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Original Article
Development and preliminary evaluation of a novel low-cost endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography simulator with electrocautery training capability: a proof-of-concept study from India
Avinash Tiwari, Duncan Khanikar
Received November 22, 2025  Accepted January 17, 2026  Published online August 13, 2026  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2025.438    [Epub ahead of print]
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
/Aims: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) requires extensive training, with around 350–400 supervised cases being required for proficiency. Existing simulators face costs, limited availability, and limited realism. Therefore, we developed and preliminarily evaluated a minimal ERCP training model that incorporated electrocautery capabilities.
Methods
A five-phase development process was employed, including needs assessment, iterative prototyping with material optimization, technical performance testing across 50 training sessions, comparative analysis against existing simulators, and preliminary expert evaluation by eight experienced endoscopists (mean ERCP experience: 12.3±4.2 years). The primary outcomes included verification of functional capability, cost analysis, durability assessment, and expert ratings on 5-point Likert scales for realism and educational value.
Results
The simulator successfully achieved biliary cannulation in 48/50 sessions (96.0%), supported needle knife precut training with functional electrocautery, and demonstrated compatibility with C-arm fluoroscopy, providing adequate contrast visualization. The total material cost per unit was 47.32 United States dollars (USD), compared to 180,000–250,000 USD for commercial virtual reality simulators. The model withstood 50 sessions without structural failure (onion bulb replacement was required every 8.2±1.4 precut attempts). Expert ratings indicated high scores for anatomical realism (4.1±0.6), tactile feedback (3.9±0.7), and educational value (4.4±0.5).
Conclusion
This novel, low-cost ERCP simulator demonstrated technical feasibility and face validity. This proof-of-concept requires formal prospective validation studies to establish construct validity, concurrent validity, and educational effectiveness through trainee learning outcomes before conclusions regarding the impact on clinical training can be drawn. The innovation addresses significant accessibility barriers but represents preliminary evidence that requires formal educational validation.
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  • 12 Download
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Reviews
Current status of gastrointestinal endoscopy in Thailand
Tanyaporn Chantarojanasiri, Wiriyaporn Ridtitid, Nonthalee Pausawasdi
Received July 13, 2025  Accepted October 26, 2025  Published online December 19, 2025  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2025.230    [Epub ahead of print]
AbstractAbstract PDF
The Thai Association for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (TAGE) has played a pivotal role in advancing gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy in Thailand through its strategic focus on clinical services, education, and research. Since its establishment in 2005, TAGE has united gastroenterologists and surgeons, helping standardize endoscopic practices across the country. Through national training programs, clinical guideline development, hands-on workshops, and international collaborations, TAGE has elevated the quality and accessibility of endoscopic care. Despite challenges such as workforce shortages and the uneven distribution of services, particularly in rural areas, TAGE continues to address these gaps through outreach training, model development, and regional research initiatives. Society leadership in cholangiocarcinoma management, advanced endoscopy, and educational model innovation reflects its commitment to improving outcomes and establishing Thailand as a regional hub for GI endoscopy.
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  • 273 Download
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Advancing colonoscopy training: tailored strategies and simulation-based models for skill mastery
Nilanga Nishad, Malith Nandasena, Andreas Hadjinicolaou, Mo Hameed Thoufeeq
Clin Endosc 2025;58(6):808-816.   Published online June 9, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2025.019
AbstractAbstract PDF
Effective endoscopy training begins by assessing the trainee’s experience and identifying their skill level: beginners, learners, independent practitioners, or experts. Beginners focus on basic tasks, such as cecal intubation, while advanced trainees refine efficiency and complex techniques. Training prioritizes conscious competence through deliberate practice, reflection, and verbalizing actions; this enhances mindfulness and procedural expertise. Clear communication, standardized terminology, and constructive feedback ensure safety, confidence, and skill retention. SMART objectives—specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and timely—help structure sessions for skill development and mastery. Simulation-based models support training at all the levels. Beginners benefit from cost-effective low-fidelity bench models and virtual reality (VR) simulators, which offer realistic tactile feedback and customizable scenarios. Studies have shown that both low- and high-fidelity models can effectively teach basic skills, although VR is preferred for foundational training. Advanced trainees utilize animal-based models for therapeutic interventions, three-dimensional printed models for pathology-specific practice, and hybrid models that combine VR and physical elements for enhanced realism. Augmented reality and haptic feedback systems refine advanced skills, but face developmental and cost challenges. Mentored live patient models excel in real-world decision-making, but raise ethical concerns. Training is tailored to individual needs, and competency-based training ensures mastery at each stage, from beginners to advanced practitioners.
