Clinical Endoscopy

Image-enhanced endoscopy in upper gastrointestinal disease: focusing on texture and color enhancement imaging and red dichromatic imaging: Jae Yong Park; Clin Endosc 2025;58(2):163-180. Published online November 6, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.159

Endoscopic examination plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract diseases. Despite advancements in endoscopic imaging, the detection of subtle early cancers and premalignant lesions using white-light imaging alone remains challenging. This review discusses two novel image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) techniques–texture and color enhancement imaging (TXI) and red dichromatic imaging (RDI)–and their potential applications in UGI diseases. TXI enhances texture, brightness, and color tone, which improves the visibility of mucosal irregularities and facilitates earlier detection of neoplastic lesions. Studies have suggested that TXI enhances the color differences between lesions and the surrounding mucosa and improves the visibility of the lesion. TXI aids in the diagnosis of various UGI diseases, including early gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, premalignant conditions such as atrophic gastritis and Barrett’s esophagus, and duodenal tumors. RDI utilizes specific wavelengths to enhance the visualization of deep blood vessels or bleeding points, aiding in the rapid and accurate identification of bleeding sources during endoscopic procedures. Although promising, TXI and RDI require further large-scale studies across diverse populations to establish their clinical utility, diagnostic performance, and cost-effectiveness before integration into the guidelines. Standardized training is also required for effective utilization. Overall, these IEE techniques has the potential to improve the diagnosis and management of UGI.

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Navigating the Treatment Landscape for Widespread Superficial Esophageal Squamous Cell Neoplasia
Moon Won Lee, Gwang Ha Kim
Gut and Liver.2025; 19(3): 305. CrossRef

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Endoscopic treatment of upper gastrointestinal postsurgical leaks: a narrative review: Renato Medas, Eduardo Rodrigues-Pinto; Clin Endosc 2023;56(6):693-705. Published online July 3, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.043

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Upper gastrointestinal postsurgical leaks are life-threatening conditions with high mortality rates and are one of the most feared complications of surgery. Leaks are challenging to manage and often require radiological, endoscopic, or surgical intervention. Steady advancements in interventional endoscopy in recent decades have allowed the development of new endoscopic devices and techniques that provide a more effective and minimally invasive therapeutic option compared to surgery. Since there is no consensus regarding the most appropriate therapeutic approach for managing postsurgical leaks, this review aimed to summarize the best available current data. Our discussion specifically focuses on leak diagnosis, treatment aims, comparative endoscopic technique outcomes, and combined multimodality approach efficacy.

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Intravaginal endoscopic vacuum therapy of a rectovaginal fistula: expanding boundaries
Renato Medas, Guilherme Macedo, Eduardo Rodrigues-Pinto
Endoscopy.2025; 57(S 01): E30. CrossRef
Post-Surgical Leaks of the Upper Digestive Tract – The Importance of an Early Endoscopic Approach
I Tarrio, A Andrade, A R Ribeiro, M Moreira, T Araújo, L Lopes
Endoscopy.2025; 57(S 02): S298. CrossRef
Endoscopic vacuum therapy for gastrointestinal transmural defects: a literature review
Tan Minh Le, Van Huy Tran, Kyu Sung Chung, Seong Woo Jeon
Clinical Endoscopy.2025; 58(2): 181. CrossRef
RESULTS OF THE APPLICATION OF ENDOSURGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF EARLY INTRAABDOMINAL COMPLICATIONS IN POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD
I. A. Yusubov, E. Y. Sharifov
World of Medicine and Biology.2024; 20(89): 184. CrossRef

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Role of endoscopy in patients with achalasia: So Young Han, Young Hoon Youn; Clin Endosc 2023;56(5):537-545. Published online June 2, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.001

