marietta Iacucci
Digestive Endoscopy.2024; 36(7): 761. CrossRef

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Focused Review Series: The New Era of Therapeutic Endoscopy - Endoscopic Submucosal Surgery

Endoscopic Treatment of Subepithelial Tumors: Su Young Kim, Kyoung-Oh Kim; Clin Endosc 2018;51(1):19-27. Published online January 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2018.020

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Gastrointestinal subepithelial tumors (SETs) are generally found during endoscopy and their incidence has gradually increased. Although the indications for the endoscopic treatment of patients with SETs remain to be established, the feasibility and safety of endoscopic dissection, including the advantages of this method compared with surgical treatment, have been validated in many studies. The development of endoscopic techniques, such as endoscopic submucosal dissection, endoscopic enucleation, endoscopic excavation, endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection, submucosal tunnel endoscopic resection, and endoscopic full-thickness resection has enabled the removal of SETs while reducing the occurrence of complications. Here, we discuss the endoscopic treatment of patients with SETs, outcomes for endoscopic treatment, and procedure-related complications. We also consider the advantages and disadvantages of the various endoscopic techniques.

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Minimally invasive treatment strategies for submucosal tumors of the upper gastrointestinal tract: Advances in innovative endoscopy-based therapies
Yuxiang Chen, Xinrui Zhu, Shasha Ding, Mo Chen, Jinlin Yang, Kai Deng
European Journal of Surgical Oncology.2025; 51(5): 109626. CrossRef
Clinical characteristics and esophageal motility in patients with gastric cardia submucosal tumors and associated changes after endoscopic resection
Kuang-Fang Lin, Chien-Chuan Chen, Chieh-Chang Chen, Ming-Lun Han, Hsiu-Po Wang, Ming-Shiang Wu, Ping-Huei Tseng
Surgical Endoscopy.2025; 39(3): 1961. CrossRef
Present situation of minimally invasive surgical treatment for early gastric cancer
Chun-Yan Li, Yi-Feng Wang, Li-Kang Luo, Xiao-Jun Yang
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology.2024; 16(4): 1154. CrossRef
Endoscopic removal of gastrointestinal lesions by using third space endoscopy techniques
Paolo Cecinato, Emanuele Sinagra, Liboria Laterza, Federica Pianigiani, Giuseppe Grande, Romano Sassatelli, Giovanni Barbara
Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology.2024; 71: 101931. CrossRef
Endoscopic resection in subepithelial lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract: Experience at a tertiary referral hospital in The Netherlands
Cynthia Verloop, Lieke Hol, Marco Bruno, Lydi Van Driel, Arjun Dave Koch
Endoscopy International Open.2024; 12(07): E868. CrossRef
Cold snare endoscopic resection for subepithelial tumors of the upper third of the esophagus
Xiaosan Hu, Lifeng Zhou, Jian Chen, Yunlin Yue
Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
An Atypical Presentation of a Colonic Lipoma: Avoiding Surgery with a Deeper Endoscopic Look
Mafalda João, Inês Cunha, Elisa Gravito-Soares, Marta Gravito-Soares, Pedro Amaro, Pedro Figueiredo
GE - Portuguese Journal of Gastroenterology.2022; 29(1): 45. CrossRef
Endoscopic Resection of Upper Gastrointestinal Subepithelial Tumours: Our Clinical Experience and Results
Mehmet Zeki Buldanlı, Oktay Yener
Prague Medical Report.2022; 123(1): 20. CrossRef
Natural History of Asymptomatic Esophageal Subepithelial Tumors of 30 mm or Less in Size