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Core curriculum for sedation in gastrointestinal endoscopy with a focus on practice: a proposal from the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Hong Sub Lee, Yun Jeong Lim, Jong-Jae Park, Endoscopic Sedation Committee of Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Clin Endosc 2025;58(2):218-224.   Published online March 10, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.215
AbstractAbstract PDF
Ideal sedation education for gastrointestinal endoscopy should encompass all medications used in sedation therapy, and facilitate appropriate application in clinical practice by combining theoretical and practical education according to each country’s situation. The educational goals for endoscopic sedation in Korea have already been announced, and theoretical training is regularly conducted by the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (KSGE). However, no official core curriculum for sedation during gastrointestinal endoscopy exists in Korea. Therefore, a practical curriculum aligned with Korea’s clinical context should be developed. The Endoscopic Sedation Committee of KSGE has identified these challenges and proposed a core curriculum for sedation during endoscopy. Firstly, in terms of theory, it would be beneficial to maintain current education. Secondly, since practical training is still lacking, it would be beneficial to have practical hands-on training. To accomplish this, each simulation center should provide basic practical training such as airway maintenance and advanced teamwork skills. This review presents a detailed curriculum for safe sedation in gastrointestinal endoscopy, developed based on Korea’s specific needs and supported by current literature.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Risk factors for suspected infectious fever after diagnostic upper endoscopy: propofol overdose in a retrospective study from Korea
    Sunmin Lee, Jung-Hwan Lee, Jongbeom Shin, Boram Cha, Ji-Taek Hong, Kye Sook Kwon
    Clinical Endoscopy.2025; 58(5): 703.     CrossRef
  • 4,743 View
  • 191 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
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Original Articles
Effectiveness of a novel ex vivo training model for gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection training: a prospective observational study conducted at a single center in Japan
Takahito Toba, Tsuyoshi Ishii, Nobuyuki Sato, Akira Nogami, Aya Hojo, Ryo Shimizu, Ai Fujimoto, Takahisa Matsuda
Clin Endosc 2025;58(1):94-101.   Published online November 4, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.108
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
/Aims: The efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early-stage gastric cancer is well established. However, its acquisition is challenging owing to its complexity. In Japan, G-Master is a novel ex vivo gastric ESD training model. The effectiveness of training using G-Master is unknown. This study evaluated the efficacy of gastric ESD training using the G-Master to evaluate trainees’ learning curves and performance.
Methods
Four trainees completed 30 ESD training sessions using the G-Master, and procedure time, resection area, resection completion, en-bloc resection requirement, and perforation occurrence were measured. Resection speed was the primary endpoint, and learning curves were evaluated using the Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) method.
Results
All trainees completed the resection and en-bloc resection of the lesion without any intraoperative perforations. The learning curves covered three phases: initial growth, plateau, and late growth. The transition from phase 1 to phase 2 required a median of 10 sessions. Each trainee completed 30 training sessions in approximately 4 months.
Conclusions
Gastric ESD training using the G-Master is a simple, fast, and effective method for pre-ESD training in clinical practice. It is recommended that at least 10 training sessions be conducted.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Efficacy of next-generation endoscopy training simulator in improving international trainee endoscopic submucosal dissection skills
    Takeshi Uozumi, Seiichiro Abe, Reona Kawamura, Yasuhiko Mizuguchi, Ryoji Ichijima, Satoru Nonaka, Haruhisa Suzuki, Yutaka Saito
    Endoscopy International Open.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Feasibility of Duodenal Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Training Using Thiel-Embalmed Cadavers
    Keiichi Hashiguchi, Maiko Tabuchi, Yuko Akazawa, Hiroko Inomata-Kawasaki, Junya Shiota, Taro Akashi, Moto Kitayama, Kayoko Matsushima, Naoyuki Yamaguchi, Ken Ohnita, Kazunobu Saiki, Keiko Ogami-Takamura, Hisamitsu Miyaaki
    Endoscopy International Open.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Meaningful progress towards a high-fidelity endoscopic submucosal dissection training simulator model
    Gin Hyug Lee, So Young Byun
    Clinical Endoscopy.2025; 58(1): 77.     CrossRef
  • Beyond the scope: unveiling the future of digestive endoscopy through experimental models
    Federico Soria Gálvez
    Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 4,875 View
  • 178 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • 4 Crossref
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Development of colonic stent simulator using three-dimensional printing technique: a simulator development study in Korea
Hyundam Gu, Suyoung Lee, Sol Kim, Hye-Lim Jang, Da-Woon Choi, Kyu Seok Kim, Yu Ri Shin, Dae Young Cheung, Bo-In Lee, Jin Il Kim, Han Hee Lee
Clin Endosc 2024;57(6):790-797.   Published online September 23, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.110
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
/Aims: Colonic stenting plays a vital role in the management of acute malignant colonic obstruction. The increasing use of self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) and the diverse challenges posed by colonic obstruction at various locations underscore the importance of effective training for colonic stent placement.
Methods
All the components of the simulator were manufactured using silicone molding techniques in conjunction with three-dimensional (3D) printing. 3D images sourced from computed tomography scans and colonoscopy images were converted into a stereolithography format. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymers have been used in fused deposition modeling to produce moldings.
Results
The simulator replicated the large intestine from the rectum to the cecum, mimicking the texture and shape of the human colon. It enables training for colonoscopy insertion, cecum intubation, loop reduction, and stenting within stenotic areas. Interchangeable stenotic modules for four sites (rectum, sigmoid colon, descending colon, and ascending colon) were easily assembled for training. These modules integrate tumor contours and blood vessel structures with a translucent center, allowing real-time visualization during stenting. Successful and repeatable demonstrations of stent insertion and expansion using the reusable SEMS were consistently achieved.