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Achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder characterized by impaired lower esophageal sphincter relaxation and peristalsis of the esophageal body. With the increasing prevalence of achalasia, interest in the role of endoscopy in its diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring is also growing. The major diagnostic modalities for achalasia include high-resolution manometry, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and barium esophagography. Endoscopic assessment is important for early diagnosis to rule out diseases that mimic achalasia symptoms, such as pseudo-achalasia, esophageal cancer, esophageal webs, and eosinophilic esophagitis. The major endoscopic characteristics suggestive of achalasia include a widened esophageal lumen and food residue in the esophagus. Once diagnosed, achalasia can be treated either endoscopically or surgically. The preference for endoscopic treatment is increasing owing to its minimal invasiveness. Botulinum toxins, pneumatic balloon dilation, and peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) are important endoscopic treatments. Previous studies have demonstrated excellent treatment outcomes for POEM, with >95% improvement in dysphagia, making POEM the mainstay treatment option for achalasia. Several studies have reported an increased risk of esophageal cancer in patients with achalasia. However, routine endoscopic surveillance remains controversial owing to the lack of sufficient data. Further studies on surveillance methods and duration are warranted to establish concordant guidelines for the endoscopic surveillance of achalasia.

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O papel da endoscopia no diagnóstico e tratamento de Acalasia
Rebeca Silva Moreira da Fraga, José Joaquim de Almeida Figueiredo, Thaisa de Moraes Ribeiro Espírito Santo, Esteban Sadovsky
Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Saúde/Brazilian Journal of Health Research.2025; 26(supl_3): 107. CrossRef
Effect of sex on the outcomes of peroral endoscopic myotomy for the treatment of achalasia
Chen-Yi Zhao, Ning Xu, Hao Dong, Ning-Li Chai, En-Qiang Linghu
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The role of cap-assisted endoscopy and its future implications
Sol Kim, Bo-In Lee
Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(3): 293. CrossRef
Never judge a book by its cover: the role of timed barium esophagography in patients with complete symptom relief after peroral endoscopic myotomy
Tae Hee Lee
Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(5): 604. CrossRef
Advanced Esophageal Endoscopy
Kyoungwon Jung, Rebecca M. Haug, Andrew Y. Wang
Gastroenterology Clinics of North America.2024; 53(4): 603. CrossRef
Case of Concomitant Endoscopic Treatment of Achalasia with Superficial Esophageal Cancer
Myung-Hun Lee, Kyoungwon Jung, Jae Hyun Kim, Sung Eun Kim, Won Moon, Moo In Park, Seun Ja Park
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 82(5): 248. CrossRef

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Stereomicroscopic on-site evaluation in endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition of upper gastrointestinal subepithelial lesions: Seigo Nakatani, Kosuke Okuwaki, Masafumi Watanabe, Hiroshi Imaizumi, Tomohisa Iwai, Takaaki Matsumoto, Rikiya Hasegawa, Hironori Masutani, Takahiro Kurosu, Akihiro Tamaki, Junro Ishizaki, Ayana Ishizaki, Mitsuhiro Kida, Chika Kusano; Clin Endosc 2024;57(1):89-95. Published online April 18, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2022.288

Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background
/Aims: In stereomicroscopic sample isolation processing, the cutoff value (≥4 mm) of stereomicroscopically visible white cores indicates high diagnostic sensitivity. We aimed to evaluate endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA) using a simplified stereomicroscopic on-site evaluation of upper gastrointestinal subepithelial lesions (SELs).
Methods
In this multicenter prospective trial, we performed EUS-TA using a 22-gauge Franseen needle in 34 participants with SELs derived from the upper gastrointestinal muscularis propria, requiring pathological diagnosis. The presence of stereomicroscopically visible white core (SVWC) in each specimen was assessed using stereomicroscopic on-site evaluation. The primary outcome was EUS-TA’s diagnostic sensitivity with stereomicroscopic on-site evaluation based on the SVWC cutoff value (≥4 mm) for malignant upper gastrointestinal SELs.
Results
The total number of punctures was 68; 61 specimens (89.7%) contained stereomicroscopically visible white cores ≥4 mm in size. The final diagnoses were gastrointestinal stromal tumor, leiomyoma, and schwannoma in 76.5%, 14.7%, and 8.8% of the cases, respectively. The sensitivity of EUS-TA with stereomicroscopic on-site evaluation based on the SVWC cutoff value for malignant SELs was 100%. The per-lesion accuracy of histological diagnosis reached the highest level (100%) at the second puncture.
Conclusions
Stereomicroscopic on-site evaluation showed high diagnostic sensitivity and could be a new method for diagnosing upper gastrointestinal SELs using EUS-TA.