Seokin Kang, Do Hoon Kim, Yuri Kim, Dongsub Jeon, Hee Kyong Na, Jeong Hoon Lee, Ji Yong Ahn, Kee Wook Jung, Kee Don Choi, Ho June Song, Gin Hyug Lee, Hwoon-Yong Jung
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Risk stratification in patients with upper gastrointestinal submucosal tumors undergoing submucosal tunnel endoscopic resection
Yong Lv, Shaohua Li, Xiuhe Lv, Qing Liu, Yu Zheng, Yang Su, Changbin Yang, Yanglin Pan, Liping Yao, Huahong Xie
Frontiers in Medicine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Endoscopic versus surgical resection in the management of gastric schwannomas
Ya-qi Zhai, Ning-li Chai, Wen-gang Zhang, Hui-kai Li, Zhong-sheng Lu, Xiu-xue Feng, Sheng-zhen Liu, En-qiang Linghu
Surgical Endoscopy.2021; 35(11): 6132. CrossRef
Endoscopic Full-Thickness Resection for Gastric Subepithelial Lesions Arising from the Muscularis Propria
Ah Lon Jung, Sang Wook Park, Gun Young Hong, Hyeong Chul Moon, Seo Joon Eun
Clinical Endoscopy.2021; 54(1): 131. CrossRef
A Review of Endoscopic Full-thickness Resection, Submucosal Tunneling Endoscopic Resection, and Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Resection of Subepithelial Lesions
Vicky H. Bhagat, Marina Kim, Michel Kahaleh
Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology.2021; 55(4): 309. CrossRef
A modified endoscopic full thickness resection for gastric subepithelial tumors from muscularis propria layer: Novel method
Jung Min Lee, In Kyung Yoo, Sung Pyo Hong, Joo Young Cho, Young Kwan Cho
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2021; 36(9): 2558. CrossRef
Endoscopic resection of esophageal and gastric submucosal tumors from the muscularis propria layer: submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection versus endoscopic submucosal excavation: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Fernando Lopes Ponte Neto, Diogo Turiani Hourneaux de Moura, Vitor Massaro Takamatsu Sagae, Igor Braga Ribeiro, Fabio Catache Mancini, Mateus Bond Boghossian, Thomas R. McCarty, Nelson Tomio Miyajima, Edson Ide, Wanderley Marques Bernardo, Eduardo Guimarã
Surgical Endoscopy.2021; 35(12): 6413. CrossRef
The retrospective comparison between submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection and endoscopic submucosal excavation for managing esophageal submucosal tumors originating from the muscularis propria layer
Yingtong Chen, Min Wang, Lili Zhao, He Chen, Li Liu, Xiang Wang, Zhining Fan
Surgical Endoscopy.2020; 34(1): 417. CrossRef
Ligation-assisted endoscopic mucosal resection for esophageal granular cell tumors is safe and effective
Shria Kumar, Vinay Chandrasekhara, Michael L Kochman, Nuzhat Ahmad, Sara Attalla, Immanuel K Ho, David L Jaffe, Peter J Lee, Kashyap V Panganamamula, Monica Saumoy, Danielle Fortuna, Gregory G Ginsberg
Diseases of the Esophagus.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Endoscopic Full Thickness Resection for Gastrointestinal Tumors - Challenges and Solutions
Hung Leng Kaan, Khek Yu Ho
Clinical Endoscopy.2020; 53(5): 541. CrossRef
Gestielter submuköser Tumor im Jejunum
Tanja Miltner
Der Gastroenterologe.2019; 14(6): 470. CrossRef
Submucosal Tunnel Endoscopic Resection for Esophageal Submucosal Tumors: A Multicenter Study
Sufang Tu, Silin Huang, Guohua Li, Xiaowei Tang, Haitao Qing, Qiaoping Gao, Jingwen Fu, Guoping Du, Wei Gong
Gastroenterology Research and Practice.2018; 2018: 1. CrossRef

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Focused Review Series: Advances in the management of upper GI SET

Role of Endoscopic Ultrasonography in Guiding Treatment Plans for Upper Gastrointestinal Subepithelial Tumors: Jeong Seop Moon; Clin Endosc 2016;49(3):220-225. Published online May 20, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2016.047