Conclusions
This innovative simulator offers a secure colonic stenting practice across various locations, potentially enhancing clinical outcomes by improving operator proficiency during actual procedures.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • 3D Printing in Gastroenterology
    Jack T. Gardner, Steve P. Bensen
    Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology.2026; 60(1): 28.     CrossRef
  • Novel minimally invasive strategies for achieving source control in intra-abdominal infections
    Clayton Wyland, Desmond Zeng, Robert G. Sawyer
    Current Opinion in Critical Care.2025; 31(2): 228.     CrossRef
  • Comments on ‘Development of colonic stent simulator using three-dimensional printing technique: a simulator development study in Korea’
    Dae Jin Jung, Gwang Ha Kim
    Clinical Endoscopy.2025; 58(2): 334.     CrossRef
  • Three-Dimensional-Printed Gastrointestinal Tract Models for Surgical Planning and Medical Education: A Systematic Review
    Jing Lei, Lisa B. G. Tee, Krish Ragunath, Zhonghua Sun
    Applied Sciences.2025; 15(13): 7384.     CrossRef
  • 8,388 View
  • 223 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • 4 Crossref
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Usefulness of a new polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel (PVA-H)-based simulator for endoscopic submucosal dissection training: a pilot study
Dong Seok Lee, Gin Hyug Lee, Sang Gyun Kim, Kook Lae Lee, Ji Won Kim, Ji Bong Jeong, Yong Jin Jung, Hyoun Woo Kang
Clin Endosc 2023;56(5):604-612.   Published online May 18, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2022.163
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
/Aims: We developed a new endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) simulator and evaluated its efficacy and realism for use training endoscopists.
Methods
An ESD simulator was constructed using polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel sheets and compared to a previous ESD simulator. Between March 1, 2020, and December 30, 2021, eight expert endoscopists from three different centers analyzed the procedure-related factors of the simulator. Five trainees performed gastric ESD exercises under the guidance of these experts.
Results
Although the two ESD simulators provided overall favorable outcomes in terms of ESD-related factors, the new simulator had several benefits, including better marking of the target lesion’s limits (p<0.001) and overall handling (p<0.001). Trainees tested the usefulness of the new ESD simulator. The complete resection rate improved after 3 ESD training sessions (9 procedures), and the perforation rate decreased after 4 sessions (12 procedures).
Conclusions
We have developed a new ESD simulator that can help beginners achieve a high level of technical experience before performing real-time ESD procedures in patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The Current Landscape of Endoscopic Submucosal Training in the United States
    Mike T. Wei, Shai Friedland, Joo Ha Hwang
    Current Gastroenterology Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Meaningful progress towards a high-fidelity endoscopic submucosal dissection training simulator model
    Gin Hyug Lee, So Young Byun
    Clinical Endoscopy.2025; 58(1): 77.     CrossRef
  • Simulators and training models for diagnostic and therapeutic gastrointestinal endoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Technical and Technology Review
    Chiara Coluccio, Jérémie Jacques, Istvan Hritz, Ivo Boskoski, Mohamed Abdelrahim, Vincenzo Bove, João A. Cunha Neves, Pieter J. F. de Jonge, Giuseppe Dell’Anna, Gianluca Esposito, Antonio Facciorusso, Rodica Gincul, Paolo Giuffrida, Rakesh Kalapala, Chris
    Endoscopy.2025; 57(07): 796.     CrossRef
  • Does development of submucosal dissection models influence quality of training? Comparison of existing models
    Clara Yzet, Jérémie Jacques, Pierre Lafeuille, Jérémie Albouys, Jean-Baptiste Chevaux, Emmanuel Coron, Stanislas Chaussade, Sarah Leblanc, Vincent Lepilliez, Thimothee Wallenhorst, Thierry Ponchon, Jérôme Rivory, Romain Legros, Michel Lefranc, Marion Scha
    Endoscopy International Open.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A novel model of dual-network composite hydrogels for application in endoscopic submucosal dissection
    Fei Zhao, YunFang Bai, JunJie Wu, ZhiHao Zhu, JinLei Mao, Aikebaier Aili, HongRun Gu, ShiJie Yu, ZhiFei Wang
    BMC Gastroenterology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • There is no royal road: a shortcut for endoscopic submucosal dissection training
    Seong Woo Jeon
    Clinical Endoscopy.2023; 56(5): 590.     CrossRef
  • 6,341 View
  • 149 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • 6 Crossref
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Reviews
Quality indicators in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a brief review of established guidelines
Zubin Dev Sharma, Rajesh Puri
Clin Endosc 2023;56(3):290-297.   Published online April 11, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2022.210
AbstractAbstract PDF