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Adverse events of 20–22G second‐generation endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle biopsy needles for solid lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract and adjacent organs: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Cheng‐ye Pan, Shi‐min Wang, Dong‐hao Cai, Jia‐yi Ma, Shi‐yu Li, Yibin Guo, Sun Jing, Jin Zhendong, Kaixuan Wang
Digestive Endoscopy.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Case Report: Rare duodenal schwannoma diagnosis and treatment process report
Shan Li, Lingyu Tu, Ting Li, Xiongchuan Pei, Xijin Wang, Yanqing Shi
Frontiers in Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Advancements in endoscopic resection of subepithelial tumors: toward safer, recurrence-free techniques
Won Shik Kim, Moon Kyung Joo
Clinical Endoscopy.2025; 58(2): 256. CrossRef
What method can we choose if rapid on-site evaluation is not available for the endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition of upper gastrointestinal subepithelial lesions?
Yu Kyung Cho
Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(1): 53. CrossRef
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Tissue Acquisition Using Fork-Tip Needle for Subepithelial Lesions: A Single-Center Validation Study
Masafumi Watanabe, Kosuke Okuwaki, Tomohisa Iwai, Mitsuhiro Kida, Hiroshi Imaizumi, Kai Adachi, Akihiro Tamaki, Junro Ishizaki, Taro Hanaoka, Chika Kusano
Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2024; 69(7): 2567. CrossRef
Impact of macroscopic on-site evaluation (MOSE) on accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration/biopsy of solid lesions
Hussein Okasha, Ahmed Ebrahim, Ihab Samih, Mohammed Sayed
International Journal of Gastrointestinal Intervention.2024; 13(3): 98. CrossRef
Role of macroscopic on-site evaluation of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration/biopsy: Results of a multicentric prospective study
Hussein H Okasha, Hiwa A Hussein, Khaled M Ragab, Omar Abdallah, Fedoua Rouibaa, Borahma Mohamed, Fahd Ghalim, Mahmoud Farouk, Mohamed Lasheen, Mohamed A Elbasiony, Ahmed E Alzamzamy, Ahmed El Deeb, Hassan Atalla, Mahmoud El-Ansary, Sahar Mohamed, Moaz El
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2024; 16(11): 595. CrossRef
An Esophageal Leiomyoma with Cystic Degeneration Mimicking a Malignant Neoplasm
Gwang Ha Kim, Dong Chan Joo, Moon Won Lee, Bong Eun Lee, Kyungbin Kim
The Ewha Medical Journal.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Endoscopic internal drainage with double pigtail stents for upper gastrointestinal anastomotic leaks: suitable for all cases?: Bin Chet Toh, Jingli Chong, Baldwin PM Yeung, Chin Hong Lim, Eugene KW Lim, Weng Hoong Chan, Jeremy TH Tan; Clin Endosc 2022;55(3):401-407. Published online January 6, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2021.197

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background
/Aims: Surgeons and endoscopists have started to use endoscopically inserted double pigtail stents (DPTs) in the management of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) leaks, including UGI anastomotic leaks. We investigated our own experiences in this patient population.
Methods
From March 2017 to June 2020, 12 patients had endoscopic internal drainage of a radiologically proven anastomotic leak after UGI surgery in two tertiary UGI centers. The primary outcome measure was the time to removal of the DPTs after anastomotic healing. The secondary outcome measure was early oral feeding after DPT insertion.
Results
Eight of the 12 patients (67%) required only one DPT, whereas four (33%) required two DPTs. The median duration of drainage was 42 days. Two patients required surgery due to inadequate control of sepsis. Of the remaining 10 patients, nine did not require a change in DPT before anastomotic healing. Nine patients were allowed oral fluids within the 1st week and a soft diet in the 2nd week. One patient was allowed clear oral feeds on the 8th day after DPT insertion.
Conclusions
Endoscopic internal drainage is becoming an established minimally invasive technique for controlling anastomotic leak after UGI surgery. It allows for early oral nutritional feeding and minimizes discomfort from conventional external drainage.