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Gastrointestinal (GI) subepithelial tumors (SETs) are usually observed incidentally by endoscopy and have diverse prognoses, varying from benign to potentially malignant. When a GI SET is suspected, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is the most accurate diagnostic method to differentiate it from extraluminal compression. To determine the nature of GI SETs, EUS is also the most accurate diagnostic method, and reveals the precise sonographic nature of the lesion. There are some SETs with typical EUS findings of GI SETs, but most hypoechoic lesions are difficult to diagnose based on EUS images alone. EUS is also helpful to determine GI wall involvement in SETs and optimal treatment methods. For the diagnosis of GI SETs, obtaining a proper specimen is essential. EUS-guided cytology or biopsy methods such as fine-needle aspiration, Tru-Cut biopsy, and the newly introduced fine-needle biopsy (FNB) provide good results. To increase the diagnostic yield for GI SETs, cytology with immunocytochemical staining is used for cytological interpretation, resulting in good diagnostic yields. Recently, EUS-FNB using cheese slicer technology has been introduced, and has been reported to provide good diagnostic results for GI SETs.

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Orthodontic rubber band traction to facilitate endoscopic resection of gastric submucosal tumor
Linfu Zheng, Dazhou Li, Linxin Zhou, Xiaoyu Zhang, Zewen Zhang, Donggui Hong, Meiyan Liu, Jianxiao Huang, Wen Wang
Arab Journal of Gastroenterology.2024; 25(3): 263. CrossRef
The value of contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasound in differential diagnosis and evaluation of malignant risk of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (<50mm)
Jiali Wu, Mengqi Zhuang, Yubao Zhou, Xiang Zhan, Weiwei Xie
Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 58(5): 542. CrossRef
Prevalence, natural progression, and clinical practices of upper gastrointestinal subepithelial lesions in Korea: a multicenter study
Younghee Choe, Yu Kyung Cho, Gwang Ha Kim, Jun-Ho Choi, Eun Soo Kim, Ji Hyun Kim, Eun Kwang Choi, Tae Hyeon Kim, Seong-Hun Kim, Do Hoon Kim
Clinical Endoscopy.2023; 56(6): 744. CrossRef
Nomogram to predict gas-related complications during transoral endoscopic resection of upper gastrointestinal submucosal lesions
Jia Yang, Zhi-Guo Chen, Xing-Lin Yi, Jing Chen, Lei Chen
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2023; 15(11): 649. CrossRef
Clinical study of submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection in the treatment of submucosal tumor originating from the muscularis propria layer of the esophagus
Yue Zhang, Jing Wen, Shuxian Zhang, Xuyang Liang, Ling Ren, Lu Wang, Yunliang Sun, Shouying Li, Kun Wang, Shengxiang Lv, Xiao Qiao
Medicine.2022; 101(51): e32380. CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection for gastric submucosal tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
bendaxin cao, JiaXi Lu, YuYong Tan, DeLiang Liu
Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection for upper gastrointestinal submucosal tumors with more than 1-year' follow-up: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Wei Peng, Shali Tan, Shu Huang, Yutang Ren, Huan Li, Yan Peng, Xiangsheng Fu, Xiaowei Tang
Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology.2019; 54(4): 397. CrossRef
Predicting Malignancy Risk in Gastrointestinal Subepithelial Tumors with Contrast-Enhanced Harmonic Endoscopic Ultrasonography Using Perfusion Analysis Software
Hyun Seok Lee, Chang Min Cho, Yong Hwan Kwon, Su Youn Nam
Gut and Liver.2019; 13(2): 161. CrossRef
Current Status of Endoscopic Ultrasonography in Gastrointestinal Subepithelial Tumors
Sang Gyun Kim, Ji Hyun Song, Joo Ha Hwang
Clinical Endoscopy.2019; 52(4): 301. CrossRef
Comparison of the Diagnostic Ability of Endoscopic Ultrasonography and Abdominopelvic Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Gastric Subepithelial Tumors
Sang Yoon Kim, Ki-Nam Shim, Joo-Ho Lee, Ji Young Lim, Tae Oh Kim, A. Reum Choe, Chung Hyun Tae, Hye-Kyung Jung, Chang Mo Moon, Seong-Eun Kim, Sung-Ae Jung
Clinical Endoscopy.2019; 52(6): 565. CrossRef
An Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Lymph Node Metastasis Presenting as a Small Subepithelial Tumor
Jang Won Park, Eun Jeong Gong, Myeongsook Seo, Baek Gyu Jun, Hyun Il Seo, Jong Kyu Park, Koon Hee Han, Sang Jin Lee, Young Don Kim, Woo Jin Jeong, Gab Jin Cheon
The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research.2019; 19(4): 272. CrossRef
Diagnosis of Gastric Subepithelial Tumors Using Endoscopic Ultrasonography or Abdominopelvic Computed Tomography: Which is Better?
Eun Young Park, Gwang Ha Kim
Clinical Endoscopy.2019; 52(6): 519. CrossRef
ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND IN DIAGNOSIS OF GASTROINTESTINAL AND PANCREATICOBILIARY DISEASES
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Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy.2019; : 87. CrossRef
Feasibility of a 20-gauge ProCore needle in EUS-guided subepithelial tumor sampling: a prospective multicenter study
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Focused Review Series: Updates on Gastrointestinal and Pancreaticobiliary Stents