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an invasive endoscopic technique that has many diagnostic and therapeutic implications. It is a procedure with small but significant life-threatening complications. To ensure the best possible care, minimize complications, and improve the quality of health care, a constant review of the performance of the operator using ideal benchmark standards is needed. Hence, quality indicators are necessary. The American and European Societies of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy have provided guidelines on quality measures for ERCP, which describe the skills to be developed and training to be implemented in performing quality ERCP. These guidelines have divided the indicators into pre-procedure, intraprocedural, and post-procedure measures. The focus of this article was to review the quality indicators of ERCP.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Safety and efficacy of ERCP using standard duodenoscopes in pediatric patients with choledocholithiasis: A retrospective study
    Berk Baş, Ömer Küçükdemirci, Müge Ustaoğlu, Ahmet Bektaş
    Medicine.2026; 105(19): e48707.     CrossRef
  • Radiation-based indicators for ERCP quality evaluation
    Grecia C. Celis-Valenzuela, Raúl A. Jiménez-Castillo, Luis A. González-Torres, Aldo A. Garza-Galindo, José A. González-González, Héctor J. Maldonado-Garza, Joel O. Jaquez-Quintana
    Gastroenterología y Hepatología.2026; : 502770.     CrossRef
  • Quality Control indicators for Endoscopy’s success evaluation
    Flávio Ribeiro, Tiago Jesus, Diogo Rodrigues, Mónica Martins, André Ferreira, Mariana Ribeiro, Daniel Sá, Manuel Santos, Alda João Andrade, Luis Lopes, Victor Alves
    Procedia Computer Science.2026; 280: 1181.     CrossRef
  • Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in an Australian Rural Centre: Outcomes and Benchmark‐Comparable Performance
    Xiang Yuen Po, Matthew Shears
    ANZ Journal of Surgery.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography training conditions, results from a pan‐European survey: Between vision and reality
    Karim Hamesch, Oscar Cahyadi, Stavros Dimitriadis, Marcus Hollenbach, Pilar Acedo, Myriam Ayari, Helena Dauvarte, Egle Dieninyte, Viktor Domislovic, Ana Dugic, Martin Ďuriček, Omar Elshaarawy, Anne Fennessy, Mark Enrik Geissler, Zornitsa Gorcheva, Amer Ha
    United European Gastroenterology Journal.2025; 13(3): 474.     CrossRef
  • Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography training using a silicone simulator fabricated using a 3D printing technique (with videos)
    Suk Pyo Shin, Kyong Joo Lee, Min Je Sung, Jong Chan Kim, Guk Bae Kim, Moo Yeop Kim, Sung Yong Han, Sung Ill Jang, Mamoru Takenaka, Chang-Il Kwon
    Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • How to measure quality in ERCP?
    Franco Ana Rita, Arvanitakis Marianna, Teles de Campos Sara
    Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology.2025; 76: 101999.     CrossRef
  • Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage versus endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage with intended primary metal stent for malignant distal biliary obstruction: a European prospective controlled multicentre trial (PUMa trial)
    D Schmitz, J B Gornals, J J Vila, A Schmidt, T Kleemann, J R Aparicio, A Amanzada, M Dollhopf, E Redondo-Cerezo, J Weigt, T Voigtländer, T von Hahn, J Rudi, C V Tortosa, A Küllmer, M Perez-Miranda
    Endoscopy.2025; 57(S 02): S6.     CrossRef
  • Development of a Checklist for Evaluating Pancreatobiliary Endoscopy Training Facilities and Educational Programs
    Hyung Ku Chon, Sung-Jo Bang, Eaum Seok Lee, Tae Ju Jeon, Chang Hwan Park
    The Korean Journal of Pancreas and Biliary Tract.2025; 30(2): 93.     CrossRef
  • The utility of endoscopic ultrasound in detecting missed common bile duct stones
    Mahmoud Farouk, Mona Kaddah, Hussein H. Okasha, Katarzyna M. Pawlak, Gaurav Muktesh, Petko Karagyozov, Michał Żorniak, Mohammed Tag-Adeen, Elsayed Ghoneem, Rasha M.M. Ahmed, Mahmoud Alansary, Khaled Ragab, Ramy El-Hendawy, Adnan A. Mohamed
    Al-Azhar Assiut Medical Journal.2025; 23(2): 317.     CrossRef
  • The effect of clinical ERCP experience using a virtual reality simulator and salivary biochemical stress markers
    Nikola Boyanov, Konstantinos Georgiou, Tanya Deneva, Katina Shtereva, Katerina Madzharova, Gabriel Sandblom, Lars Enochsson
    Scandinavian Journal of Surgery.2025; 114(4): 453.     CrossRef
  • Diagnostic Accuracy of Cholangioscopy in the Investigation of Indeterminate Biliary Strictures: A Retrospective Study of a High Volume Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Center
    Henrique Coelho, Fábio Correia, Mariana Cardoso, Gonçalo Alexandrino, Luís Lourenço, David Horta, Jorge Canena
    GE - Portuguese Journal of Gastroenterology.2025; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Advancements in Research on Challenges in Selective Biliary Cannulation during Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
    天雨 张
    Journal of Clinical Personalized Medicine.2024; 03(01): 100.     CrossRef
  • Development of an Automated Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Quality Report Card Using an Integrated Analytics Suite
    Anmol Singh, Eric Swei, Celestina Tolosa, Matthew Alverson, Todd A. Brenner, Avleen Kaur, Aida Metri, Mohammed Rifat Shaik, Nikhil Bush, Branislav Bujnak, Alexandra T. Strauss, Mouen Khashab, Eun Ji Shin, Vikesh K. Singh, Venkata S. Akshintala
    Techniques and Innovations in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2024; 26(3): 230.     CrossRef
  • Validity of a virtual reality endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography simulator: can it distinguish experts from novices?