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Managing Leaks and Fistulas After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: Challenges and Solutions
Jordan Gipe, Alexandra Agathis, SQ Nguyen
Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology.2025; Volume 18: 1. CrossRef
Endoscopic Intervention for Anastomotic Leakage After Gastrectomy
Ji Yoon Kim, Hyunsoo Chung
Journal of Gastric Cancer.2024; 24(1): 108. CrossRef
Endoscopic Management of Post-Sleeve Gastrectomy Complications
Muaaz Masood, Donald E. Low, Shanley B. Deal, Richard A. Kozarek
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(7): 2011. CrossRef
Endoscopic Internal Drainage Achieving Successful Closure of Iatrogenic Pharyngoesophageal Fistula
Ahmad Rimawi, Yahia Al-Turk, Abdul Monem Swied
ACG Case Reports Journal.2023; 10(10): e01191. CrossRef

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Upper Gastrointestinal Stent Insertion in Malignant and Benign Disorders: Hyoun Woo Kang, Sang Gyun Kim; Clin Endosc 2015;48(3):187-193. Published online May 29, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2015.48.3.187

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Upper gastrointestinal (GI) stents are increasingly being used to manage upper GI obstructions. Initially developed for palliative treatment of esophageal cancer, upper GI stents now play an emerging role in benign strictures of the upper GI tract. Because recurrent obstruction and stent-related complications are common, new modifications of stents have been implemented. Self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) have replaced older plastic stents. In addition, newly designed SEMS have been developed to prevent complications. This review provides an overview of the various types, indications, methods, complications, and clinical outcomes of upper GI stents in a number of malignant and benign disorders dividing the esophagus and gastroduodenum.

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Sun Gyo Lim, Chan Gyoo Kim
Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(5): 571. CrossRef
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A. K. Çağatay, Süleyman Sayar, Ebru Tarıkçı Kılıç, Resul Kahraman, Oğuzhan Öztürk, Kamil Özdil
Indian Journal of Palliative Care.2023; 29: 64. CrossRef
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Athanasios Diamantopoulos, Shuvro Roy Choudhury, Farah Gillian Irani, Hugo Rio Tinto, Tarun Sabharwal
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Rui Silva
GE - Portuguese Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 30(Suppl. 1): 35. CrossRef
Untethered shape-changing devices in the gastrointestinal tract
Wangqu Liu, Soo Jin Choi, Derosh George, Ling Li, Zijian Zhong, Ruili Zhang, Si Young Choi, Florin M. Selaru, David H. Gracias
Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery.2023; 20(12): 1801. CrossRef
Endoscopic Procedures for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Lesions and a Brief Review of Literature
Selim Doğan, Ekrem Çakar, Bünyamin Gürbulak, Şükrü Çolak, Hasan Bektaş, Cihad Tatar
Istanbul Medical Journal.2022; 23(2): 154. CrossRef
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Hasnain S. Bawaadam, Matthew Russell, Yaron B. Gesthalter
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Uzma Rahman, Olugbenga T. Okusanya
Foregut: The Journal of the American Foregut Society.2022; 2(2): 180. CrossRef
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Kenneth H. Park, Daniel Lew, Jamil Samaan, Sarvanand Patel, Quin Liu, Srinivas Gaddam, Kapil Gupta, Laith H. Jamil, Simon K. Lo
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Akira Dobashi, Darrick K. Li, Georgios Mavrogenis, Kavel H. Visrodia, Fateh Bazerbachi
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A I Ivanov, V A Popov, M V Burmistrov
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Zain A. Sobani, Swathi Paleti, Tarun Rustagi
Endoscopy International Open.2021; 09(06): E895. CrossRef
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A.I. Ivanov, V.A. Popov, M.V. Burmistrov
Endoskopicheskaya khirurgiya.2021; 27(3): 48. CrossRef
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The Korean Journal of Medicine.2021; 96(4): 352. CrossRef
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Mustafa Şentürk, Murat Çakır, Mehmet Aykut Yıldırım, Ömer Kişi, James H. Tabibian
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Ki Bum Park, Seong Woo Jeon
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Anish Patel, Amrita Sethi
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Timothy Joseph S, Orillaza, Jinoo Kim, Je Hwan Won
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Giuseppe Grande, Claudio Zulli, Helga Bertani, Vincenzo Giorgio Mirante, Angelo Caruso, Rita Conigliaro
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Ultrathin Endoscope-Assisted Method for the Management of Upper Gastrointestinal Obstruction to Avoid Technical Failure: Jong In Kim, Joon Sung Kim, Byung-Wook Kim, Joo-Yong Song, Joo Ho Ham, Bo-In Lee, Hye-Jung Choi, Jeong-Seon Ji, Hwang Choi; Clin Endosc 2013;46(4):373-378. Published online July 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2013.46.4.373

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background/Aims

Endoscopic management of upper gastrointestinal obstruction is safe and feasible. However, its technical and clinical success rate is about 90%, which is primarily due to inability to pass a guide-wire through the stricture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of an ultrathin endoscope for correct placement of guide wire to avoid technical failure in upper gastrointestinal obstruction.

