1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
2Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
3Faculty of Architecture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
4Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Copyright © 2021 Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Conflicts of Interest: The authors have no potential conflicts of interest.
Funding
None.
Author Contributions
Conceptualization: Busara Charoenwat, Suphasarang Sirirattanakul, Kangsadan Hangnak
Data curation: BC, SS, KH
Formal analysis: BC, Itsares Muikham
Investigation: BC
Methodology: BC, KH, IM
Project administration: SS, KH
Validation: SS, KH
Writing-original draft: BC
Writing-review&editing: BC
Patient | Age, yr (gender) | Underlying disease | Presenting symptom | Risk stratification | AGPs | Position |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | 0.3 (M) | BA | Life-threatening GIB | Emergency | EVS | Left lateral |
2. | 1 (M) | BA | Life-threatening GIB | Emergency | EVS | Left lateral |
3. | 3 (M) | CHF | Life-threatening GIB | Emergency | EVL | Left lateral |
4. | 5 (M) | EHPVT | Life-threatening GIB | Emergency | EVL | Left lateral |
5. | 9 (M) | EHPVT | Life-threatening GIB | Emergency | EVL | Left lateral |
6. | 9 (M) | EHPVT | Life-threatening GIB | Emergency | EVL | Left lateral |
7. | 15 (M) | BA | Life-threatening GIB | Emergency | EVL | Left lateral |
8. | 18 (M) | Lymphoma, CMV esophagitis | Life-threatening GIB | Emergency | Endoscopic clips | Left lateral |
9. | 1 (F) | None | Foreign body ingestiona) | Urgent | Endoscopic removal | Left lateral |
10. | 9 (F) | Medulloblastoma | Severe PEMb) | Urgent | PEG | Supine |
11. | 10 (F) | MMA | Severe PEMb) | Urgent | PEG | Supine |
12. | 12 (F) | Achalasia | Severe dysphagia | Urgent | Endoscopic esophageal dilatation | Supine |
Ages are expressed as years.
AGPs, aerosol-generating procedures; BA, biliary atresia; CHF, congenital hepatic fibrosis; CMV, cytomegalovirus; EHPVT, extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis; EVL, endoscopic variceal ligation; EVS, endoscopic variceal sclerosis; GIB, gastrointestinal bleeding; MMA, methylmalonic academia; PEG, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy; PEM, protein energy malnutrition.
a)Foreign bodies have been classified by the NASPGHAN clinical report as urgent [23].
b)Urgent initial nutrition support [8].
Risk assessment of probable COVID-19 infection | |
---|---|
Low risk | Asymptomatic (eg, fever, respiratory symptoms, anosmia, or diarrhea) |
AND | |
No contact with high-risk or confirmed COVID-19 positive person | |
AND | |
No travel to or residence in the high-risk area of COVID-19 during 14 days before | |
High risk | Presence of symptoms (eg, fever, respiratory symptoms, anosmia, or diarrhea) |
OR | |
Travel to or residence in the high-risk area of COVID-19 during 14 days before | |
OR | |
Contact with high-risk or confirmed COVID-19 positive person |
Patient | Age, yr (gender) | Underlying disease | Presenting symptom | Risk stratification | AGPs | Position |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | 0.3 (M) | BA | Life-threatening GIB | Emergency | EVS | Left lateral |
2. | 1 (M) | BA | Life-threatening GIB | Emergency | EVS | Left lateral |
3. | 3 (M) | CHF | Life-threatening GIB | Emergency | EVL | Left lateral |
4. | 5 (M) | EHPVT | Life-threatening GIB | Emergency | EVL | Left lateral |
5. | 9 (M) | EHPVT | Life-threatening GIB | Emergency | EVL | Left lateral |
6. | 9 (M) | EHPVT | Life-threatening GIB | Emergency | EVL | Left lateral |
7. | 15 (M) | BA | Life-threatening GIB | Emergency | EVL | Left lateral |
8. | 18 (M) | Lymphoma, CMV esophagitis | Life-threatening GIB | Emergency | Endoscopic clips | Left lateral |
9. | 1 (F) | None | Foreign body ingestion |
Urgent | Endoscopic removal | Left lateral |
10. | 9 (F) | Medulloblastoma | Severe PEM |
Urgent | PEG | Supine |
11. | 10 (F) | MMA | Severe PEM |
Urgent | PEG | Supine |
12. | 12 (F) | Achalasia | Severe dysphagia | Urgent | Endoscopic esophageal dilatation | Supine |
These criteria may change rapidly with time so it is essential to use the latest information. Adopted from Chiu et al. [
Ages are expressed as years. AGPs, aerosol-generating procedures; BA, biliary atresia; CHF, congenital hepatic fibrosis; CMV, cytomegalovirus; EHPVT, extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis; EVL, endoscopic variceal ligation; EVS, endoscopic variceal sclerosis; GIB, gastrointestinal bleeding; MMA, methylmalonic academia; PEG, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy; PEM, protein energy malnutrition. Foreign bodies have been classified by the NASPGHAN clinical report as urgent [ Urgent initial nutrition support [