Upper Gastrointestinal Stent Insertion in Malignant and Benign Disorders: Hyoun Woo Kang, Sang Gyun Kim; Clin Endosc 2015;48(3):187-193. Published online May 29, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2015.48.3.187

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Upper gastrointestinal (GI) stents are increasingly being used to manage upper GI obstructions. Initially developed for palliative treatment of esophageal cancer, upper GI stents now play an emerging role in benign strictures of the upper GI tract. Because recurrent obstruction and stent-related complications are common, new modifications of stents have been implemented. Self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) have replaced older plastic stents. In addition, newly designed SEMS have been developed to prevent complications. This review provides an overview of the various types, indications, methods, complications, and clinical outcomes of upper GI stents in a number of malignant and benign disorders dividing the esophagus and gastroduodenum.

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Focused Review Series: Endoscopic Management of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Endoscopic Management of Dieulafoy's Lesion: Hye Kyung Jeon, Gwang Ha Kim; Clin Endosc 2015;48(2):112-120. Published online March 27, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2015.48.2.112

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

A Dieulafoy's lesion is a vascular abnormality consisting of a large caliber-persistent tortuous submucosal artery. A small mucosal defect with the eruption of this protruding vessel can cause bleeding. In fact, a Dieulafoy's lesion is a relatively rare but potentially life-threatening condition. It accounts for 1% to 2% of cases of acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Although there is no consensus on the treatment of Dieulafoy's lesions; treatment options depend on the mode of presentation, site of the lesion, and available expertise. Endoscopic therapy is usually successful in achieving primary hemostasis, with hemostasis success rates reaching 75% to 100%. Although various therapeutic endoscopic methods are used to control bleeding in Dieulafoy's lesions, the best method for endoscopic intervention is not clear. Combination endoscopic therapy is known to be superior to monotherapy because of a lower rate of recurrent bleeding. In addition, mechanical therapies including hemostatic clipping and endoscopic band ligation are more effective and successful in controlling bleeding than other endoscopic methods. Advances in endoscopic techniques have reduced mortality in patients with Dieulafoy's lesion-from 80% to 8%-and consequently, the need for surgical intervention has been reduced. Currently, surgical intervention is used for cases that fail therapeutic endoscopic or angiographic interventions.