Methods

Retrospective assessment of ultrathin endoscope to traverse the stenosis of the upper gastrointestinal tract in technically difficult cases was performed. Technical and clinical success rates and immediate complications were analyzed.

Results

Nine cases were included in this study (eight cases of stent insertion and one case of balloon dilatation). Technical success was achieved in all of the patients (100%) and oral feeding was feasible in all of the cases (100%). Immediate complications, such as migration, perforation, and hemorrhage, did not develop in any of the cases.

Conclusions

Ultrathin endoscope-assisted method for upper gastrointestinal obstruction is potentially safe and useful to avoid technical failure.

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Rescue technique for self-expandable metallic stent placement using ultrathin endoscope after failure of the conventional method in patients with malignant colon obstruction: a multicenter retrospective study
Tae-Geun Gweon, Chul-Hyun Lim, Jinsu Kim, Dong Hoon Kang, Bo In Lee, Young-Seok Cho
Surgical Endoscopy.2023; 37(10): 7600. CrossRef
Fluoroscopic Gastroduodenal Stent Placement in 55 Patients with Endoscopic Stent Placement Failure
Nader Bekheet, Min Tae Kim, Jung-Hoon Park, Kun Yung Kim, Jiaywei Tsauo, Wang Zhe, Young Je Lim, Ho-Young Song
CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology.2018; 41(8): 1233. CrossRef
Fluoroscopic-guided stent placement in failed tentative endoscopic approaches to malignant gastroduodenal obstructions
Soo Hwan Kim, Ho-Young Song, Jung-Hoon Park, Wei-Zhong Zhou, Young Chul Cho, Ji Hoon Shin, Jin Hyoung Kim
Acta Radiologica.2017; 58(8): 959. CrossRef

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Evidence-Based Recommendations on Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Stenting: A Report from the Stent Study Group of the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Sam Ryong Jee, Joo Young Cho, Kyung Ho Kim, Sang Gyun Kim, Jun-Hyung Cho, The Stent Study Group of the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy; Clin Endosc 2013;46(4):342-354. Published online July 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2013.46.4.342

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Endoscopic stents have evolved dramatically over the past 20 years. With the introduction of uncovered self-expanding metal stents in the early 1990s, they are primarily used to palliate symptoms of malignant obstruction in patients with inoperable gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. At present, stents have emerged as an effective, safe, and less invasive alternative for the treatment of malignant GI obstruction. Clinical decisions about stent placement should be made based on the exact understanding of the patient's condition. These recommendations based on a critical review of the available data and expert consensus are made for the purpose of providing endoscopists with information about stent placement. These can be helpful for management of patients with inoperable cancer or various nonmalignant conditions in the upper GI tract.

