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HOME > Clin Endosc > Volume 57(4); 2024 > Article
Image of Issue Closure of esophageal–pleural fistula using a cardiac occluder in a patient with systemic scleroderma
Oleksandr Kiosov1,3,orcid, Vladyslav Tkachov2,3orcid, Sergii Gulevskyi3orcid
Clinical Endoscopy 2024;57(4):547-548.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.037
Published online: July 5, 2024

1Department of General Surgery and Postgraduate Surgical Education, Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine

2Department of Faculty Surgery, Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine

3Multidisciplinary Surgical Department, University Clinic of Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine

Correspondence: Oleksandr Kiosov Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Zaporozhzhia, Dneprovsky-Porogy 19/142, Ukraine E-mail: kiosow015@gmail.com
• Received: February 16, 2024   • Revised: April 2, 2024   • Accepted: April 8, 2024

© 2024 Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Cardiac occluders are increasingly employed beyond their approved indications to address intricate or recurrent esophageal fistulas.1 A 69-year-old woman with systemic scleroderma underwent a thoracotomy and diverticulectomy for a symptomatic midesophageal diverticulum. However, an esophageal–pleural fistula formed postoperatively. A percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube was then inserted. Different methods had been tried to no avail, including a fully covered stent positioned within the esophagus over the fistula that caused permanent pain and discomfort and was removed after 1.5 months; two consecutive endoscopic attempts at a 2-week interval to glue the fistula with Histoacryl (B/Braune); endoscopic clips, which only lasted 3 days; and two attempts to close the previously ablated fistula by securing a surgical hemostatic sponge to the mucosa with clips. Over time, the esophageal wall defect increased from 2 mm to 8 mm (Fig. 1A), causing pleurisy. A ligature was attached to the end of the delivery device of a Cardia Ultrasept (Cardia Inc.) 28×14 mm atrial septal defect occluder and grasped with biopsy forceps, which had previously been passed through the instrumental channel of the gastroscope. The delivery device was delivered parallel to the gastroscope and positioned using forceps, and the occluder was deployed under visual control to close the fistula (Fig. 1B–D). The procedure was performed with the patient under deep propofol sedation. Esophagography performed the next day confirmed the absence of leakage and correct device placement (Fig. 2). Endoscopy performed 1 month later confirmed that the occluder remained unmoved (Fig. 3). Three months later, no recurrence was noted and the patient tolerated an unmodified diet.
Patients with systemic scleroderma tend to have chronic nonhealing wounds due to pathological alterations in the immune and vascular systems.2 The treatment of fistulas in such patients can be very difficult because of the chronic relapsing disease course; thus, non-standard approaches are required. A cardiac occluder may be an effective alternative therapy.
Fig. 1.
(A) An image of the large 8 mm esophageal–pleural fistula (arrow) at 5 days before occluder placement. (B) Initiation of opening the occluder from the delivery device. (C) Detachment of the occluder from the delivery device. (D) Successful placement of the atrial septal defect occluder.
ce-2024-037f1.jpg
Fig. 2.
X-ray taken the day after occluder placement.
ce-2024-037f2.jpg
Fig. 3.
Follow-up endoscopy performed 1 month after occluder placement.
ce-2024-037f3.jpg
  • 1. Lassaletta AD, Laham RJ, Pinto DS, et al. Successful closure of an esophagopleural fistula with an amplatzer occluder sealed with liquid copolymer, with 3-year follow-up and review of literature. Pleura 2016;3:1–6.ArticlePDF
  • 2. Rosendahl AH, Schönborn K, Krieg T. Pathophysiology of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2022;38:187–195.ArticlePubMedPDF

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        Closure of esophageal–pleural fistula using a cardiac occluder in a patient with systemic scleroderma
        Clin Endosc. 2024;57(4):547-548.   Published online July 5, 2024
        DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.037
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      Closure of esophageal–pleural fistula using a cardiac occluder in a patient with systemic scleroderma
      Image Image Image
      Fig. 1. (A) An image of the large 8 mm esophageal–pleural fistula (arrow) at 5 days before occluder placement. (B) Initiation of opening the occluder from the delivery device. (C) Detachment of the occluder from the delivery device. (D) Successful placement of the atrial septal defect occluder.
      Fig. 2. X-ray taken the day after occluder placement.
      Fig. 3. Follow-up endoscopy performed 1 month after occluder placement.

      Fig. 1.

      Fig. 2.

      Fig. 3.

      Closure of esophageal–pleural fistula using a cardiac occluder in a patient with systemic scleroderma
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