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Special Issue Article of IDEN 2013

Refractory Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Role of Angiographic Intervention: Ji Hoon Shin; Clin Endosc 2013;46(5):486-491. Published online September 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2013.46.5.486

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Although endoscopic hemostasis remains initial treatment modality for nonvariceal gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, severe bleeding despite endoscopic management occurs in 5% to 10% of the patients, requiring surgery or transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). TAE is now considered the first-line therapy for massive GI bleeding refractory to endoscopic management. GI endoscopists need to be familiar with indications, principles, outcomes, and complications of TAE, as well as embolic materials available.

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Original Article

Ultrathin Endoscope-Assisted Method for the Management of Upper Gastrointestinal Obstruction to Avoid Technical Failure: Jong In Kim, Joon Sung Kim, Byung-Wook Kim, Joo-Yong Song, Joo Ho Ham, Bo-In Lee, Hye-Jung Choi, Jeong-Seon Ji, Hwang Choi; Clin Endosc 2013;46(4):373-378. Published online July 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2013.46.4.373

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background/Aims

Endoscopic management of upper gastrointestinal obstruction is safe and feasible. However, its technical and clinical success rate is about 90%, which is primarily due to inability to pass a guide-wire through the stricture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of an ultrathin endoscope for correct placement of guide wire to avoid technical failure in upper gastrointestinal obstruction.

Methods

Retrospective assessment of ultrathin endoscope to traverse the stenosis of the upper gastrointestinal tract in technically difficult cases was performed. Technical and clinical success rates and immediate complications were analyzed.

Results

Nine cases were included in this study (eight cases of stent insertion and one case of balloon dilatation). Technical success was achieved in all of the patients (100%) and oral feeding was feasible in all of the cases (100%). Immediate complications, such as migration, perforation, and hemorrhage, did not develop in any of the cases.

Conclusions

Ultrathin endoscope-assisted method for upper gastrointestinal obstruction is potentially safe and useful to avoid technical failure.

Citations

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Tae-Geun Gweon, Chul-Hyun Lim, Jinsu Kim, Dong Hoon Kang, Bo In Lee, Young-Seok Cho
Surgical Endoscopy.2023; 37(10): 7600. CrossRef
Fluoroscopic Gastroduodenal Stent Placement in 55 Patients with Endoscopic Stent Placement Failure
Nader Bekheet, Min Tae Kim, Jung-Hoon Park, Kun Yung Kim, Jiaywei Tsauo, Wang Zhe, Young Je Lim, Ho-Young Song
CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology.2018; 41(8): 1233. CrossRef
Fluoroscopic-guided stent placement in failed tentative endoscopic approaches to malignant gastroduodenal obstructions
Soo Hwan Kim, Ho-Young Song, Jung-Hoon Park, Wei-Zhong Zhou, Young Chul Cho, Ji Hoon Shin, Jin Hyoung Kim
Acta Radiologica.2017; 58(8): 959. CrossRef

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Reviews

Evidence-Based Recommendations on Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Stenting: A Report from the Stent Study Group of the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Sam Ryong Jee, Joo Young Cho, Kyung Ho Kim, Sang Gyun Kim, Jun-Hyung Cho, The Stent Study Group of the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy; Clin Endosc 2013;46(4):342-354. Published online July 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2013.46.4.342

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Endoscopic stents have evolved dramatically over the past 20 years. With the introduction of uncovered self-expanding metal stents in the early 1990s, they are primarily used to palliate symptoms of malignant obstruction in patients with inoperable gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. At present, stents have emerged as an effective, safe, and less invasive alternative for the treatment of malignant GI obstruction. Clinical decisions about stent placement should be made based on the exact understanding of the patient's condition. These recommendations based on a critical review of the available data and expert consensus are made for the purpose of providing endoscopists with information about stent placement. These can be helpful for management of patients with inoperable cancer or various nonmalignant conditions in the upper GI tract.