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Endoscopic Procedures for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Lesions and a Brief Review of Literature
Selim Doğan, Ekrem Çakar, Bünyamin Gürbulak, Şükrü Çolak, Hasan Bektaş, Cihad Tatar
Istanbul Medical Journal.2022; 23(2): 154. CrossRef
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Ki Bum Park, Seong Woo Jeon
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Temporary self-expandable metallic stent placement in post-gastrectomy complications
Hyun Jin Oh, Chul-Hyun Lim, Seung Bae Yoon, Han Hee Lee, Jin Su Kim, Yu Kyung Cho, Jae Myung Park, Myung-Gyu Choi
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Peptic Ulcer-related Stenosis
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Clinical Feasibility and Safety of Endoscopic Self-Expandable Metal Stent Placement for Upper Gastrointestinal Pathologies
Bünyamin Gürbulak, Esin Kabul Gürbulak, Hasan Bektaş, İsmail Ethem Akgün, Hızır Yakup Akyildiz, Özgür Segmen, Fevzi Celayir, Muharrem Battal, Kenan Büyükaşık
International Surgery.2018; 103(11-12): 605. CrossRef
Endoscopic management of complications of self-expandable metal stents for treatment of malignant esophageal stenosis and tracheoesophageal fistulas
Renáta Bor, Anna Fábián, Anita Bálint, Klaudia Farkas, Mónika Szűcs, Ágnes Milassin, László Czakó, Mariann Rutka, Tamás Molnár, Zoltán Szepes
Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.2017; 10(8): 599. CrossRef
Gastroduodenal Outlet Obstruction and Palliative Self-Expandable Metal Stenting: A Dual-Centre Experience
Nik S. Ding, Sina Alexander, Michael P. Swan, Christopher Hair, Patrick Wilson, Emma Clarebrough, David Devonshire
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Upper Gastrointestinal Stent: Sang Gyun Kim, Chang-Hun Yang; Clin Endosc 2012;45(4):386-391. Published online November 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2012.45.4.386

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Gastrointestinal (GI) stent has been developed for palliation of obstructive symptoms in various diseases causing obstruction of GI tract. Self-expanding metal stent (SEMS) has replaced old type of plastic stent, and endoscopic insertion of stent has replaced fluoroscopy-guided insertion. Nowadays, newly-designed SEMSs have been developed for prevention of complications such as stent migration and re-obstruction, and indications of stent recently have been widened into benign conditions as well as malignant obstruction. In this review, the types, method of insertion, indications and clinical outcomes of stent in the upper GI tract would be discussed.

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G Teyangesikayi, MF Scriba, S Viranna, EG Jonas, GE Chinnery
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Mohammad Arafat, Paris Fouladian, Anton Blencowe, Hugo Albrecht, Yunmei Song, Sanjay Garg
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Hyoun Woo Kang, Sang Gyun Kim
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Chan Gyoo Kim, Il Ju Choi, Jong Yeul Lee, Soo-Jeong Cho, Soo Jin Kim, Mi-Jung Kim, Sook Ryun Park, Young Lee Park
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Quality Control for Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Jae Myung Park, M.D.; Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;40(6):343-346. Published online June 30, 2010

Abstract PDF: Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is the most common procedure in the field of gastroenterology. Controlling the quality of endoscopy is quite important because gastric cancer is the most prevalent cancer in Korea. For each endoscopic procedure, the indicators of quality control can be considered for 3 time periods: the preprocedure, intraprocedure and postprocedure periods. The common issues during preprocedure include the proper indications, the patient's consent for the procedure, the patient's clinical status and the risk assessment, and the steps to reduce the risk. The common issues during intraprocedure include all the technical aspects of the procedure, including completion of the examination and any of the therapeutic maneuvers. The postprocedure activities include providing instructions to the patient, documentation of the procedure, recognition and documentation of complications, follow-up of the pathologic conditions and assessing the patient's satisfaction. Regular monitoring the quality of endoscopy can raise the level of performing endoscopic procedures.(Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;40:343-346)

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A Case of Esophageal and Gastric Foreign Bodies Induced by Cyanoacrylate Ingestion: Kil Sang Wang, M.D., Myoung Hwan Kim, M.D., Myoung Lyeol Woo, M.D., Ja Sung Choi, M.D., Hyeon Geun Cho, M.D. and Young Myoung Moon, M.D.; Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;36(4):224-227. Published online April 30, 2008

Abstract PDF: Foreign bodies of the upper gastrointestinal tract are found in all age groups, and the foreign bodies can be ingested incidentally or intentionally. They are usually common in children, but they have also been discovered in adults with esophageal disease, artificial teeth, mental retardation, in patients seeking secondary gains and in alcoholics. The types of foreign bodies vary for different social and cultural conditions, and can include coins, corks, toys, fish bones, toothbrushes, needles, nails and pens. Foreign bodies of the upper gastrointestinal tract are usually passed into the intestinal tract spontaneously, but sometimes intervention is required. We report a case of an 80-year-old man with a past medical history of depressive disorder that had ingested adhesives. The adhesives present in the esophagus were removed by the use of therapeutic endoscopy. However, the adhesives in the stomach were too large to remove by the use of an endoscopic procedure, and gastrotomy was performed. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;36:224-227)