    Konstantinos Georgiou, Nikola Boyanov, Pantelis Antonakis, Dimitrios Thanasas, Gabriel Sandblom, Lars Enochsson
    Frontiers in Surgery.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 9,311 View
  • 360 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • 15 Crossref
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Simulator-based training method in gastrointestinal endoscopy training and currently available simulators
Yuri Kim, Jeong Hoon Lee, Gin Hyug Lee, Ga Hee Kim, Gunn Huh, Seung Wook Hong, Hwoon-Yong Jung
Clin Endosc 2023;56(1):1-13.   Published online January 6, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2022.191
AbstractAbstract PDF
The apprenticeship-based training method (ABTM) is highly effective for gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic training. However, the conventional ABTM has significant issues. Although many supplementary training methods (TMs) have been developed and utilized, they cannot entirely replace the ABTM, which remains the major TM strategy. Currently, new TM construction is crucial and necessary due to financial constraints, difficulty of obtaining sufficient training time due to patient safety-related regulations, and catastrophic damage caused by disasters such as the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The simulator-based TM (SBTM) is widely accepted as an alternative to the ABTM, owing to the SBTM’s advantages. Since the 1960s, many GI endoscopy training simulators have been developed and numerous studies have been published on their effectiveness. While previous studies have focused on the simulator’s validity, this review focused on the accessibility of simulators that were introduced by the end of 2021. Although the current SBTM is effective in GI endoscopic education, extensive improvements are needed to replace the ABTM. Incorporating simulator-incorporated TMs into an improved ABTM is an attempt to overcome the incompleteness of the current SBTM. Until a new simulator is developed to replace the ABTM, it is desirable to operate a simulator-integrated and well-coordinated TM that is suitable for each country and institution.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Effectiveness of Simulation‐based Training on Emergency Response Knowledge Among Inter‐Professional Staff Involved in Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Practice
    Mitsuru Otsuka, Tsunetaka Kato, Takuto Hikichi, Jun Nakamura, Takumi Yanagita, Eisuke Kameoka, Daiki Nemoto, Rei Suzuki, Mitsuru Sugimoto, Hiroyuki Asama, Hiroshi Shimizu, Kento Osawa, Rei Ohira, Keisuke Kudo, Masao Kobayakawa, Hiromasa Ohira
    DEN Open.2027;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Soft-Robotic Biomimetic Benchtop Model for Esophageal Motility Simulation
    Seán Kilroy, Neelesh A. Patankar, Walter W. Chan, Giovanni Traverso, Eoin D. O’Cearbhaill
    Nature Communications.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Pilot Randomized Cross-Over Trial Focused on Colonoscopy Skill Acquisition Using High Fidelity Versus Low Fidelity Simulators in Nigeria
    Olusegun Alatise, Alex Doyle, Tajudeen Mohammed, Olujide Arije, Funmilola Wuraola, Oluwaseyi Olanrewaju, Israel Owoade, Matthew O. Bojuwoye, Rivka Kahn, Cristina Olcesse, Jason Esdaille, Sahle Griffith, Gregory Knapp, Richard Spence, Titilayo Ojumu, T. Pe
    Journal of Surgical Education.2026; 83(6): 103932.     CrossRef
  • Training in diagnostic and interventional endoscopic ultrasound: a state-of-the-art review
    Giulia Palumbo, Gianenrico Rizzatti, Fabrizio Termite, Andrea Tringali, Giulia Tripodi, Ivo Boskoski, Cristiano Spada
    Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2026; 20(5): 449.     CrossRef
  • Simulation in Endoscopy
    Abraham Z. Cheloff, Seth A. Gross, Suraj Pai, Sheryl A. Pfeil
    Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America.2026; 36(3): 537.     CrossRef
  • A Hybrid Sensor-Based Colonoscopy Training System for Real-Time Loop Detection and Force Feedback
    Hang-Ling Wu, Isra Elsaadany, Scarlett Miller, Jason Moore
    Journal of Medical Devices.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Meaningful progress towards a high-fidelity endoscopic submucosal dissection training simulator model
    Gin Hyug Lee, So Young Byun
    Clinical Endoscopy.2025; 58(1): 77.     CrossRef
  • Effects of a training system that tracks the operator’s gaze pattern during endoscopic submucosal dissection on hemostasis
    Takao Tonishi, Fumiaki Ishibashi, Kosuke Okusa, Kentaro Mochida, Sho Suzuki
    World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Comments on ‘Development of colonic stent simulator using three-dimensional printing technique: a simulator development study in Korea’
    Dae Jin Jung, Gwang Ha Kim
    Clinical Endoscopy.2025; 58(2): 334.     CrossRef
  • Simulators and training models for diagnostic and therapeutic gastrointestinal endoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Technical and Technology Review
    Chiara Coluccio, Jérémie Jacques, Istvan Hritz, Ivo Boskoski, Mohamed Abdelrahim, Vincenzo Bove, João A. Cunha Neves, Pieter J. F. de Jonge, Giuseppe Dell’Anna, Gianluca Esposito, Antonio Facciorusso, Rodica Gincul, Paolo Giuffrida, Rakesh Kalapala, Chris
    Endoscopy.2025; 57(07): 796.     CrossRef
  • Curriculum for training in peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) in Europe (Part I): European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Position Statement
    Enrique Rodríguez de Santiago, David J. Tate, João Santos-Antunes, Sandra Nagl, Zuzana Vacková, Marcel Tantau, Isis K. Araujo, Eduardo Guimarães Hourneaux de Moura, Pietro Familiari, Helmut Messmann, Alanna Ebigbo, Paul Fockens, Raf Bisschops, Henriette H
    Endoscopy.2025; 57(07): 778.     CrossRef