Citations

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Endoscopic Procedures for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Lesions and a Brief Review of Literature
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Endoscopic Treatment of a Twisted Small Bowel Obstruction after Laparoscopic Proximal Gastrectomy with Double Tract Reconstruction
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The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2020; 75(5): 296. CrossRef
Temporary self-expandable metallic stent placement in post-gastrectomy complications
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Endoscopic management of complications of self-expandable metal stents for treatment of malignant esophageal stenosis and tracheoesophageal fistulas
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Gastroduodenal Outlet Obstruction and Palliative Self-Expandable Metal Stenting: A Dual-Centre Experience
Nik S. Ding, Sina Alexander, Michael P. Swan, Christopher Hair, Patrick Wilson, Emma Clarebrough, David Devonshire
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Upper Gastrointestinal Stent: Sang Gyun Kim, Chang-Hun Yang; Clin Endosc 2012;45(4):386-391. Published online November 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2012.45.4.386

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Gastrointestinal (GI) stent has been developed for palliation of obstructive symptoms in various diseases causing obstruction of GI tract. Self-expanding metal stent (SEMS) has replaced old type of plastic stent, and endoscopic insertion of stent has replaced fluoroscopy-guided insertion. Nowadays, newly-designed SEMSs have been developed for prevention of complications such as stent migration and re-obstruction, and indications of stent recently have been widened into benign conditions as well as malignant obstruction. In this review, the types, method of insertion, indications and clinical outcomes of stent in the upper GI tract would be discussed.

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Special Issue Articles of IDEN 2012

International Digestive Endoscopy Network to Strengthen Network for Lower Gastrointestinal Diseases Including Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Kwang An Kwon; Clin Endosc 2012;45(3):251-253. Published online August 22, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2012.45.3.251

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: The International Digestive Endoscopy Network 2012 organized by Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy was held at Seoul, Korea on June 9 to 10, 2012, during which invited lectures of world renowned experts on the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract were given with a wide range of the latest knowledge and novel imaging of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). There were very informative five sessions in the lower GI part consisting of: Colonoscopy in IBD; what can we do in 2012?; A look into the bowel beyond colon in IBD; How to estimate the invasion depth of early GI cancer?; No more no man's land: small bowel exploration; and colorectal ESD: can it be a popular procedure?

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Review

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Induced Enteropathy: Yun Jeong Lim, Chang-Hun Yang; Clin Endosc 2012;45(2):138-144. Published online June 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2012.45.2.138

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most commonly prescribed drugs in the world. NSAID-induced lower gastrointestinal (GI) complications are increasing while upper GI complications are decreasing. Lower GI events accounted for 40% of all serious GI events in patients on NSAIDs. Capsule endoscopy and device assisted enteroscopy are available for detection of small intestinal lesions. Capsule endoscopy studies have demonstrated that NSAIDs use in healthy volunteers raised the incidence (55% to 75%) of intestinal damage. It appears that selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors (coxibs) improved upper and lower GI safety based on results of clinical trials. Selective coxibs are still capable of triggering GI adverse events and cardiovascular toxicity issues were the main focus of concerns. Unfortunately, definite strategies are not available to prevent or heal NSAID-induced intestinal injuries. Thus, there is still a strong clinical need for effective drugs with improved safety profiles than the existing NSAIDs.

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Quality Control for Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Jae Myung Park, M.D.; Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;40(6):343-346. Published online June 30, 2010

Abstract PDF: Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is the most common procedure in the field of gastroenterology. Controlling the quality of endoscopy is quite important because gastric cancer is the most prevalent cancer in Korea. For each endoscopic procedure, the indicators of quality control can be considered for 3 time periods: the preprocedure, intraprocedure and postprocedure periods. The common issues during preprocedure include the proper indications, the patient's consent for the procedure, the patient's clinical status and the risk assessment, and the steps to reduce the risk. The common issues during intraprocedure include all the technical aspects of the procedure, including completion of the examination and any of the therapeutic maneuvers. The postprocedure activities include providing instructions to the patient, documentation of the procedure, recognition and documentation of complications, follow-up of the pathologic conditions and assessing the patient's satisfaction. Regular monitoring the quality of endoscopy can raise the level of performing endoscopic procedures.(Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;40:343-346)

