Clinical Endoscopy

Endoscopic stenting for malignant gastric outlet obstruction: focusing on comparison of endoscopic stenting and surgical gastrojejunostomy: Sun Gyo Lim, Chan Gyoo Kim; Clin Endosc 2024;57(5):571-580. Published online February 23, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.160

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) is a condition characterized by blockage or narrowing where the stomach empties its contents into the small intestine due to primary malignant tumors or metastatic diseases. This condition leads to various symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and weight loss. To manage malignant GOO, different treatment options have been employed, including surgical gastrojejunostomy (SGJ), gastroduodenal stenting (GDS) using self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS), and endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastrojejunostomy (EUS-GJ). This review focuses on comparing the clinical outcomes of endoscopic stenting (GDS and EUS-GJ) with SGJ for malignant GOO. Studies have shown that GDS with SEMS provides comparable clinical outcomes and safety for the palliation of obstructive symptoms. The choice between covered and uncovered SEMS remains controversial, as different studies have reported varying results. EUS-GJ, performed via endoscopic ultrasound guidance, has shown promising efficacy and safety in managing malignant GOO, but further studies are needed to establish it as the primary treatment option. Comparative analyses suggest that GDS has higher recurrence and reintervention rates compared to EUS-GJ and SGJ, with similar overall procedural complications. However, bleeding rates were lower with GDS than with SGJ. Randomized controlled trials are required to determine the optimal treatment approach for malignant GOO.

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Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastrojejunostomy with a direct technique without previous intestinal filling using a tubular fully covered self-expandable metallic stent: Hakan Şentürk, İbrahim Hakkı Köker, Koray Koçhan, Sercan Kiremitçi, Gülseren Seven, Ali Tüzün İnce; Clin Endosc 2024;57(2):209-216. Published online July 3, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.022

Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background
/Aims: Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided gastrojejunostomy is a minimally invasive method for the management of gastric outlet obstruction. Conventionally, a lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) is used to create an anastomosis. However, LAMS is expensive and not widely available. In this report, we described a tubular fully covered self-expandable metallic stent (T-FCSEMS) for this purpose.
Methods
Twenty-one patients (15 men [71.4%]; median age, 66 years; range, 40–87 years) were included in this study. A total of 19 malignant (12 pancreatic, 6 gastric, and 1 metastatic rectal cancer) and 2 benign cases were observed. The proximal jejunum was punctured with a 19 G needle. The stomach and jejunum walls were dilated with a 6 F cystotome, and a 20×80 mm polytetrafluoroethylene T-FCSEMS (Hilzo) was deployed. Oral feeding was initiated after 12 to 18 hours and solid foods after 48 hours.
Results
The median procedure time was 33 minutes (range, 23–55 minutes). After two weeks, 19 patients tolerated oral feeding. In patients with malignancy, the median survival time was 118 days (range, 41–194 days). No serious complications or deaths occurred. All patients with malignancy tolerated oral food intake until they expired.
Conclusions
T-FCSEMS is safe and effective. This stent should be considered as an alternative to LAMS for gastric outlet obstruction.

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Tubular fully covered self-expandable metallic stents for endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastrojejunostomy: moving forward or taking a step back?
Rami G. El Abiad, Mouen A. Khashab
Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(2): 193. CrossRef
Advances in self-expandable metal stents for endoscopic ultrasound-guided interventions
Dong Kee Jang, Dong Wook Lee, Seong-Hun Kim, Kwang Bum Cho, Sundeep Lakhtakia
Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(5): 588. CrossRef
Endoscopic stenting for malignant gastric outlet obstruction: focusing on comparison of endoscopic stenting and surgical gastrojejunostomy
Sun Gyo Lim, Chan Gyoo Kim
Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(5): 571. CrossRef

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No difference in outcomes with 15 mm vs. 20 mm lumen-apposing metal stents for endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy for gastric outlet obstruction: a meta-analysis: Shyam Vedantam, Rahil Shah, Sean Bhalla, Shria Kumar, Sunil Amin; Clin Endosc 2023;56(3):298-307. Published online May 22, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2022.299