  • Artificial intelligence in simulation-based training for Health Professions Education: Navigating the rabbit hole
    Rakhi Negi, Deepti Chopra, Komal Maheshwari, Anushi Mahajan, Dinesh Badyal, Padmini Venkataramani
    Medical Journal Armed Forces India.2025; 81(6): 637.     CrossRef
  • Digital platforms, virtual reality, and augmented reality in gastrointestinal endoscopy training
    Wilfredo Pagani, Tavia Buysse, Kulwinder S. Dua
    Clinical Endoscopy.2025; 58(5): 653.     CrossRef
  • Impact and assessment of training models in interventional endoscopic ultrasound
    Bogdan Miutescu, Vinay Dhir
    Digestive Endoscopy.2024; 36(1): 59.     CrossRef
  • A Multicenter Survey of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy in 2019 at Korean Medical Institutions
    Jun Woo Park, Tae Gyun Kim, Kwang Bum Cho, Jeong Seok Kim, Jin Woong Cho, Jung Won Jeon, Sun Gyo Lim, Chan Gyoo Kim, Hong Jun Park, Tae Jun Kim, Eun Sun Kim, Su Jin Jeong, Yong Hwan Kwon
    Gut and Liver.2024; 18(1): 77.     CrossRef
  • Exploring Endoscopic Competence in Gastroenterology Training: A Simulation-Based Comparative Analysis of GAGES, DOPS, and ACE Assessment Tools
    Faisal Wasim Ismail, Azam Afzal, Rafia Durrani, Rayyan Qureshi, Safia Awan, Michelle R Brown
    Advances in Medical Education and Practice.2024; Volume 15: 75.     CrossRef
  • Assemblage of a functional and versatile endoscopy trainer reusing medical waste: Step‐by‐step video tutorial
    Riccardo Vasapolli, Jörg Schirra, Christian Schulz
    Digestive Endoscopy.2024; 36(5): 634.     CrossRef
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    D. Roser, S. Nagl, A. Ebigbo
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Original Articles
Increased ERCP volume improves cholangiogram interpretation: a new performance measure for ERCP training?
Shyam Vedantam, Sunil Amin, Ben Maher, Saqib Ahmad, Shanil Kadir, Saad Khalid Niaz, Mark Wright, Nadeem Tehami
Clin Endosc 2022;55(3):426-433.   Published online February 4, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2021.239
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
/Aims: Cholangiogram interpretation is not used as a key performance indicator (KPI) of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) training, and national societies recommend different minimum numbers per annum to maintain competence. This study aimed to determine the relationship between correct ERCP cholangiogram interpretation and experience.
Methods
One hundred fifty ERCPists were surveyed to appropriately interpret ERCP cholangiographic findings. There were three groups of 50 participants each: “Trainees,” “Consultants group 1” (performed >75 ERCPs per year), and “Consultants group 2” (performed >100 ERCPs per year).
Results
Trainees was inferior to Consultants groups 1 and 2 in identifying all findings except choledocholithiasis outside the intrahepatic duct on the initial or completion/occlusion cholangiogram. Consultants group 1 was inferior to Consultants group 2 in identifying Strasberg type A bile leaks (odds ratio [OR], 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77–0.96), Strasberg type B (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.74–0.95), and Bismuth type 2 hilar strictures (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.69–0.95).
Conclusions
This investigation supports the notion that cholangiogram interpretation improves with increased annual ERCP case volumes. Thus, a higher annual volume of procedures performed may improve the ability to correctly interpret particularly difficult findings. Cholangiogram interpretation, in addition to bile duct cannulation, could be considered as another KPI of ERCP training.

Citations

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  • Multimethod study of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio Pancreatography (ERCP) service delivery: stakeholder perspectives on opportunities for quality improvement
    Christina Dobson, Simon M Everett, Emily Haworth, Wafaa Ahmed, Kofi W Oppong, Ian D Penman, Beverley Oates, Bettina Kluettgens, Colin Rees, Linda Sharp
    Frontline Gastroenterology.2025; : flgastro-2025-103197.     CrossRef
  • UK ERCP sedation practices, patient comfort and endoscopist characteristics: National Endoscopy Database (NED) analysis on behalf of the JAG and BSG
    David Beaton, Matt Rutter, Linda Sharp, Kofi W Oppong, Bidour Awadelkarim, Simon M Everett, Vikramjit Mitra
    Frontline Gastroenterology.2023; 14(5): 384.     CrossRef
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Impact of COVID-19 on Endoscopy Training: Perspectives from a Global Survey of Program Directors and Endoscopy Trainers
Shivakumar Vignesh, Amna Subhan Butt, Mohamed Alboraie, Bruno Costa Martins, Alejandro Piscoya, Quang Trung Tran, Damien Tan Meng Yew, Shahriyar Ghazanfar, Pezhman Alavinejad, Edna Kamau, Ajay M Verma, Robin B Mendelsohn, Christopher Khor, Alan Moss, David Wei Chih Liao, Christopher S Huang, Franklin C Tsai
Clin Endosc 2021;54(5):678-687.   Published online September 30, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2021.140
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
/Aims: The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted the training of medical trainees internationally. The aim of this study was to assess the global impact of COVID-19 on endoscopy training from the perspective of endoscopy trainers and to identify strategies implemented to mitigate the impact on trainee education.
Methods
Teaching faculty of gastroenterology (GI) training programs globally were invited to complete a 36-question web-based survey to report the characteristics of their training programs and the impact of COVID-19 on various aspects of endoscopy training, including what factors decisions were based on.