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Endoscopic Removal of Foreign Bodies in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract: Tae Hee Lee, M.D., Gi Se Lee, M.D., Eui Hyeog Im, M.D., Kyu Chan Huh, M.D.,Chang; Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2004;28(2):61-66. Published online March 1, 2004

Abstract PDF: Background
/Aims: Foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract are produced chiefly by accidental swallowing, but rarely produce symptoms. Although most foreign bodies pass spontaneously, 10∼20% of those need treatment. We evaluated the role of endoscopy for removal of foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 80 cases of foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract who had been treated using endoscopy at Konyang University Hospital from February 2000 to July 2003. Results: The age ranged from 14 months to 75 years (mean 36.8 years-old). Patients over 60 years, under 10 years were 20 cases and 28 cases, respectively and male to female ratio was 1.1：1. Common foreign bodies are coin (20 cases), fishbone (12 cases), animal bone (11 cases) and meat stuff (9 cases). The most common location was the esophagus (68.8%). In most cases (88.8%), foreign bodies were removed using alligator tooth forceps. Fourteen patients had co-morbidities such as esophageal diseases, psychiatric disorders, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, stomach cancer, and subtotal gastrectomy
Conclusions
Endoscopy is a useful tool for removal of foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2004;28:61⁣66)

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A Case of Abdominal Actinomycosis Developed in Upper Gastrointestinal Tract: Jong Tae Baek, M.D., Dong Su Lee, M.D., Byoung Min Ahn, M.D., Kang Mun Lee, M.D.,Seong Hee Jang, M.D., Jin A Park, M.D., Yung Yi Chang, M.D., Sun Jong Jeong, M.D.,Jun Seok Kim, M.D., In Sik Chung, M.D., Doo Ho Park, M.D. and Hye Kyoung Lee, M.D.*; Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2002;25(6):453-456. Published online December 30, 2002

Abstract PDF: Actinomycosis is a rare chronic suppurative disease caused by actinomyces species, which are normal flora in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract, and characterized by formation of sulfur granule. Actinomyces can affect cervicofacial, pulmonary, abdominal and pelvic area. However, abdominal and pelvic inflammations are less frequently observed. Most of abdominal actinomycosis develop after abdominal operation, trauma, inflammatory bowel disease or use of intrauterine devices. The definitive diagnosis was made after histopathological study of the tissues. Treatment is long-term antibiotic therapy. Herein, we report a case of a 69-year-old woman with an unusual form of abdominal actinomycosis after total gastrectomy. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2002;25:453⁣456)

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소아 상부 위장관 이물의 내시경적 적출술 - 대구, 경북지역 소아 78예에 대한 고찰 - ( Endoscopic Removal of Foreign Bodies from the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract in Children: Management of 78 Cases in Taegu, Korea ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2000;20(1):6-13. Published online November 30, 1999

Abstract PDF: Background
/Aims: Foreign body (FB) removal is a common indication of therapeutic endoscopy in children. The trend is becoming wider and more rational in application. The spectrum of upper gastrointestinal FB's in children during a recent 2 year period was reviewed in Taegu, Kyungbook Province in order to obtain a the consensus of recent trend of indications and techniques of endoscopic FB removal in children. Methods: Esophagogastroscopy was performed on 78 children who had been referred to 3 University Hospitals in Taegu for FB ingestion from Oct. 1996 to Sep. 1998. Results: Age between 1∼2 year was the peak age group; 22 cases (28%). Male to female ratio was 1.9：1. Thirty four cases (44%) were in the esophagus, 44 cases (56%) in the stomach. The majority (49%) of the FB's were coins, 26 of 34 esophageal FB's and 12 of 44 gastric FB's. Others were 14 sharp/pointed objects, 12 big/long objects, 7 toxic objects, etc. In 67 children (86%) the FB was successfully removed and spontaneous passage through the pylorus was observed in 9 children. Conclusions: Endoscopic FB removal can be performed safely and effectively in children with minimal or no complications by an experienced endoscopist. Proper arrangement should be conducted with consideration to the property of FB's, expected complication, and the possibility of an emergency situation. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2000;20:6~13)

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