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background
/Aims: We compared outcomes between use of 15 vs. 20 mm lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMSs) in endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) for gastric outlet obstruction.
Methods
Databases were queried for studies that used LAMS for EUS-GE to relieve gastric outlet obstruction, and a proportional meta-analysis was performed.
Results
Thirteen studies were included. The 15 mm and 20 mm LAMS had pooled technical success rates of 93.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 90.5%–95.2%) and 92.1% (95% CI, 68.4%–98.4%), clinical success rates of 88.6% (95% CI, 85.4%–91.1%) and 89.6% (95% CI, 79.0%–95.1%), adverse event rates of 11.4% (95% CI, 8.1%–15.9%) and 14.7% (95% CI, 4.4%–39.1%), and reintervention rates of 10.3% (95% CI, 6.7%–15.4%) and 3.5% (95% CI, 1.6%–7.6%), respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed no significant differences in technical success, clinical success, or adverse event rates. An increased need for reintervention was noted in the 15 mm stent group (pooled odds ratio, 3.59; 95% CI, 1.40–9.18; p=0.008).
Conclusions
No differences were observed in the technical, clinical, or adverse event rates between 15 and 20 mm LAMS use in EUS-GE. An increased need for reintervention is possible when using a 15 mm stent compared to when using a 20 mm stent.

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Endoscopic gastrointestinal bypass anastomosis using deformable self-assembled magnetic anastomosis rings (DSAMARs) in a pig model
Miaomiao Zhang, Jianqi Mao, Jia Ma, Shuqin Xu, Yi Lyu, Xiaopeng Yan
BMC Gastroenterology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Revealing Insights: A Comprehensive Overview of Gastric Outlet Obstruction Management, with Special Emphasis on EUS-Guided Gastroenterostomy
Dimitrios Ziogas, Thomas Vasilakis, Christina Kapizioni, Eleni Koukoulioti, Georgios Tziatzios, Paraskevas Gkolfakis, Antonio Facciorusso, Ioannis S. Papanikolaou
Medical Sciences.2024; 12(1): 9. CrossRef
Lumen-apposing metal stents: A primer on indications and technical tips
Sridhar Sundaram, Suprabhat Giri, Kenneth Binmoeller
Indian Journal of Gastroenterology.2024; 43(5): 886. CrossRef
Advances in self-expandable metal stents for endoscopic ultrasound-guided interventions
Dong Kee Jang, Dong Wook Lee, Seong-Hun Kim, Kwang Bum Cho, Sundeep Lakhtakia
Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(5): 588. CrossRef
Endoscopic stenting for malignant gastric outlet obstruction: focusing on comparison of endoscopic stenting and surgical gastrojejunostomy
Sun Gyo Lim, Chan Gyoo Kim
Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(5): 571. CrossRef
The Role of Luminal Apposing Metal Stents on the Treatment of Malignant and Benign Gastric Outlet Obstruction
Mihai Rimbaș, Kar Wai Lau, Giulia Tripodi, Gianenrico Rizzatti, Alberto Larghi
Diagnostics.2023; 13(21): 3308. CrossRef

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Reverse Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Gastrojejunostomy for the Treatment of Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome: A New Concept: Ming-ming Xu, Enad Dawod, Monica Gaidhane, Amy Tyberg, Michel Kahaleh; Clin Endosc 2020;53(1):94-96. Published online December 3, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2018.196

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) causes compression and partial or complete obstruction of the duodenum, resulting in abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. If conservative therapy fails, the patient is typically referred for enteral feeding or laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy.
The last few years have seen increasing use of endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastrojejunostomy (EUS-GJ) for gastric obstruction indications. EUS-GJ involves the creation of a gastric bypass via an echoendoscope in cases in which the small intestine can be punctured under ultrasonographic visualization, resulting in an incision-free, efficient, and safe procedure.
In this case report, we present the first case of SMAS treated using a reverse EUS-GJ, and describe the steps and advantages of the procedure in this particular case.