Results
The survey response rate was 52.6% (305 out of 580 individuals); 92.8% reported a negative impact on endoscopy training, with suspension of elective procedures (77.1%) being the most detrimental factor. Geographic variations were noted, with European programs reporting the lowest percentage of trainee participation in procedures. A higher proportion of trainees in the Americas were allowed to continue performing procedures, and trainers from the Americas reported receiving the greatest support for endoscopy teaching.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant negative impact on GI endoscopy training internationally, as reported by endoscopy trainers. Focus-optimizing endoscopy training and assessment of competencies are necessary to ensure adequate endoscopy training.

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Validation of a Novel Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Cannulation Simulator
Pichamol Jirapinyo, Andrew C. Thompson, Hiroyuki Aihara, Marvin Ryou, Christopher C. Thompson
Clin Endosc 2020;53(3):346-354.   Published online February 17, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2019.105
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
/Aims: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) requires a unique skill set. Currently, there is no objective methodology to assess and train a professional to perform ERCP. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel ERCP simulator.
Methods
The simulator consists of papillae presenting different anatomy and positioned in varied locations. Deep cannulation of the pancreatic duct, followed by the bile duct, was performed. The time allotted was 5 minutes. The content validity indexes (CVIs) for realism, relevance, and representativeness were calculated. Correlation between ERCP experience and simulator score was determined.
Results
Twenty-three participants completed the simulation. The CVIs for realism were orientation of duodenoscope to papilla (1.00), angulation of papillotome to achieve cannulation (0.71), and haptic feedback during cannulation (0.80). The CVIs for relevance were use of elevator (1.00), wheels to achieve en face orientation (1.00), and papillotome for selective cannulation (1.00). Regarding CVI for representativeness, the results were as follows: basic cannulation (0.83), papilla locations (0.83), and papilla anatomies (0.80). The novice, intermediate, and experienced groups scored 6.7±8.7, 30.0±16.3, and 74.4±43.9, respectively (p<0.0001). There was a strong correlation between the ERCP experience level and the individual’s simulator score (Pearson value of 0.77, R2 of 0.60).
Conclusions
This simulator appears to be realistic, relevant, and representative of ERCP cannulation techniques. Additionally, it is effective at objectively assessing basic ERCP skills by differentiating scores based on clinical experience.

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    Nikola Boyanov, Konstantinos Georgiou, Tanya Deneva, Katina Shtereva, Katerina Madzharova, Gabriel Sandblom, Lars Enochsson
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Focused Review Series: Updates on endoscopic bariatric and metabolic therapies
Training in Bariatric and Metabolic Endoscopic Therapies
Pichamol Jirapinyo, Christopher C. Thompson
Clin Endosc 2018;51(5):430-438.   Published online September 30, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2018.148
AbstractAbstract PDF
Bariatric endoscopy is an emerging subspecialty for gastroenterologists encompassing a broad array of procedures including primary endoscopic bariatric and metabolic therapies and the treatment of complications of bariatric surgery. In addition, comprehensive understanding of lifestyle intervention and pharmacotherapy are essential to successful outcomes. This review summarizes goals and steps of training for this emerging field.

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Review
Education and Training Guidelines for the Board of the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Hee Seok Moon, Eun Kwang Choi, Ji Hyun Seo, Jeong Seop Moon, Ho June Song, Kyoung Oh Kim, Jong Jin Hyun, Sung Kwan Shin, Beom Jae Lee, Sang Heon Lee
Clin Endosc 2017;50(4):345-356.   Published online July 31, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2017.106
AbstractAbstract PDF
The Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (KSGE) developed a gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy board in 1995 and related regulations. Although the KSGE has acquired many specialists since then, the education and training aims and guidelines were insufficient. During GI fellowship training, obtaining sufficient exposure to some types of endoscopic procedures is difficult. Fellows should acquire endoscopic skills through supervised endoscopic procedures during GI fellowship training. Thus, the KSGE requires training guidelines for fellowships that allow fellows to perform independent endoscopic procedures without supervision. This document is intended to provide principles that the Committee of Education and Training of the KSGE can use to develop practical guidelines for granting privileges to perform accurate GI endoscopy safely. The KSGE will improve the quality of GI endoscopy by providing guidelines for fellowships and supervisors.

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Focused Review Series: Training in Endoscopy
Training in Endoscopy: Endoscopic Ultrasound
Chang Min Cho
Clin Endosc 2017;50(4):340-344.   Published online July 31, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2017.067
AbstractAbstract PDF
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has been recently established as an indispensable modality for the diagnosis and management of pancreatobiliary and gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. EUS proficiency requires both cognitive and technical abilities, including an understanding of the appropriate indications, the performance of appropriate evaluations before and after the procedure, and the management of procedure-related complications. An increasing demand for skills to handle a growing range of interventional EUS procedures and a continual shortage of EUS training programs are two major obstacles for EUS training. Acquiring the skills necessary to comprehend and conduct EUS often requires training beyond the scope of a standard GI fellowship program. In addition to traditional formal EUS training and preceptorships, regular short-term intensive EUS training programs that provide training at various levels may help EUS practitioners improve and maintain EUS-related knowledges and skills. Theoretical knowledge can be acquired from lectures, textbooks, atlases, slides, videotapes, digital video discs, interactive compact discs, and websites. Informal EUS training is generally based on 1- or 2-day intensive seminars, including didactic lectures, skills demonstrated by expert practitioners through live video-streaming of procedures, and hands-on learning using animal or phantom models.

