Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
© 2024 Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Conflicts of Interest
Dr. Mizuno reports receiving grants and personal fees from Yakult Honsha, Novartis, MSD, and ASLAN Pharmaceuticals, grants from Incyte, Ono Pharmaceutical, Seagen, Taiho Pharmaceutical, and Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma, and personal fees from AstraZeneca and Fujifilm Toyama Chemical for work other than the submitted paper. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Funding
None.
Author Contributions
Conceptualization: TY, KH; Data curation: TY; Investigation: TY; Methodology: KH; Project administration: KH; Resources: TY; Supervision: KH; Validation: all authors; Visualization: TY; Writing–original draft: TY; Writing–review & editing: all authors.
Complications | Value (n=10) |
---|---|
Early complications | |
Bile peritonitis | 0 (0) |
Sepsis | 0 (0) |
Stent migration | 0 (0) |
Bleeding | 0 (0) |
Late complications | |
Abscess | 0 (0) |
Pseudoaneurysm | 0 (0) |
Characteristic | Value (n=10) |
---|---|
Age (yr) | 66.5 (58–77) |
Male | 6 (60) |
Anticoagulant therapy | 1 (10) |
Biliary obstruction cause | |
Pancreatic cancer | 3 (30) |
Gastric cancer | 5 (50) |
Metastatic colorectal cancer | 1 (10) |
Metastatic cervical cancer | 1 (10) |
Degree of ascites | |
Moderate | 4 (40) |
Severe | 6 (60) |
Liver metastases | 2 (20) |
Suppurative cholangitis | 2 (20) |
Reason for endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy | |
Gastric or duodenal obstruction | 5 (50) |
Surgically altered anatomy | 3 (30) |
Failed biliary cannulation | 2 (20) |
Technical data | Value (n=10) |
---|---|
Procedure time (min) | 20 (15–44) |
Diameter of the punctured intrahepatic duct (mm) | 4.8 (3.0–8.0) |
Puncture site | |
B2 | 6 (60) |
B3 | 4 (40) |
Puncture needle gauge | |
19-gauge | 8 (80) |
22-gauge | 2 (20) |
Type of stent | |
Covered self-expandable metal stent | 10 (100) |
Diameter of stent | |
6 mm | 7 (70) |
8 mm | 3 (30) |
Antegrade stenting | 4 (40) |
Clinical outcomes | Value (n=10) |
---|---|
Technical success | 10 (100) |
Clinical success | 9 (90) |
Complications of endoscopic treatment | |
Early complications | 0 (0) |
Late complications | 0 (0) |
Antimicrobials use after endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy | 10 (100) |
Duration of antimicrobial use after procedure (days) | 7 (2–12) |
Duration until eating was resumed (days) | 1 (1–4) |
Re-intervention, n (%) | 3 (30) |
Duration of follow-up, days; median [range] | 31 (13–383) |
Complications | Value (n=10) |
---|---|
Early complications | |
Bile peritonitis | 0 (0) |
Sepsis | 0 (0) |
Stent migration | 0 (0) |
Bleeding | 0 (0) |
Late complications | |
Abscess | 0 (0) |
Pseudoaneurysm | 0 (0) |
Values are presented as median (range) or number (%).
Values are presented as median (range) or number (%).
Values are presented as number (%) or median (range).