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Endoscopic Treatment of Gastric Outlet Obstruction
Andrew Canakis, Shayan S. Irani
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America.2024; 34(1): 111. CrossRef
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Valerio Balassone, Simona Faraci, Chiara Imondi, Paola De Angelis, Tamara Caldaro, Luigi Dall'Oglio
International Journal of Gastrointestinal Intervention.2023; 12(1): 1. CrossRef
Therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline
Schalk W. van der Merwe, Roy L. J. van Wanrooij, Michiel Bronswijk, Simon Everett, Sundeep Lakhtakia, Mihai Rimbas, Tomas Hucl, Rastislav Kunda, Abdenor Badaoui, Ryan Law, Paolo G. Arcidiacono, Alberto Larghi, Marc Giovannini, Mouen A. Khashab, Kenneth F.
Endoscopy.2022; 54(02): 185. CrossRef
Wilkie’s syndrome as a cause of anxiety-depressive disorder: A case report and review of literature
Raluca Cristina Apostu, Lucian Chira, Doina Colcear, Andrei Lebovici, Georgiana Nagy, Radu Razvan Scurtu, Radu Drasovean
World Journal of Clinical Cases.2022; 10(5): 1654. CrossRef
The Complication Of Decrease In Aorto-Mesenteric Angle And Distance Its Diagnosis And Treatment: Case Report
O. V. Galimov, V. O. Khanov, H.M. H. Karkhani, Sh. Bhawna, T. R. Ibragimov
Creative surgery and oncology.2022; 12(2): 123. CrossRef
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Gastrojejunostomy for Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome Secondary to Rapid Weight Loss
Andrew C. Storm, Tala Mahmoud, Karl Akiki, Ryan J. Law
ACG Case Reports Journal.2022; 9(10): e00868. CrossRef
Futures perspectives and therapeutic applications
Laurent Monino, Marc Barthet
Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology.2022; 60-61: 101816. CrossRef
EUS-guided gastroenterostomy for duodenal obstruction secondary to superior mesenteric artery syndrome
Abdul Kouanda, Rabindra Watson, Kenneth F. Binmoeller, Andrew Nett, Christopher Hamerski
VideoGIE.2021; 6(1): 14. CrossRef
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Prashant Bhenswala, Muhddesa Lakhana, Frank G. Gress, Iman Andalib
Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology.2021; 55(8): 641. CrossRef

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A Case of Gastritis Cystica Polyposa Presenting as Multiple Polypoid Lesions: Hyun Hee Lee, M.D., Hwa Min Kim, M.D., Jae Gun Lee, M.D., Yoo Hyun Jang, M.D., Hae Jin Choi, M.D. and Kye Heui Lee, M.D.; Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2003;27(6):541-544. Published online December 30, 2003

Abstract PDF: Gastritis cystica polyposa (GCP) is a rare lesion characterized by hyperplastic and cystic dilatation of the gastric mucous glands infiltrating into the underlying submucosa. A cumulative experience suggests that GCP represents a manifestation of a spectrum of reactive inflammatory responses to mucosal injury. The case reported herein is a GCP developed as multiple polypoid lesions with a circular arrangement in the gastric mucosae along the gastrojejunostomy site. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2003;27:541⁣544)

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십이지장궤양으로 위공장물합술후 (胃空腸物合術) 발생한 조기위암 1예 ( Early Cancer of the Gastric Stump after Gastrojejunostomy for Duodenal Ulcer Obstruction ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1990;10(2):331-335. Published online November 30, 1989

Abstract PDF: Cancer of the gastric stump, first described by Balfour in 1922, is defined as the cancer detected more than 5 years after surgery for a benign disease. We experienced a case of cancer found at the gastric stump after gastrojejunostomy in a 53 years old male patients, proven pathologically as a early cancer. He visited to our hospital with the chief complaint of epigastric pain and indigestion for 1 Months. On past history, he has been received gastrojejunostomy due to duodenal ulcer obstruction, 23 years ago, Gastrofiberscopy was done, and we could find the early gastric cancer lesions at the anterior wall of gastric angle as type Ilc+III and antrum as type IIa. The microscopic finding of the multiple endoscopic biopsies at the gastic angle and antrum revealed the adenocarcinoma of signet ring cell type infiltrated to the level of submucosa. And so, we could diagnose these lesions as a early gastric cancer in the gastric stump after gastrojejunostomy. He was treated with subtotal gastrectomy and discharged with cured condition. Therefore, we report this case with a literature review.

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