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A Case of Esophageal and Gastric Foreign Bodies Induced by Cyanoacrylate Ingestion: Kil Sang Wang, M.D., Myoung Hwan Kim, M.D., Myoung Lyeol Woo, M.D., Ja Sung Choi, M.D., Hyeon Geun Cho, M.D. and Young Myoung Moon, M.D.; Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;36(4):224-227. Published online April 30, 2008

Abstract PDF: Foreign bodies of the upper gastrointestinal tract are found in all age groups, and the foreign bodies can be ingested incidentally or intentionally. They are usually common in children, but they have also been discovered in adults with esophageal disease, artificial teeth, mental retardation, in patients seeking secondary gains and in alcoholics. The types of foreign bodies vary for different social and cultural conditions, and can include coins, corks, toys, fish bones, toothbrushes, needles, nails and pens. Foreign bodies of the upper gastrointestinal tract are usually passed into the intestinal tract spontaneously, but sometimes intervention is required. We report a case of an 80-year-old man with a past medical history of depressive disorder that had ingested adhesives. The adhesives present in the esophagus were removed by the use of therapeutic endoscopy. However, the adhesives in the stomach were too large to remove by the use of an endoscopic procedure, and gastrotomy was performed. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;36:224-227)

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A Case of Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding from Appendiceal Ulcer: Dae Seung Lim, M.D., Sun Moon Kim, M.D., Mi Il Kang, M.D., Young Suk Kim, M.D., Seung Hyun Jung, M.D., Yong Moon Kim, M.D., Tae Hee Lee, M.D., Euyi Hyeog Im, M.D., Kyu Chan Huh, M.D., Young Woo Choi, M.D., Young Woo Kang, M.D. and Dae Kyung Ko, M.D.*; Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2007;35(1):42-45. Published online July 30, 2007

Abstract PDF: The common causes of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding include diverticulosis, colonic vascular ectasia, neoplasm and colitis. Acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding from the appendix is a very rare malady and the causes are reported as angiodysplasia, diverticulum, appendicitis and endometriosis. We report here on the case of a 47-year-old man, who was taking enteric coated aspirin, with severe lower gastrointestinal bleeding that was due to appendiceal ulcer. An active bleeding was identified as coming from the appendiceal orifice during colonoscopy. He was treated by simple appendectomy. Histologic evaluation showed ulceration with both acute and chronic inflammation, along with thickened vessel walls in the submucosa of the appendix.

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Endoscopic Removal of Foreign Bodies in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract: Tae Hee Lee, M.D., Gi Se Lee, M.D., Eui Hyeog Im, M.D., Kyu Chan Huh, M.D.,Chang; Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2004;28(2):61-66. Published online March 1, 2004

Abstract PDF: Background
/Aims: Foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract are produced chiefly by accidental swallowing, but rarely produce symptoms. Although most foreign bodies pass spontaneously, 10∼20% of those need treatment. We evaluated the role of endoscopy for removal of foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 80 cases of foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract who had been treated using endoscopy at Konyang University Hospital from February 2000 to July 2003. Results: The age ranged from 14 months to 75 years (mean 36.8 years-old). Patients over 60 years, under 10 years were 20 cases and 28 cases, respectively and male to female ratio was 1.1：1. Common foreign bodies are coin (20 cases), fishbone (12 cases), animal bone (11 cases) and meat stuff (9 cases). The most common location was the esophagus (68.8%). In most cases (88.8%), foreign bodies were removed using alligator tooth forceps. Fourteen patients had co-morbidities such as esophageal diseases, psychiatric disorders, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, stomach cancer, and subtotal gastrectomy
Conclusions
Endoscopy is a useful tool for removal of foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2004;28:61⁣66)

