Clinical Endoscopy

Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Cold snare polypectomy versus cold endoscopic mucosal resection for small colorectal polyps: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials: Vishali Moond, Priyadarshini Loganathan, Sheza Malik, Dushyant Singh Dahiya, Babu P. Mohan, Daryl Ramai, Michele McGinnis, Deepak Madhu, Mohammad Bilal, Aasma Shaukat, Saurabh Chandan; Clin Endosc 2024;57(6):747-758. Published online August 23, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.081

Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Background
/Aims: Cold snare polypectomy (CSP) is routinely performed for small colorectal polyps (≤10 mm). However, challenges include insufficient resection depth and immediate bleeding, hindering precise pathological evaluation. We aimed to compare the outcomes of cold endoscopic mucosal resection (CEMR) with that of CSP for colorectal polyps ≤10 mm, using data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
Methods
Multiple databases were searched in December 2023 for RCTs reporting outcomes of CSP versus CEMR for colorectal polyps ≤10 mm in size. Our primary outcomes were rates of complete and en-bloc resections, while our secondary outcomes were total resection time (seconds) and adverse events, including immediate bleeding, delayed bleeding, and perforation.
Results
The complete resection rates did not significantly differ (CSP, 91.8% vs. CEMR 94.6%), nor did the rates of en-bloc resection (CSP, 98.9% vs. CEMR, 98.3%) or incomplete resection (CSP, 6.7% vs. CEMR, 4.8%). Adverse event rates were similarly insignificant in variance. However, CEMR had a notably longer mean resection time (133.51 vs. 91.30 seconds).
Conclusions
Our meta-analysis of seven RCTs showed that while both CSP and CEMR are equally safe and effective for resecting small (≤10 mm) colorectal polyps, the latter is associated with a longer resection time.

Citations

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Seongwoo Choi, Jaeyoung Chun, Geunhyuk Choi, Yoojin Lee, Taegeun Gweon, Yunho Jung
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Histopathologic outcomes comparison between cold snare polypectomy and cold snare EMR for colorectal polyps: a full-thickness serial sectioning analysis
Ran Chen, Shiya Hong, Jie Gao, Zhi Ni, Peichun Peng, Shuling Lai, Xiaoqing Huang, Yueping Zheng, Qingyong Zhang, Tingting Lin, Bo Hu, Rongchun Zhang
Gastroenterology Report.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Effective Polypectomy Practice
Malique Delbrune, Thomas Enke, Mohammad Bilal
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Cost-Minimization and Procedural Outcomes of Cold Snare Versus Cold Forceps Polypectomy for Small Colorectal Polyps: A Prospective Cohort Study Using Real Institutional Pricing
Güney Özkaya, İsmail Ege Subaşı, Sangar Abdullah, Sertaç Doğan, Şiva Nafez
Healthcare.2026; 14(16): 2656. CrossRef

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Original Article

Is Submucosal Injection Helpful in Cold Snare Polypectomy for Small Colorectal Polyps?: Ji Hyun Song, Shai Friedland; Clin Endosc 2021;54(3):397-403. Published online February 9, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2020.226

Abstract PDF

Background
/Aims: Cold snare polypectomy (CSP) is an effective method of polyp removal for small colorectal polyps. However, the effect of submucosal injection in cold snare endoscopic mucosal resection (CS-EMR) for small polyps is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of submucosal injection in CS-EMR for small polyps.
Methods
Between 2018 and 2019, 100 consecutive small colorectal polyps (5–10 mm) were identified in 58 patients. The first 50 consecutive polyps were removed by CS-EMR, and the remaining 50 were removed by CSP. Demographic data, clinical data, endoscopic findings, procedure times, complication rates, and pathology data were collected.
Results
No difference in the complete resection rate was observed between the CS-EMR and CSP groups. A total of 9 polyps showed post-polypectomy bleeding (7 had immediate bleeding, 1 had delayed bleeding, and 1 had both immediate and delayed bleeding). No difference in the bleeding rate was observed between the two groups. In multivariate analysis, warfarin (odds ratio [OR], 42.334; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.006–1,781.758) and direct-acting oral anticoagulants (OR, 35.244; 95% CI, 3.853–322.397) showed a significantly increased risk of bleeding.
Conclusions
The effect of submucosal injection in CSP was not significant for small colorectal polyps.