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Focused Review Series: Globalization and Universalizations of ESD
ESD Hands-on Course Using Ex Vivo and In Vivo Models in South Korea
Gene Hyun Bok, Joo Young Cho
Clin Endosc 2012;45(4):358-361.   Published online November 30, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2012.45.4.358
AbstractAbstract PDF

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an established treatment for gastric neoplasias especially in regions with a high volume of gastric cancer. Although ESD has many advantages over endoscopic mucosal resection, ESD is technically more difficult and can result in severe complications. Therefore establishment of an effective training system is required to help endoscopists climb the ESD learning curve. Although a standard training system for ESD remains to be established, some centers are incorporating ex vivo and/or in vivo animal models to provide a safe and effective means of ESD training. However, it is unknown if these animal models are more effective than other programs. Moreover the efficacy of the animal model may vary according to socio-economic status and the volume of gastric cancer. In this article we introduce the basic and advanced ESD training model using the ex vivo and in vivo animal model from South Korea and review the associated literature from other regions.

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Ex Vivo and In Vivo Models for Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Training
Adolfo Parra-Blanco, Nicolas Gonzalez, Maria Rosa Arnau
Clin Endosc 2012;45(4):350-357.   Published online November 30, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2012.45.4.350
AbstractAbstract PDF

Endoscopic submucosal dissection is a technically challenging but highly effective technique for the treatment of well selected early neoplasms in the digestive tract. Although it is frequently performed in East Asian countries, the Western world has not adopted this technique yet, probably due in part to the difficulty to learn it. Ex vivo and in vivo animal models are invaluable tools to overcome at least the beginning of the learning curve, although the initial step is the acquisition of basic knowledge about early diagnosis of neoplasias, and observing real procedures in expert centers. The practical issues, advantages, and disadvantages of the ex vivo and in vivo models are discussed.

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Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD) Training and Performing ESD with Accurate and Safe Techniques
Chang-Il Kwon
Clin Endosc 2012;45(4):347-349.   Published online November 30, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2012.45.4.347
AbstractAbstract PDF

Introduction of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has brought about a renaissance in therapeutic endoscopy. For the globalization and universalization of ESD, the number of physicians who can perform ESD has rapidly increased with general ex vivo and in vivo training using animal models and hand-on courses. In this focused review series, world-renowned ESD experts described the published studies or their own precious experiences about ESD training and performing ESD with accurate and safe techniques. First, Dr. Adolfo Parra-Blanco reviewed on ex vivo and in vivo models for ESD training. Next, Dr. Joo Young Cho described detailed practical settings and current status of hands-on courses using ex vivo and in vivo models in Korea. Dr. Takashi Toyonaga described quality controlled ESD and basic techniques to prevent complications. Dr. Tsuneo Oyama reviewed recently published methods to facilitate ESD. Dr. Jae-Young Jang reviewed the usefulness of magnifying and narrow band imaging to measure the depth of invasion before ESD.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Performance of novices in Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection starting directly in human patients under direct supervision of an expert endoscopist
    J Bekaert, S Van Langendonck, N Van Heddegem, J Haringsma, P Dewint
    Acta Gastro Enterologica Belgica.2024; 87(4): 478.     CrossRef
  • Endoscopic submucosal dissection training: evaluation of an ex vivo training model with continuous perfusion (ETM-CP) for hands-on teaching and training in China
    Jun Huang, Bing-ran Du, Wei-guang Qiao, Si-lin Huang, Lan-feng Xue, Liang Deng, Jun-ming Liang, Jun Wang, Jian-yi Li, Yu Chen
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  • Disección endoscópica submucosa: curva de aprendizaje en modelos porcinos
    Victor Efrén Gallardo Cabrera, Oscar Hernández Mondragón, Dulce María Rascón Martínez, Gerardo Blanco Velasco, Roberto Ramos González, Amina Evelyn Tun Abraham, Juan Manuel Blancas Valencia
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    Roxana M Coman
    World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2013; 5(8): 369.     CrossRef
  • 8,164 View
  • 78 Download
  • 4 Crossref
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Education and Training Guidelines for the Board of the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Kee Myung Lee, M.D., Seok Reyol Choi, M.D.*, Byung Ik Jang, M.D., Seong Hwan Kim, M.D., Chang Don Kang, M.D.§, Young Dae Kim, M.D., Jeong Youp Park, M.D. and Il-Kwun Ch
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2011;42(4):207-214.   Published online April 28, 2011
AbstractAbstract PDF
The Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (KSGE) developed regulations and a gastrointestinal endoscopy board in 1995. Although the KSGE has acquired many specialists since then, the education and training aims and guidelines were insufficient. Although endoscopic examinations are supervised by a specialist during a GI fellowship, some types of GI endoscopic examinations and treatments are difficult to obtain exposure. Fellows should acquire endoscopic skills through repeated independent endoscopic examinations after a GI fellowship. Thus, the KSGE requires training guidelines for fellowships that allow fellows to perform endoscopic examinations without a supervisor. This document is intended to provide the principles that the Committee of Education and Training of KSGE can use to develop practical guidelines for granting privileges to perform accurate GI endoscopy safely. KSGE will contribute to improving the quality of GI endoscopy by providing guidelines for fellowships and supervisors. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2011;42:207-214)
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