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A Case of Abdominal Actinomycosis Developed in Upper Gastrointestinal Tract: Jong Tae Baek, M.D., Dong Su Lee, M.D., Byoung Min Ahn, M.D., Kang Mun Lee, M.D.,Seong Hee Jang, M.D., Jin A Park, M.D., Yung Yi Chang, M.D., Sun Jong Jeong, M.D.,Jun Seok Kim, M.D., In Sik Chung, M.D., Doo Ho Park, M.D. and Hye Kyoung Lee, M.D.*; Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2002;25(6):453-456. Published online December 30, 2002

Abstract PDF: Actinomycosis is a rare chronic suppurative disease caused by actinomyces species, which are normal flora in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract, and characterized by formation of sulfur granule. Actinomyces can affect cervicofacial, pulmonary, abdominal and pelvic area. However, abdominal and pelvic inflammations are less frequently observed. Most of abdominal actinomycosis develop after abdominal operation, trauma, inflammatory bowel disease or use of intrauterine devices. The definitive diagnosis was made after histopathological study of the tissues. Treatment is long-term antibiotic therapy. Herein, we report a case of a 69-year-old woman with an unusual form of abdominal actinomycosis after total gastrectomy. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2002;25:453⁣456)

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소아 상부 위장관 이물의 내시경적 적출술 - 대구, 경북지역 소아 78예에 대한 고찰 - ( Endoscopic Removal of Foreign Bodies from the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract in Children: Management of 78 Cases in Taegu, Korea ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2000;20(1):6-13. Published online November 30, 1999

Abstract PDF: Background
/Aims: Foreign body (FB) removal is a common indication of therapeutic endoscopy in children. The trend is becoming wider and more rational in application. The spectrum of upper gastrointestinal FB's in children during a recent 2 year period was reviewed in Taegu, Kyungbook Province in order to obtain a the consensus of recent trend of indications and techniques of endoscopic FB removal in children. Methods: Esophagogastroscopy was performed on 78 children who had been referred to 3 University Hospitals in Taegu for FB ingestion from Oct. 1996 to Sep. 1998. Results: Age between 1∼2 year was the peak age group; 22 cases (28%). Male to female ratio was 1.9：1. Thirty four cases (44%) were in the esophagus, 44 cases (56%) in the stomach. The majority (49%) of the FB's were coins, 26 of 34 esophageal FB's and 12 of 44 gastric FB's. Others were 14 sharp/pointed objects, 12 big/long objects, 7 toxic objects, etc. In 67 children (86%) the FB was successfully removed and spontaneous passage through the pylorus was observed in 9 children. Conclusions: Endoscopic FB removal can be performed safely and effectively in children with minimal or no complications by an experienced endoscopist. Proper arrangement should be conducted with consideration to the property of FB's, expected complication, and the possibility of an emergency situation. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2000;20:6~13)

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위 , 소장 , 대장을 침범한 Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma 1예 ( A Case Report of Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1991;11(2):311-316. Published online November 30, 1990

Abstract PDF: This article is the case report of the peripheral T-cell lymphoma which involove the stomach, small bowel, and colon. A 40-year-old male was admitted to Inha University hospital because of epigastric pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. He was taken by gastrofiberscopy with biopsy, upper G-I series, colonscopy with biopsy, lower G-I series, ultrasonogram, and abdominal computerized tomogram. Endoscopic picture demonstrated the malignant ulcer in the posterior wall of angle. Sigmoidoscopic picture demonstrated the polipoid hyperemic mucosal edema. In the X-ray & endoscopic findings, the lesion was suspected as lymphoma. Histologically, the lesion was diagnosed as peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Immunohistochemical staining using UCHL-1(pan-T-cell maker) demonstrated the lymphoma as T-cell origin. The patient was treated with the multiagent chemotherapy(Bleomycin + Vincristin + Cyclophosphamide + PDS).

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