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Case Report

Papillary Cannulation Facilitated by Submucosal Saline Injection into an Intradiverticular Papilla: Kanglock Lee, Ji Wook Choi, Yunhyeong Lee, Joung-Ho Han, Seon Mee Park; Clin Endosc 2019;52(1):83-86. Published online June 12, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2018.060

Abstract PDF

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) of the intradiverticular papilla with its invisible orifice remains challenging. Several techniques have been introduced to evert the papillary opening to facilitate cannulation. A 79-year-old woman with bile duct stones underwent ERCP, which revealed that the papilla was located inside a large diverticulum and tended to rotate inward with a trial of papillary cannulation. Submucosal papillary injection of 3 cc of normal saline was performed at 3 and 9 o’clock. Eversion and fixation of a papilla in the diverticulum with this technique allowed selective cannulation of the biliary tree. Stones were retrieved after endoscopic papillary balloon dilation without complications. She had an uneventful post-procedural course. Our findings suggest that submucosal saline injection technique is safe and effective for selective cannulation and can be recommended when cannulation is very difficult because of an intradiverticular papilla.

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Original Article

Usefulness of Ready-to-Use 0.4% Sodium Hyaluronate (Endo-Ease) in the Endoscopic Resection of Gastrointestinal Neoplasms: Eun Ran Kim, Yun Gyoung Park, Byung-Hoon Min, Jun Haeng Lee, Poong-Lyul Rhee, Jae J. Kim, Jung Ho Park, Dong Il Park, Dong Kyung Chang; Clin Endosc 2015;48(5):392-398. Published online September 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2015.48.5.392

Abstract PDF

Background/Aims

Commercially available sodium hyaluronate solutions are usually too thick to inject through catheters and need dilution with normal saline (NS) before use, which increases the risk of contamination. We evaluated the usefulness of ready-to-use 0.4% sodium hyaluronate, Endo-Ease (EE; UNIMED Pharm. Inc., Seoul, Korea).

Methods

We performed a prospective multicenter randomized study from May 2011 to September 2012. Patients requiring endoscopic resection (ER) for gastric or colorectal neoplasm at two referral hospitals were enrolled.

Results

One hundred fifty-four patients (72 with a gastric neoplasm and 82 with a colorectal neoplasm) were included in intention-to-treat analysis. Thirty-seven gastric neoplasms and 43 colorectal neoplasms were enrolled in the EE group. The usefulness rate was significantly higher in the EE group than in the NS group (89.2% vs. 60.0% for gastric neoplasms and 95.3% vs. 67.7% for colorectal neoplasms, p<0.001). In the EE group, the ease of mucosal resection was significantly higher than in the NS group (p<0.001). The injected volume was smaller in the EE group than in the NS group (p<0.05).

Conclusions

The use of EE reduced the need for additional injections and improved the ease of ER. A submucosal injection of EE is useful for the ER of both gastric and colorectal neoplasms.

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Submucosal Saline-Epinephrine Injection in Colonoscopic Polypectomy: What is the Proper Application?: Sang Huyb Lee, M.D., Kyoung Soo Lee, M.D., Yeol Keun Woo, M.D., Byong Duk Ye, M.D., Jong Yeul Lee, M.D., Su Cheol Park, M.D., Kwang Hyuck Lee, M.D.*, Young Soo Park, M.D.*, Jin-Hyeok Hwang, M.D.*, Sook Hyang Jung, M.D.*, Nayoung Kim, M.D.*, Dong Ho Lee, M; Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2006;33(2):77-84. Published online August 30, 2006

Abstract PDF: Background
/Aims: Indications for submucosal saline- epinephrine injection (SSEI) for prevention of postpolypectomy bleeding, in the colon, is variable among endoscopists. The aim of this study was to determine the proper indication for SSEI. Methods: Clinical data of 1,745 polypectomies was evaluated. Postpolypectomy bleeding after snare polypectomy were evaluated in 1,039 polypectomies. Subgroup analysis was performed in 4 subgroups by size (≤8 mm or ＞8 mm) and gross morphology (pedunculated or sessile), also. Results: Submucosal saline-epinephrine injection was used in 679 snare polypectomies. The size of polyps was 9.5⁑4.3 mm. Distribution of polyps showed left side shift in the colon. Sessile polyps (79.4%) and benign adenoma (75.3%) were predominant. Twenty seven episodes (2.6%) of bleeding occurred after snare polypectomy. Rectal polyp, malignant polyp and procedure without SSEI increased bleeding after snare polypectomy with odds ratio 4.71, 10.48 and 3.44, respectively. However, SSEI significantly reduced the bleeding only in patients who had ＞8 mm sized sessile polyps with odds ratio 16.41 regardless of location and histopathology. Conclusions: SSEI should be performed in colonoscopic snare polypectomy for ＞8 mm sized sessile polyps, and might be performed in others for prevention of bleeding at the discretion of the clinician. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2006;33:77⁣84)

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